Italian Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Medical Doctor Residents' interest in a Preventive Medicine Physician: a national survey.

Abstract

Introduction: The growing importance of Preventive Medicine is creating a need for specialised professional figures, that are often missing in the actual national and international contexts. This study aimed to assess attitudes, knowledge, and compliance with preventive measures of the Italian physicians specializing in this field, addressing the unrecognized significance of the figure of a prevention expert in Italy and the inadequate training in this Public Health branch.

Methods: Between May 1 and May 31, 2023, an online survey was administered to approximately 200 Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Residents (HPMMDR), covering demographic data, health behaviours, training and interests in Preventive Medicine and in undergoing a visit of a "preventive doctor". The collected data were cross-referenced to understand which variables were most related to knowledge and interests in this field. Statistical analyses included parametric tests, hierarchical cluster analysis, and ordered logit regression.

Results: Demographically, 57.0% were female, median age 31, with central Italy having the highest representation (52.3%). Analyses revealed associations between demographics, health behaviors, and attitudes. Ordered logit regression showed a significant correlation (OR = 11.3, p = 0.03) between a healthier lifestyle and belief in specialists' usefulness.

Conclusion: Despite the lack of recognition and insufficient education, the study unveiled substantial interest and willingness to learn among HPMMDRs in Italy. Findings emphasize the need for recognizing shared priorities and implementing actions for effective Preventive Medicine interventions, guiding future research and policy decisions.