Mental health science最新文献

{"title":"When Knowledge Falls Short: A Systematic Review on the Correlation of Mental Health Knowledge With Stigma and Help-Seeking","authors":"Luna Grosselli,&nbsp;Julia Baumgärtel,&nbsp;Hanna Böhm,&nbsp;Jürgen Hoyer,&nbsp;Susanne Knappe","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is considered important to facilitate help-seeking for mental health problems. However, it is crucial to ascertain the true significance of increasing mental health knowledge (the central component of MHL) for prevention efforts. This systematic review analyses the direction and effect size of the correlations between knowledge and different facets of stigma (personal, perceived, self) and help-seeking (attitudes, intention, behavior), highlighting current research gaps. We conducted a PRISMA-based systematic analysis of quantitative cross-sectional and longitudinal data on the associations between mental health knowledge and mental health related stigma or help-seeking in Western populations. Peer-reviewed articles published since 1997 were retrieved via PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science, theses via DART-EUROPE, EBSCO-OpenDissertation and Google. The number of studies, types of outcomes, country, population, effect direction and size (median, range) are reported. We identified 47 studies on the association between knowledge and stigma, and 38 on its association with help-seeking. Knowledge showed a medium-sized association with personal stigma (<i>Mdn r</i> = −0.28; range = −0.54; −0.06) and attitudes towards help-seeking (<i>Mdn r</i> = 0.29; range = 0.04; 0.58) and a small association with self-stigma (<i>Mdn r</i> = −0.16; range = −0.39; −0.02), help-seeking intention (<i>Mdn r</i> = 0.15; range = −0.07; 0.40) and help-seeking behavior (<i>Mdn r</i> = 0.15; range = −0.04; 0.68). Knowledge was not consistently related to perceived stigma (Mdn <i>r</i> = −0.01; range = −0.29; 0.16). While the direction of the correlations meets our expectations, the only small to moderate effect sizes indicate that knowledge is relevant but not sufficient for reducing self-stigma and improving help-seeking. We identified several research gaps, such as a scarcity of studies with rigorous methodological standards and with older or clinical populations. We also propose including a broader range of potentially empowering variables in addition to knowledge in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Disordered Eating Behaviors: A Call for a New Screening Tool for Primary Care","authors":"Ella C. Perrin,&nbsp;Eileen Chaves,&nbsp;Amrik Singh Khalsa","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eating disorders in adolescents are increasing in prevalence in the US. This article details the distinction between disordered eating and eating disorders and the importance of detecting all disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. It explores factors contributing to the underdiagnosis of disordered eating behaviors. It describes the importance of disordered eating and eating disorder screening, outlines several of the most widely used screening tools, and addresses the applications and limitations of each. There is currently no brief screening tool for the diagnosis of both broad-spectrum eating disorders and sub-threshold disordered eating pathology in pediatric populations as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. This article highlights the need for screening both disordered eating and eating disorders in the pediatric primary care setting. It explores possible solutions including a discussion of several new screening tools that have shown promise in specific populations. This article aims to serve as a call to action for the validation of such a screener in the general pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Home Environment and Mental Health Problems for Children Living in an Intimate Partner Violence Rehousing Program","authors":"Breana R. Cervantes,&nbsp;Madeleine Allman,&nbsp;Hannah Wolf,&nbsp;Nabeeha Asim,&nbsp;Quenette L. Walton,&nbsp;Judith McFarlane,&nbsp;Carla Sharp","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent, urgent public health problem. IPV exposure is associated with a significant risk of mental health problems for youth. African American women are disproportionately affected by IPV in the United States and African American youth suffer increased rates of adverse mental health outcomes as a result. Support for survivors of IPV and their children is increasingly taking the form of long-term rehousing programs. A child's home environment is a critical component of their daily functioning and has been established as a risk and/or protective factor in the development of mental health problems. Despite the importance of home environments for IPV-exposed children, little research has been conducted in this area. Our study leveraged a larger scale NICHD funded study (R01 HD102436-04; PI Sharp) to examine the quality of the home environment of <i>N</i> = 39 IPV-exposed mothers and their children in a rehousing program and its associations with youth mental health