Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第10页

Effect on the likelihood ratio when under- and over-assigning the number of contributors to higher order mixtures. 对高阶混合的贡献者数量分配不足和过多时对似然比的影响。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70436

Lies Janssens, Georgia Nichol, Duncan A Taylor, Paul Stafford-Allen, John S Buckleton, Jo-Anne Bright

{"title":"Effect on the likelihood ratio when under- and over-assigning the number of contributors to higher order mixtures.","authors":"Lies Janssens, Georgia Nichol, Duncan A Taylor, Paul Stafford-Allen, John S Buckleton, Jo-Anne Bright","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70436","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of highly sensitive multiplex kits has resulted in the more common observation of low-level and more complex (multiple contributors) DNA profiles within forensic casework. With the emergence of probabilistic genotyping software these complex DNA mixture profiles can now be interpreted. This has led to a shift in questioning within courtroom settings, where the number of contributors (NoC) assigned by the forensic DNA analyst is now often scrutinized. This study aims to assess the likelihood ratio (LR) behavior for the under- and over-assignment of a range of complex mixtures, including six-person mixtures, using the probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™. The mixtures were analyzed using FaSTR™ DNA and a NoC was \"blindly\" assigned by an analyst (i.e., without prior knowledge of the experimental design). LRs obtained for true contributors and non-contributors, under different NoC assignments, were compared and showed that overestimating NoC may lead to weak adventitious matches, while underestimating can lead to the false exclusions of true contributors. Little effect was observed on the LR assigned to the major contributors to these complex mixtures. Moreover, as the profile complexity increased (higher order mixtures), the impact on the LR for true contributors, when underestimating NoC by one, diminished, with only 35 of the 72 comparisons (~49%) resulting in a smaller LR for the under-assignment. It is paramount for DNA analysts to understand the LR behavior especially when questioned on the witness stand regarding their NoC assignment, as there is no ability to reassess or reinterpret the evidence in real-time.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of adhesive tapes and stamps for touch DNA collection from textile substrates. 纺织品基材触觉DNA采集用胶带和图章的比较评价。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70451

Janine Schulte, Janne Berger, Alina Senst, Sarah Kron, Iris Schulz

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of adhesive tapes and stamps for touch DNA collection from textile substrates.","authors":"Janine Schulte, Janne Berger, Alina Senst, Sarah Kron, Iris Schulz","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70451","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial proportion of forensic evidence consists of skin or contact traces, commonly referred to as touch DNA. The collection of such biological material remains challenging due to its invisibility and low abundance. Further, depending on substrate type and surface properties, different recovery methods are employed, with adhesive tapes and stamps commonly applied to textile evidence. Although tape lifting is routine in many jurisdictions, limited data exist on the relative efficiency of adhesive materials, the optimal number of lifts, and their comparative performance in touch DNA recovery from textiles. To address the gap, this study evaluated four commercially available adhesive tapes/stamps for touch DNA collection from fabrics. A high DNA-shedding volunteer deposited touch DNA on cotton, denim, and, unexamined fleece in replicates (n = 360) using DNA Tape, Scene Safe Fast™ Minitapes, Force-Forex Adhesive Stamp, and DNA Stub Recording Stamp, as well as standard and increased lysis buffer volumes. No statistically significant differences were observed in DNA yield or STR profile quality among tapes, though substrate type notably influenced DNA recovery, and handling differences among products were noticed. Touch DNA deposition on denim showed high intraindividual variability. Increased lysis buffer volume did not alter extraction efficiency. Considering both performance and usability, the DNA Tape remained the preferred option in this DNA laboratory, while the DNA Stub Recording Stamp represented a practical alternative for on-site police collection.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic characterization of transparent traces: A spectroscopic and chemometric approach to discriminate clear lip glosses using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. 透明痕迹的法医表征：使用ATR-FTIR光谱区分透明唇彩的光谱和化学计量方法。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70443

