Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Designing a performance-based payment model for physicians at outpatient clinics contracted with Iran health insurance: a case study from Iran.","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Eghbali, Hasan Abolghasem Gorji, Jalal Arabloo, Mariano Martini, Masoud Behzadifar, Hamid Pourasghari","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3497","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Providing quality healthcare services relies on capable physicians with high performance levels. A performance-based payment system can enhance physician productivity, clinical service quality, and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to design a performance-based payment model for physicians in outpatient clinics contracted with the Iran Health Insurance Organization, tailored to its specific context and structure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. Through a literature review and expert interviews, 47 performance indicators and 18 selection criteria were identified. These indicators were reviewed in expert panels, and 49 questionnaires were used to prioritize them based on health insurance structures. The final indicators were categorized into current, transitional, and desired statuses, aligned with organizational infrastructures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified 24 key indicators, including 9 for general physicians and 13 for specialized physicians. These indicators covered aspects such as the average number of prescribed medications, electronic prescription usage, per capita diagnostic procedures, timely physician presence, patient complaints, work history, guideline adherence, electronic record completion, patient satisfaction, training participation, and test prescription rates. Each indicator was detailed with a title, formula, standard, data collection method, and source.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed performance-based payment model, utilizing the selected indicators, can guide physicians toward achieving organizational goals such as cost reduction, process efficiency, and improved patient satisfaction. By clarifying expe tations and assessing various performance dimensions, the model provides a framework for enhancing physician performance and aligning it with the objectives of the Health Insurance Organization. Policymakers can use this model to drive systemic improvements in healthcare delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E126-E137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Analysis of the HLS₁₉-Q12 Health Literacy Questionnaire: insights from an Italian Pilot Study.","authors":"Sara Maria Pani, Stefania Matta, Matteo Fraschini, Claudia Sardu, Alessandra Mereu, Paolo Contu","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3520","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread use of the internet and social media has transformed how people access health information impacting health literacy. Health literacy, the ability to access, understand, and use health information, is crucial to promote and maintain good health. This study is the first exploring with network analysis the correlation and distribution of the items of the Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-Q) 12 short form to verify their correspondence to the principal domains of the health literacy conceptual model proposed by Sorensen et al. in 2013.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A digital version of the Italian HLS19-Q12 questionnaire was distributed online through social media and informal channels in May 2024. The sample consisted of 352 participants from the metropolitan area of Cagliari, Italy. Network analysis was employed to examine the clustering and relationships between the questionnaire items, via JASP using the Ising Fit method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key findings include significant difficulties in accessing professional help and understanding medical emergencies. Network centrality measures highlighted the prominence of items related to understanding medical emergencies and making health decisions. Three clusters corresponding to healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion, were visually identified with the last two closely interconnected. The item \"making decisions to improve health\" is crucial, acting as a bridge between clusters. Some items traditionally belonging to one domain shifted to another.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The network analysis provided a clear depiction of health literacy as complex system, emphasizing interactions. Health literacy involves accessing, evaluating, and applying information, with empowerment playing a key role according to our findings. By addressing identified needs and focusing on prominent items, healthcare professionals and policymakers can enhance health literacy and improve health outcomes for individuals and communities. This pilot study's findings could benefit future research and interventions to improve health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E9-E19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The summer colonies: 'custodians' of the health of the young. Prophylaxis of infectious diseases and educational purposes in the reports of the school medical inspector Benedetto Barni (1893-1970) in the 1950s.","authors":"Mariano Martini, Fabiola Zurlini, Donatella Panatto, Davide Orsini","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3483","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Starting from the 1950s, climatic-prophylactic colonies for children took on characteristics that were partly different from those of their predecessors. From their origins until the years immediately following the Second World War, these facilities had the stated aims of education, prevention and cure for poor and malnourished children. In the mid-20th century, however, a change took place; the colonies no longer catered exclusively for the less privileged and most fragile, but rather for an economically and culturally heterogeneous population, while still maintaining the purpose of health prevention and promotion in childhood and adolescence. The number of agencies involved in organizing the colonies increased, and large companies also participated. Similarly, the annual number of children who spent a period of time in the colonies grew steadily, owing