functioning. The Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME) was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to shed light on the potential impact of disparities on youth mental health. We also utilized an observational measure of racial socialization practices (the Africentric HOME) to examine its relevance in this context for a subset of African American mother−child dyads. We found that a greater overall quality of the home environment was strongly correlated with fewer child mental health problems and greater child prosocial behaviors, according to caregiver and child reports. The specific HOME subdomains of Encouragement of Maturity, Emotional Climate, Family Companionship, Family Integration, and Physical Environment demonstrated several significant associations with child mental health outcomes. Implications of these findings on disparities in youth mental health and potential considerations for IPV rehousing programs are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Maternal Anxiety on Breastfeeding Practices","authors":"Freda D. Intiful,&nbsp;Louisa N. Nakotey,&nbsp;Nortey Eunice,&nbsp;Patricia M. Amos,&nbsp;Laurene Boateng","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored the relationship between maternal anxiety and breastfeeding practices among mothers in the Greater Accra Metropolis, Ghana, addressing a research gap in low- and middle-income countries. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to recruit 161 breastfeeding mothers aged 18–45 years with babies aged 1–24 months from postnatal welfare clinics through convenience sampling. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic information, maternal anxiety, and breastfeeding practices. Maternal anxiety was evaluated with the modified 12-item Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS), covering four domains: maternal competence and attachment, infant safety and welfare, practical infant care, and psychosocial adjustment to motherhood. Breastfeeding practices were assessed according to World Health Organization guidelines. The study found a high prevalence of maternal anxiety, with 88.8% of mothers experiencing mild to moderate anxiety and 11.2% reporting severe anxiety, particularly in domains related to infant safety and psychosocial adjustments. Breastfeeding practices varied with 81% of infants still being breastfed at the time of the interview, 76% of mothers initiating breastfeeding within the first hour postpartum, and 73% practicing exclusive breastfeeding. Statistical analyses, including Wilcoxon tests, revealed significant associations between elevated anxiety related to maternal competencies and delayed breastfeeding initiation (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Maternal anxiety related to infant safety and care was significantly correlated with exclusive breastfeeding practices (<i>p</i> = 0.013 and <i>p</i> = 0.030). These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to address maternal anxiety during the perinatal period to promote optimal breastfeeding practices and improve maternal-infant health outcomes. Routine screening for anxiety and comprehensive support from healthcare providers are crucial, especially in resource-constrained settings. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of maternal anxiety on breastfeeding and child development across diverse socio-cultural contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Cultural Validation of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale in Karnataka, India: Psychometric Testing Among 13–17-Year Olds","authors":"Amy Palmer,&nbsp;Daryl B. O'Connor,&nbsp;N. Janardhana,&nbsp;Prachi Khandeparkar,&nbsp;Poornima Bhola,&nbsp;Sphoorthi Prabhu,&nbsp;Krupa A. L.,&nbsp;Mutharaju Arelingaiah,&nbsp;Jayalaxmi K. P.,&nbsp;Ritwika Nag,&nbsp;Siobhan Hugh-Jones","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving youth mental health is a national priority in India, especially given the very high rates of youth suicide. Yet, mental health prevalence data in India are often incomplete. More culturally validated mental health measures are needed to inform prevention and intervention work. The Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-47) is a widely used measure of mental health globally, including in India, but it is yet to be culturally validated there. This study presents the second stage (of two) of the cultural validation of the RCADS-47 in a sample of Indian adolescents (<i>n</i> = 332; <i>M</i>age = 14.81 years). Participants completed a revised version of the RCADS-47 (K-RCADS), alongside comparative measures. Psychometric testing for convergent and discriminant validity, alongside factor analysis, was conducted. The K-RCADS had good psychometric properties; high internal reliability (<i>α</i> = 0.89) and good construct validity when compared to measures of similar constructs (<i>r</i> = 0.51–0.69). Support was found for five of the six original RCADS factors. Findings suggest confidence in the rephrased RCADS-47 ability to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression among Indian adolescents, alongside highlighting the