Nisha Rani, Dimple Bhatia, Harleen Kaur, Rajinder Singh

{"title":"Forensic characterization of transparent traces: A spectroscopic and chemometric approach to discriminate clear lip glosses using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.","authors":"Nisha Rani, Dimple Bhatia, Harleen Kaur, Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70443","url":null,"abstract":"Clear or unpigmented lip gloss, in particular, has become quite popular among people of all genders. Their unpigmented characteristics make them less noticeable at the crime scene; thus, they are less likely to be intentionally removed by the perpetrators. Therefore, in the present study, 20 brands of clear lip gloss were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Five out of 20 brands exhibited distinct spectral patterns and could be differentiated visually; however, the remaining 16 brands were grouped into five categories. Trend analysis was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), and samples within each group were found to be either clustered or located close to each other on the PCA plot. Further, for the discrimination of lip gloss samples, the support vector machine (SVM) method was employed. 97.5% of training as well as cross-validation accuracy was achieved. To ensure the reliability of the model, external validation and a blind test were also performed, which yielded 90% and 100% prediction accuracy, respectively. Moreover, substrate study on various porous and non-porous substrates in the time interval of 1 day, 7 days, and 15 days was also conducted. Non-porous substrates (ceramic, steel, plastic) did not affect the classification of samples and allowed for accurate sample classification (100%) for up to 15 days. However, samples on porous substrates were poorly classified. Therefore, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric classification can potentially be used in real-world cases where questioned samples could be linked to their source and offer investigative leads.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explainable copy-move forgery detection in videos: Generative adversarial network-based transfer learning and multi-aspect transformer with shuffle attention. 视频中可解释的复制-移动伪造检测：基于生成对抗网络的迁移学习与洗牌注意的多向变形。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70437

M Raghavendra Reddy, C Anbu Ananth, B Santhosh Kumar

{"title":"Explainable copy-move forgery detection in videos: Generative adversarial network-based transfer learning and multi-aspect transformer with shuffle attention.","authors":"M Raghavendra Reddy, C Anbu Ananth, B Santhosh Kumar","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70437","url":null,"abstract":"With the nascent reliance on unmanned aerial systems as a means of surveillance, security, and monitoring, it is essential to ensure that video data legitimacy is assured. Object-based Copy-Move Forgery (CMF), in which an object is either copied or moved in the frame or across a frame to alter the visual description, is one of the major threats to video integrity. Such manipulations are a problem for traditional detection methods because object motion, occlusion, and irregular background are complex. This research presents an interpretable and robust deep learning architecture to identify such forgeries, that is, a combination of transfer learning with a new Multi-Aspect Fossa Graph Transformer enhanced with Shuffle Attention (MAFGTN-SA). To achieve this, a better generative adversarial network, which is built upon GoogLeNet, is used to extract deep spatial-semantic features using normalized grayscale video frames. These characteristics are then represented by MAFGTN-SA to represent complex object relationships between the frames and spatial inconsistencies to accurately classify genuine and tampered frames. In order to increase interpretability, the model incorporates Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) for saliency-based visualization of tampered regions. Experimental evaluations on three benchmark datasets, SULFA, GRIP, VTD, CG-1050 v2.0, and COVERAGE, validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, attaining an accuracy of 98.73%, 96.78%, 98.45%, 97.92%, and 97.36%, respectively, and with high F1-scores of 98.73%, 98.5%, 97.98%, 97.41%, and 96.93%. The results highlight the framework's superior detection capability, reliability, and explainability across diverse video forgery scenarios.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Firearm sexual homicide offenders: Criminal careers, psychopathology, and offense conduct. 持枪性杀人罪犯：犯罪生涯、精神病理学和犯罪行为。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70441

Matt DeLisi, Heng Choon Oliver Chan, Pedro Pechorro, Matthew W Logan

{"title":"Firearm sexual homicide offenders: Criminal careers, psychopathology, and offense conduct.","authors":"Matt DeLisi, Heng Choon Oliver Chan, Pedro Pechorro, Matthew W Logan","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70441","url":null,"abstract":"Most homicides are firearm-perpetrated, but in sexual homicide, offenders are more likely to utilize personal weapons (e.g., hands and feet), contact weapons (e.g., blunt object), or edged weapons (e.g., knife) to comport with their fantasy life, motivational states, and psychopathology. Despite these conceptual designations, epidemiological data suggest roughly 17% to 31% of sexual homicide offenders kill their victim with a firearm, yet we know surprisingly little about these offenders' criminal careers, psychopathology, and offense conduct. Drawing on a near-census of condemned capital murderers from a Western US state, we found just 8% are firearm sexual homicide offenders. Relative to sexual homicide offenders who did not use a firearm and other capital murderers, firearm sexual homicide offenders have more murder convictions, total arrests, and total convictions, are more likely Black, are more likely to rob and execute their victims, and are marginally more sexually sadistic. Offenders who kidnap their victims are 6.5 times more likely to be firearm sexual homicide offenders. Our findings add empirical granularity about the criminal history, psychological profile, and offense conduct of those who shoot their victims during sexual homicide.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of iTunSMPB metadata on decoded PCM stream hash reproducibility in iOS AAC audio recordings: A multi-phase experimental study. iTunSMPB元数据对iOS AAC录音中解码PCM流哈希重现性的影响：一项多阶段实验研究