to intense migration towards the cities, increased female employment and holiday closures of large factories during the month of August. The authors recount this historical transition on the basis of the experience of the Sienese doctor Benedetto Barni (1893-1970) and the unpublished reports that he produced during his time as a school medical inspector. Against the backdrop of the teaching of the great hygienist and initiator of preventive medicine Achille Sclavo, who was Benedetto Barni's mentor, these reports testify to an everyday activity made up of real contacts with the people and with the territory; this enabled Barni to understand the social and healthcare problems facing the country and to try to work out a solution to them from the standpoint of preventative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E138-E144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hard-to-heal wound: a case study on the collaboration between nonprofit and Public Health Sector in Southern Italy.","authors":"Virginia Gatto, Emanuele Longo, Alessandro Lamberti-Castronuovo, Sauro Forni, Giulia Russo","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3337","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a case study of the barriers to care faced by a 44-year-old patient from Ivory Coast who has been living in Italy for 15 years. The patient visited his general practitioner (GP) in his neighborhood in southern Italy, seeking treatment for a complex workplace-related hand injury for which parenteral antibiotic therapy was recommended. During the medical examination, the physician also diagnosed the patient with diabetes mellitus and prescribed specialist examinations (i.e., diabetology, physiatry, surgery). Even if the patient was a regular resident in Italy, he encountered difficulties in navigating the health system to obtain the recommended services (i.e., administration of parenteral antibiotic therapy, serial dressings for the wound, booking several medical appointments). The local office of the Italian non-governmental organization EMERGENCY (EMR) stepped in to support the patient in facilitating the health system navigation and collaborated with his GP on a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. The course was regular and the patient did not develop any complications (i.e., gangrene, sepsis). The synergy between EMR, the patient, and his GP has resulted in (1) an effective clinical pathway, (2) reduced barriers to access, and (3) increased patient empowerment. However, this approach proved to be extremely resource-intensive. Organizing these resources with more planning and forethought would have granted many more patients access to care. If the SSN were to provide comprehensive healthcare to all patients without relying on the presence of NGOs, outcomes for marginalized individuals would improve significantly, and healthcare resources would be utilized more efficiently and sustainably.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E56-E60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and Social Considerations upon Tuberculosis.","authors":"Elena Varotto, Mariano Martini, Mauro Vaccarezza, Valentina Vittori, Joanna Mietlińska-Sauter, Rossella Gelsi, Francesco Maria Galassi, Veronica Papa","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3465","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present article offers a concise perspective on tuberculosis (TB) ranging from antiquity to the present day and highlights the dangerousness of the disease in the light of its historical manifestations and current antibiotic resistance. Reflections on the social and economic impact of tuberculosis are presented together with notes on TB's interplay with malnutrition and the social stigma linked to this disease in modern times. Different types of evidence from palaeopathological to artistic ones are offered and the need for a more comprehensive understanding on the disease's history and evolution is stressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E145-E152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italian Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Medical Doctor Residents' interest in a Preventive Medicine Physician: a national survey.","authors":"Gerardo Altamura, Antonio Lorenzon, Paola Fioretti, Giuseppa Granvillano, Emanuele Guarise, Emanuele LA Gatta, Elisa Lorenzini, Marco Uncini, Mario Cesare Nurchus","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3211","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The growing importance of Preventive Medicine is creating a need for specialised professional figures, that are often missing in the actual national and international contexts. This study aimed to assess attitudes, knowledge, and compliance with preventive measures of the Italian physicians specializing in this field, addressing the unrecognized significance of the figure of a prevention expert in Italy and the inadequate training in this Public Health branch.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between May 1 and May 31, 2023, an online survey was administered to approximately 200 Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Residents (HPMMDR), covering demographic data, health behaviours, training and interests in Preventive Medicine and in undergoing a visit of a \"preventive doctor\". The collected data were cross-referenced to understand which variables were most related to knowledge and interests in this field. Statistical analyses included parametric tests, hierarchical cluster analysis, and ordered logit regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographically, 57.0% were female, median age 31, with central Italy having the highest representation (52.3%). Analyses revealed associations between demographics, health behaviors, and attitudes. Ordered logit regression showed a significant correlation (OR = 11.3, p = 0.03) between a healthier lifestyle and belief in specialists' usefulness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the lack of recognition and insufficient education, the study unveiled substantial interest and willingness to learn among HPMMDRs in Italy. Findings emphasize the need for recognizing shared priorities and implementing actions for effective Preventive Medicine interventions, guiding future research and policy decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E20-E30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Impact of Infection Prevention Procedures in Long-Term Care Facilities.","authors":"Federico Viti, Alessandra Cartocci, Roberto Perinti, Giovanni Guarducci, Nicola Nante","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3392","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant healthcare complication, with major implications for public health. In the EU/EEA, up to 2.6 million new HAIs cases occur annually, causing significant burdens and economic costs. In Italy, the prevalence of HAIs is rising due to factors like invasive devices, antibiotic resistance, and poor infection control. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of HAIs containment practices in long-term care facilities (LTCF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included eight LTCF inspected by Prevention Technicians of the Local Health Authority Tuscany South-East (LHA-TSE) in 2023. The study evaluated non-compliance in procedures for legionellosis prevention, cleaning and disinfection, laundry management, management of pans, HAIs prevention, healthcare tools disinfection, and hairdressing services. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Mann Whitney test to compare infection rates with procedure compliance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, 606 infections were reported in the eight enrolled LTCF. The most frequent infections were COVID-19 (19.4%), urinary tract infections (16.9%), pharyngitis (15.6%), and influenza-like illness (ILI) (15%). For the \"Laundry Procedure,\" 3 LTCF were compliant and 5 were not, showing a significant relationship with influenza syndromes (p = 0.02) and surgical site infections (p = 0.04). For the \"Cleaning Check\" procedure, non-compliance was linked to higher fungal infections (p = 0.01) and gastroenteritis (p = 0.04). The \"Disinfection of Health Tools procedure showed non-compliance correlated with higher gastroenteritis (p = 0.04) and conjunctivitis (p = 0.01). Gastrointestinal infections from <i>Clostridium difficile</i> were linked to non-compliance with \"HAIs Procedures Routes\" (p = 0.04), \"Pans\" processes (p = 0.04), and cleanliness in the hairdressing service (p = 0.04). Herpes simplex or Herpes zoster infections were higher in LTCF with non-compliant hairdressing service rooms (p = 0.02). Two legionellosis cases were recorded in LTCF with reported non-compliance in analytical procedures for Legionellosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis showed significant correlations between cleanliness procedures and reductions in fungal infections, gastroenteritis, and ear infections. Compliance in laundry procedures was linked to ILI and surgical site infections. Non-compliance in healthcare tools correlated with higher rates of gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis, highlighting the need for stronger practices. The data suggest that effective prevention measures reduce HAIs, though discrepancies in implementation across facilities call for standardization and continuous monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E75-E83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of Tuberculosis in a province of a low incidence country: epidemiological differences between Italy-born, regular foreigner and irregular foreigner TB cases.","authors":"Fabio Contarino, Francesca Bella, Erminio DI Pietro, Concetta Randazzo, Maria Lia Contrino","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3233","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1.3233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) represent a serious public health issue even in most developed countries, where TB cases are mostly concentrated in some risk groups, like immigrants from high-incidence TB countries. Aim of the study was to describe the occurrence of TB in Siracusa Local Health Authority (Italy) and to explore its determinants in three different populations: Italy-born, regular foreigner and irregular foreigner.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases were classified per patient origin and legal ground: Italy-born (IB); regular foreigners (REF); irregular foreigners (IRF). All the notifications were evaluated and uploaded to the Notification System of Infectious Diseases (PREMAL) by the Epidemiology Unit of the Prevention Department of Siracusa LHA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 183 TB cases were detected: 72 (39.3%) were Italy-born, 26 (14.2%) were regular foreigners and 85 (46.5%) were irregular foreigners. Overall, foreign-born cases (regularly and irregularly residents) accounted for 60.7% of all cases. We demonstrated significative differences in epidemiological, demographic and clinical features among the three different groups.Furthermore, we registered a decrease in TB notifications of 59.5% among Italy-born patients, 46.0% among regular foreigners and 95.5% among irregular foreigners, who, however, remain the population group with the highest incidence of tuberculosis in Siracusa LHA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TB control in migrants is considered key to achieving TB elimination in low TB incidence countries, in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO)'s End TB Strategy, that set ambitious targets for 2020-2035, including 90% reduction in TB incidence and 95% reduction in TB deaths by 2035, compared with 2015.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1","pages":"E67-E74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Health Technology Assessment</i> del vaccino antinfluenzale quadrivalente adiuvato Fluad Tetra^®: <i>update</i>.","authors":"Giovanna Elisa Calabrò, Andrea Orsi, Alexander Dominich, Andrea Pugliese, Vincenzo Paolozzi, Floriana D'Ambrosio, Anna Nistico', Roberto Ricciardi, Sara Sottile, Francesca DI Serafino, Caterina Rizzo, Walter Ricciardi","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1s2","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2025.66.1s2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1 Suppl 2","pages":"E1-E56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atti 57° Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e Sanità Pubblica (SItI): Palermo, 23-26 ottobre 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2026.66.1s1","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2026.66.1s1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":"66 1 Suppl 1","pages":"E1-E522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}