importance of culturally validating measures of mental health. Further research in this validation is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Differences on Affective, Cognitive, and Psychiatric Measures: Evidence From a British-Chinese Comparison","authors":"Boyin Feng,&nbsp;Rosanna Sheehan,&nbsp;Priyanka Utama,&nbsp;Yixuan Wang,&nbsp;Jiamin Bao,&nbsp;Oliver J. Robinson,&nbsp;Yinyin Zang,&nbsp;Christina O. Carlisi","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individuals worldwide share basic affective and cognitive abilities, and receive mental health diagnoses using similar scales. However, these measures have been predominantly developed and validated in Western contexts. Here, we compared British (<i>N</i> = 187; age 19–73 years) and Chinese participants (<i>N</i> = 194; age 19–60 years) on behavioral tasks of facial emotion recognition and sustained attention, evaluating affect and cognition, as well as mental health measures of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and impulsivity. Comparing British and Chinese populations is particularly important as they represent distinct cultural traditions in emotional expression, cognitive processing, and mental health conceptualization. We found that British participants were significantly better at recognizing emotions, especially negative ones; while Chinese participants showed higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms, driven primarily by the number-meaning item, the tendency to assign significance to numerical information. The groups showed negligible differences in sustained attention and other mental health measures. This study provides novel evidence that culture has a greater influence on affective abilities than cognitive ones, and highlights concerns about cultural biases in established mental health scales. However, these findings may not generalize beyond British and Chinese populations, which calls for broader cross-cultural research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promise and Imperative for School Behavioral Health Research to Promote Youth Mental Health Parity","authors":"Katherine A. Perkins","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In response to the call for a research agenda to eliminate youth mental health disparities, this paper presents a purposive review of five areas of promise and concern for the amelioration of disparities in school settings: (1) mental health stigma, (2) behavioral health screening and referral disparities, (3) behavioral health treatment and outcome disparities, (4) socially and culturally responsive practices, and (5) alternatives to disparity-reproducing school discipline and carceral behavioral health systems. Each topic is placed in context with current advances in the study of multitiered systems of support (MTSS) frameworks, particularly the Interconnected Systems Framework (ISF) for integrating behavioral health personnel, expertise, and practice in schools, emphasizing the enormous opportunity and importance of school-based behavioral health systems research for youth mental health parity. Three approaches to research are highlighted with rationale for their likelihood to contribute to both youth mental health parity and to mutually beneficial research production, use, and participation in communities: Community-partnered research (such as community-based participatory research), research–practice partnerships, and research–policy partnerships. Recommendations are made for congruent research, training, and funding structures necessitated by these high impact approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Depression, Parental Reflective Functioning, and Emotional Responses to Infant Crying: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Christine Firk","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maternal depressive symptoms are highly prevalent postpartum and have been shown to negatively impact maternal caregiving. The emotional response to infant crying has been shown to predict individual differences in the quality of caregiving behavior. Parental reflective functioning, that is, the ability to understand and reflect on the infant's mental states, may aid in understanding infant distress signals and thereby also regulating negative emotions in response to infant crying. Therefore, the first aim of the current study was to investigate differences in emotional responses to infant crying and parental reflective functioning in mothers with clinically relevant symptoms of depression compared to mothers without clinically relevant symptoms of depression and second to test whether an association between depressive symptoms and emotional responses to infant crying is mediated by parental reflective functioning. Mothers with infants between 1 and 12 months of age who participated in an online survey about the developing parent−infant relationship in Germany were included in the present study. Depressive symptoms, parental reflective functioning, and emotional responses to infant crying were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), and the My Emotions Questionnaire. A