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70452

Gregory S Wales, Maxwell Landis, Cassandra Stanton, Myra Vega

{"title":"Effects of iTunSMPB metadata on decoded PCM stream hash reproducibility in iOS AAC audio recordings: A multi-phase experimental study.","authors":"Gregory S Wales, Maxwell Landis, Cassandra Stanton, Myra Vega","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70452","url":null,"abstract":"Decoded pulse-code modulation (PCM) stream hashing is used for forensic content verification, yet its reliability depends on decoder output stability. This study examines whether the iTunes Seamless Playback (iTunSMPB) metadata field affects decoded PCM alignment and stream hash reproducibility in Advanced Audio Coding-Low Complexity (AAC-LC) recordings generated by iOS devices. A controlled dataset of 280 recordings was collected from seven iPhone models across multiple iOS versions. Eleven AAC-LC file pairs containing clean and tagged versions were analyzed to assess tag insertion conditions, decoded PCM alignment, signal integrity, system database behavior, and the effectiveness of metadata-only versus container-rewrite remediation workflows. The presence of the iTunSMPB field corresponded to reproducible reductions in leading zero-amplitude sample padding and associated SHA-256 decoded PCM stream hash mismatches in 8 of 11 AAC-LC pairs. Waveform, spectral, and quantitative integrity measures (LTASS, PCC, MQD) remained unchanged. Apple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC) recordings were unaffected regardless of tag presence. Metadata-only tag removal restored stream hash alignment for all affected files without altering container structure, whereas FFmpeg-based container rewriting restored 9 of 11 files and introduced structural changes in all cases. These findings demonstrate that decoded PCM stream hash mismatches can occur without audio editing and should not be interpreted as evidence of tampering without considering metadata state, container branding, and decoder behavior. Future work should expand testing to non-iOS AAC encoders, alternative decoders, and additional container variants, and develop decoder-independent PCM hashing methods robust to metadata-associated alignment effects.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New PMCT multi-indicator ossification standards for age estimation of the knee in modern Australian and North American children. 新的PMCT多指标骨化标准在现代澳大利亚和北美儿童的膝关节年龄估计。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70438

Taliah Swart, Clair Alston-Knox, Samantha K Rowbotham, Soren Blau, Nicolene Lottering

{"title":"New PMCT multi-indicator ossification standards for age estimation of the knee in modern Australian and North American children.","authors":"Taliah Swart, Clair Alston-Knox, Samantha K Rowbotham, Soren Blau, Nicolene Lottering","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70438","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal age estimation is crucial to medicolegal work, aiding subadult identification, and living age assessments in legal contexts. This study aims to document the ontogeny of knee skeletal indicators on post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT), and quantify interpopulation variation between modern American and Australian children. PMCT data from 402 Australian subadults from Victoria, Australia (228 males, 174 females), and 445 North American subadults from New Mexico (233 males, 202 females) were retrospectively accessed. Thin-slice data were visualized as multiplanar reconstructions, and an ordinal scoring system applied to 11 indicators on the femur, tibia, and fibula. High repeatability was exhibited by excellent intra-rater (ICC = 0.99) and good inter-rater (ICC = 0.89) agreement. Transition analysis produced maximum likelihood maturation estimates, with age parameters derived from a multivariable Bayesian model using 68-95% credible intervals. Active knee fusion occurred in Australian females aged 10-16 and males 12-18, with complete fusion of all sites no earlier than 14 and 16 years. North American females showed slightly later fusion (11-15 years), consistent with males (11-16 years). Sexual dimorphism was consistent in both subpopulations, and interpopulation differences were especially prominent in later adolescence to early adulthood for the epiphyses for males, but were not identified for most morphological indicators. Recalibrated, normative PMCT knee development standards are presented for Australian and North American subadults, identifying four indicators especially informative for age estimation across developmental profiles derived from a Bayesian cluster model. Our findings support use of population-specific standards, particularly in later fusion stages after 15-16 years, to improve accuracy in forensic and clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MobDedup: Mobile data deduplication for enhancing digital forensics. MobDedup：移动重复数据删除，增强数字取证。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70442

