California Agriculture最新文献_第9页

“Like every other industry” — An on-the-ground perspective on Proposition 64 “像其他行业一样”——64号提案的实地考察

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0012

L. Crowder

引用次数: 0

A concise cannabis guide: History, laws and regulations 简明的大麻指南:历史，法律和法规

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0022

L. Crowder

引用次数: 2

CalCannabis: Regulating a previously unregulated industry 加州大麻:规范一个以前不受监管的行业

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0020

L. Crowder

引用次数: 0

Restrictions and opportunities for UC cannabis research 加州大学大麻研究的限制和机会

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0023

L. Crowder

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of farms applying for cannabis cultivation permits 申请大麻种植许可证的农场特点

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0019

Benjamin Schwab, A. Wartenberg, V. Butsic

引用次数: 9

Cannabis farmers or criminals? Enforcement-first approaches fuel disparity and hinder regulation 大麻种植者还是罪犯？执法优先处理燃料差距并阻碍监管

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0017

M. Polson, Margiana Petersen-Rockney

{"title":"Cannabis farmers or criminals? Enforcement-first approaches fuel disparity and hinder regulation","authors":"M. Polson, Margiana Petersen-Rockney","doi":"10.3733/ca.2019a0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2019a0017","url":null,"abstract":"Since California's cannabis legalization, localities have played a central role in determining the regulatory terms of where, how and within what legal bounds cannabis cultivation occurs. Siskiyou County, a rural, conservative and majority white county in Northern California, chose not to recognize cannabis cultivation as agriculture. It drew up highly restrictive cannabis cultivation regulations, largely under the purview of law enforcement rather than civil agencies. Hmong-American cultivators, made highly visible through enforcement practices, policy forums and media discourses, have borne the brunt of this regulatory regime. Cannabis policy, especially in its ethnic-racial dimensions, has become symbolic of broader anxieties about cultural and agricultural change. We employed ethnographic methods to research the formation and enforcement of Siskiyou's restrictive cannabis cultivation regulations, and their differential effects across local populations. We found that the county's law enforcement–first regulatory approach blurred civil and criminal lines, made some cultivators more visible and vulnerable to enforcement, and promoted criminalizing approaches to cultivators, even among civil regulatory agencies. These developments hinder the ability of agencies (including the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife) to ameliorate negative social and ecological effects of cannabis cultivation through civil regulation, support and services.","PeriodicalId":9409,"journal":{"name":"California Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43677164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Costs of mandatory cannabis testing in California 加州强制大麻检测费用

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0014

P. Valdes-Donoso, D. Sumner, Robin S. Goldstein

{"title":"Costs of mandatory cannabis testing in California","authors":"P. Valdes-Donoso, D. Sumner, Robin S. Goldstein","doi":"10.3733/ca.2019a0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2019a0014","url":null,"abstract":"Every batch of cannabis sold legally in California must be tested for more than 100 contaminants. These contaminants include 66 pesticides, for 21 of which the state's tolerance is zero. For many other substances, tolerance levels are much lower than those allowed for food products in California. This article reviews the state's testing regulations in context, including maximum allowable tolerance levels — and uses primary data collected from California's major cannabis testing laboratories and several cannabis testing equipment manufacturers, as well as a variety of expert opinions, to estimate the cost per pound of testing under the state's framework. We also estimate the cost of collecting samples, which depends on the distance between cannabis distributors and laboratories. We find that, if a batch fails mandatory tests, the value of cannabis that must be destroyed accounts for a large share of total testing costs — more than the cost of the tests that laboratories perform. Findings from this article will help readers understand the effects of California's testing regime on the price of legal cannabis in the state — and understand how testing may add value to products that have passed a series of tests that aim to validate their safety.","PeriodicalId":9409,"journal":{"name":"California Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45964837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Perceptions of cannabis among Humboldt County timberland and ranchland owners 洪堡县林地和牧场主对大麻的认知

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0010

Y. Valachovic, Lenya Quinn-Davidson, J. Stackhouse, Butsic

{"title":"Perceptions of cannabis among Humboldt County timberland and ranchland owners","authors":"Y. Valachovic, Lenya Quinn-Davidson, J. Stackhouse, Butsic","doi":"10.3733/ca.2019a0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2019a0010","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is often grown on agricultural and forest lands in California, but little is known about the adjustments that traditional agriculture and timber producers are making to their livelihoods as cannabis becomes legal under state law. Our goal in this research was to better understand how larger landowners, whose families have often produced timber and cattle for generations, are experiencing increased cannabis production in their areas — and also to better understand these landowners' perceptions of the impacts of cannabis, whether positive or negative, on their communities. To accomplish this, we surveyed landowners who owned at least 500 acres in Humboldt County, an area that — more than 40 years ago — became one of the first California counties to begin experiencing expansive cannabis cultivation. Of the 211 landowners we invited to complete a survey, 71 responded, providing insights into their experiences with and perceptions of cannabis production. Many survey respondents reported illegal cultivation on their properties, problems with shared roads and other direct negative effects of cannabis production. Most landowners also reported that cannabis production has increased the cost of labor, though they acknowledge that it has increased the value of their property as well. Survey respondents, however, have not changed their views of cannabis with legalization. The findings of this study illustrate some of the challenges involved in developing land use ordinances and other policies that can support multiple industries whose interests may be in competition.","PeriodicalId":9409,"journal":{"name":"California Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42802866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Watering the Emerald Triangle: Irrigation sources used by cannabis cultivators in Northern California 浇灌翡翠三角:北加州大麻种植者使用的灌溉来源

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0011

Christopher Dillis, T. Grantham, Connor McIntee, B. McFadin, Kason Grady

{"title":"Watering the Emerald Triangle: Irrigation sources used by cannabis cultivators in Northern California","authors":"Christopher Dillis, T. Grantham, Connor McIntee, B. McFadin, Kason Grady","doi":"10.3733/ca.2019a0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2019a0011","url":null,"abstract":"Water use by cannabis cultivators represents an emerging threat to surface flows in Northern California's sensitive watersheds. To date, however, no data has been available to formally assess where cannabis sites source their water. This study analyzed data from annual reports, covering the year 2017, submitted by 901 cannabis cultivators enrolled in the Cannabis Waste Discharge Regulatory Program administered by the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. The analysis identified cannabis cultivators' most common sources for water extraction, monthly patterns for each water source and differences between sites compliant and not compliant with the cannabis program. The most commonly reported source of water was wells (58% of sites), with most extraction from wells occurring during the growing season (April through October). Surface water diversions (22% of sites) and spring diversions (16% of sites) were the most common sources after wells, with extractions from these sources distributed much more evenly across the year. Although nearly one-third of noncompliant sites (33%) used wells, this source was more than twice as frequently reported among compliant sites (68%), indicating that wells may become increasingly common as more sites become part of the regulated cannabis industry.","PeriodicalId":9409,"journal":{"name":"California Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48162110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Retail cannabis prices in California through legalization, regulation and taxation 通过合法化、监管和税收，加州的大麻零售价格

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

California Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3733/ca.2019a0025

Robin S. Goldstein, D. Sumner, Allie Fafard

引用次数: 3