total of 25.1% (<i>n</i> = 148) of mothers reported clinically relevant depressive symptoms, whereas 74.9% (<i>n</i> = 441) reported no or only mild symptoms. Mothers with clinically relevant depressive symptoms showed increased emotional reactivity to infant crying and less optimal parental reflective functioning compared to mothers without clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Further, the association between maternal depressive symptoms and negative emotional responses like anxiety and frustration in response to infant crying was partly mediated by dimensions of parental reflective functioning. The findings indicate that the incorporation of parental reflective functioning in early parenting programs, particularly for mothers experiencing depressive symptoms or at risk for depression, may be a critical factor in promoting sensitive caregiving.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Burnout in the General Population of France: Comparing the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory","authors":"Lucia Romo,&nbsp;Oulmann Zerhouni,&nbsp;Stéphanie Nann,&nbsp;Erwan Rebuffe,&nbsp;Samantha Tessier,&nbsp;Chloé Touzé,&nbsp;Laurent Cruchet,&nbsp;Clément Duret","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.97","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Burnout is an occupational phenomenon that arises from the unsuccessful management of chronic job stress. Accurate measures of burnout are vital for the implementation of effective interventions. However, existing tools, such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), have demonstrated variability in their assessments. This study aims to compare the MBI and CBI to determine which tool provides a more reliable and comprehensive measure of burnout in the general population of France. The secondary objective was to identify key predictors of work exhaustion in the general population. Residents of mainland France participated in an online anonymous survey that collected data on their demographic and job-related characteristics, including job satisfaction and work exhaustion. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analyses. Emotional exhaustion (in the MBI) was strongly associated with work exhaustion and personal, work-related and client-related burnout dimensions of the CBI. Correlations of participants' perceptions of work exhaustion with the CBI, MBI, and their dimensions showed a stronger correlation with CBI (<i>r</i> = 0.408 vs. 0.296; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that emotional exhaustion (MBI) and personal burnout (CBI) were significant predictors of work exhaustion, while depersonalization (MBI) was negatively associated, highlighting the distinct contributions of MBI and CBI in assessing burnout. This study provides valuable insights into the complex relationships among the MBI, CBI, and work exhaustion and highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to better understand and address the phenomenon of burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Bipolar Disorder Worked With in NHS Talking Therapies, and What Are the Views of Staff and Service Users? Results From a Linked Staff and Service User Survey and Freedom of Information Request","authors":"Thomas Richardson,&nbsp;Kim Wright,&nbsp;Rebecca Strawbridge,&nbsp;Jon Wheatley,&nbsp;YeeHin Chong","doi":"10.1002/mhs2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>CBT is effective for Bipolar Disorder (BD), however there is often poor access. Despite IAPT-SMI pilot sites, there has been no roll out of CBT for BD in NHS Talking Therapies Services. This study aimed to examine the extent to which BD is seen in these services. A survey was conducted of 147 service users with BD and 106 staff. A freedom of information request was also responded to by 48 NHS trusts. Forty-nine percent of those with BD had tried to access NHS Talking Therapies, with this being before a formal diagnosis for 42% of those who had tried to access. 29% were told that they could not be worked with as they had BD. Main reasons for referral were depression followed by anxiety disorders and PTSD. Staff surveys and FOI requests showed that relapse prevention work was rarely conducted with BD though comorbid conditions in particular anxiety and PTSD were often treated. BD was rarely routinely screened for, and staff were rarely trained about working with BD specifically. FOI requests showed that a formal BD diagnosis made up only 0.2% of overall referrals, with those with BD being significantly more likely to be discharged after an initial assessment (OR = 4.69). There are few people with a formal BD diagnosis seen within NHS Talking Therapies services, however, increased screening may help with earlier diagnosis of those who present with depression. Comorbid anxiety and PTSD are usually worked with in these services. Staff have limited confidence and additional training is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94140,"journal":{"name":"Mental health science","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mhs2.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}