Priteshkumar Prajapati, Hiren Mewada, Parth Shah

{"title":"MobDedup: Mobile data deduplication for enhancing digital forensics.","authors":"Priteshkumar Prajapati, Hiren Mewada, Parth Shah","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70442","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphones provide crucial but duplicate information in forensic investigations. The major deduplication tools designed for the cloud ignore constraints on phone storage, power, data fragmentation, and dynamic handling, leading to processing delays and limiting their efficient use. It also affects evidence integrity and increases the potential risk of data leakage. This paper proposes a data deduplication technique for resource-constrained Android devices with limited computing power and memory. The use of the Blake2b-Hash Algorithm in the proposed deduplication algorithm reduces overhead and enables dynamic memory allocation. Multiple strategies were proposed and tested using a wide range of Smartphones. The proposed algorithm is validated based on file analysis time, device storage and memory utilization, and storage overhead. The paper also assesses the hash function's cryptographic robustness. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed method achieved a 45.90% processing time to identify 29.52% duplicate files. A 48.55% reduction in storage space was achieved, and battery consumption was reduced to 81.15% compared to MD5 and SHA224. It achieved up to 52.71% RAM optimization, along with only 0.0033% storage overhead to maintain the metadata of deleted files for forensic purposes. This proves the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed solutions in facilitating digital forensic analysis.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of forensic anthropology casework across two urban Midwest Medical Examiner's offices, 2013-2022. 2013-2022年中西部两个城市法医办公室的法医人类学案件比较。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70439

Erin B Waxenbaum, Lindsay H Trammell, Anne L Grauer

{"title":"A comparison of forensic anthropology casework across two urban Midwest Medical Examiner's offices, 2013-2022.","authors":"Erin B Waxenbaum, Lindsay H Trammell, Anne L Grauer","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70439","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic anthropology has garnered greater attention in the academic and medicolegal communities with more practitioners embedded in Medical Examiner's and Coroner's offices. Practitioners have varied roles and responsibilities, leaving few opportunities to compare the nature, breadth, and outcomes of their casework. Sharing data provides the foundations upon which resource distribution, planning, and needs assessment can be based, providing essential information for training the next generation of professionals. This study reports on casework conducted by three forensic anthropology practitioners across two Midwest Medical Examiner's jurisdictions. Between 2013 and 2022, forensic anthropologists working as consultants at the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office (CCMEO) completed 140 cases, with the St. Louis Medical Examiner's Office (SLMEO) having an embedded anthropologist completing 288 cases. The greatest number of cases were recorded in 2022 for both agencies and entered the CCMEO in June and July, and the SLMEO between October and December. Recovery of decomposed and fully skeletonized decedents from outdoor surface contexts (CCMEO) and indoor scenes (SLMEO) was most common. Biological profile (CCMEO) and radiographic identification (SLMEO) were the most requested types of evaluation. Differences exist in timing, analysis, and report submission. Variation stems from contractual differences between offices, environmental contexts, and the type of consult requested. Greater discussion and comparison of the range of services and expertise that forensic anthropologists provide broadens the understanding of the field, informs our stakeholders, allows for the formulation of best practices, and serves as data upon which decisions regarding protocol, funding, resources, and need can be based.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal persistence and physicochemical modification of inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR). 无机枪炮残留物（IGSR）的热持久性和物理化学改性。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70434

Gianmarco Argentiero, Barbara Bertoglio, Nicolas Martinelli, Giulia Pezzoni, Giorgio Marrubini, Federica Maraschi, Giovanni Cecchetto, Silvia D Visonà, Daniele Merli

{"title":"Thermal persistence and physicochemical modification of inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR).","authors":"Gianmarco Argentiero, Barbara Bertoglio, Nicolas Martinelli, Giulia Pezzoni, Giorgio Marrubini, Federica Maraschi, Giovanni Cecchetto, Silvia D Visonà, Daniele Merli","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70434","url":null,"abstract":"In the medicolegal context, GSR analysis plays a key role in clarifying the dynamics of firearm-related deaths, including lesion identification and firing distance determination. However, postmortem alterations of the body, such as thermal exposure, may influence the analysis of lesions and complicate interpretation. This study aimed to evaluate the persistence and modifications of GSR under different firing distances and thermal treatments using Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Ballistic tests were conducted on calcium-magnesium silicate substrates using a self-reloading 9 × 21 mm pistol at five barrel-to-target distances (5-100 cm). To simulate fire exposure, a subset of the targets was heat-treated in a muffle furnace for 30 min at 250, 750, and 1000°C. SEM-EDS and ICP-OES analyses were then performed, focusing on morphology and chemical composition. GSR remained detectable under all experimental conditions. Both firing distance and thermal exposure affected gunshot residues, leading to changes in morphology, particle size, and elemental composition. An antagonistic interaction between these variables on GSR composition was identified, indicating that, depending on the temperature exposure, metal concentrations may vary with firing distance. Among the metallic elements, lead showed the strongest response, as explained by its low melting point. Notably, at 1000°C, no particles fulfilled the ASTM E1588-25 criterion for characteristic GSR (Pb, Ba, and Sb), rendering the trimetallic population undetectable. These results highlight changes in GSR characteristics compared to standard criteria, suggesting the need to adapt GSR protocols in cases of burned remains.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0