International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology最新文献

{"title":"Association of eating disorders with glycaemic control and insulin resistance in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Akshay Kumar,&nbsp;Sana Alam,&nbsp;Shazia Bano,&nbsp;Rashmi Prakash,&nbsp;Vineet Jain","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is insufficient data on the prevalence and consequences of eating disorders in Type 2 diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the presence of eating disorders (ED) and their association with glycaemic control and metabolic parameters in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study on 145 patients was conducted in the medicine outpatient unit of HAHC Hospital, Jamia Hamdard tertiary care center. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to screen for ED in adults with T2DM. The Score of less than 20 and more than 30 on EAT-26 questionnaire was defined as control for participants and relevant medical details like duration of treatment, glycaemic control, complications were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 145 diabetic individuals participated in this study. Out of these, 17.3% of individuals with T2DM screened positive for ED on EAT-26 scale and had a significant positive correlation in <20 groups and a significant negative correlation in >30 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reveals that eating disorders are not very common in our clinical population of T2DM, the prevalence rates of eating disorders are lower in patients with T2DM than those reported from developed western countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":94044,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology","volume":"14 4","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10509534/pdf/ijbmb0014-0040.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of meta-genomic tools on current cutting-edge genome engineering and technology.","authors":"Tuward J Dweh, Subhashree Pattnaik, Jyoti Prakash Sahoo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metagenomics is defined as the study of the genome of the total microbiota found in nature and is often referred to as microbial environmental genomics because it entails the examination of a group of genetic components (genomes) from a diverse community of organisms in a particular setting. It is a sub-branch of omics technology that encompasses Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and various components associated with comprehensive analysis of all aspects of biological molecules in a system-wide manner. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats and its endonuclease, CRISPR-associated protein which forms a complex called CRISPR-cas9 technology, though it is a different technique used to make precise changes to the genome of an organism, it can be used in conjunction with metagenomic approaches to give a better, rapid, and more accurate description of genomes and sequence reads. There have been ongoing improvements in sequencing that have deepened our understanding of microbial genomes forever. From the time when only a small amount of gene could be sequenced using traditional methods (e.g., \"the plus and minus\" method developed by Allan and Sanger and the \"chemical cleavage\" method that is known for its use in the sequencing the phiX174 bacteriophage genome via radio-labeled DNA polymerase-primer in a polymerization reaction aided by polyacrylamide gel) to the era of total genomes sequencing which includes \"sequencing-by-ligation\" and the \"sequencing-by-synthesis\" that detects hydrogen ions when new DNA is synthesized (Second Generation) and then Next Generation Sequencing technologies (NGS). With these technologies, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was made possible. The study looks at recent advancements in metagenomics in plants and animals by examining findings from randomly selected research papers. All selected case studies examined the functional and taxonomical analysis of different microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing to generate different sequence reads. In animals, five studies indicated how Zebrafish, Livestock, Poultry, cattle, niches, and the human microbiome were exploited using environmental samples, such as soil and water, to identify microbial communities and their functions. It has also been used to study the microbiome of humans and other organisms, including gut microbiomes. Recent studies demonstrated how these technologies have allowed for faster and more accurate identification of pathogens, leading to improved disease diagnostics. They have also enabled the development of personalized medicine by allowing for the identification of genetic variations that can impact drug efficacy and toxicity. Continued advancements in sequencing techniques and the refinement of CRISPR-Cas9 tools offer even greater potential for transformative breakthroughs in scientific research and applications. On the other hand, metagenomic data are always large and uneasy to handle. The compl","PeriodicalId":94044,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology","volume":"14 4","pages":"62-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10509535/pdf/ijbmb0014-0062.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apolipoprotein M gene polymorphisms in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in southern Brazil.","authors":"Susan Webber de Souza, Mateus Santana Lopes, Bruna Rodrigues Martins, Manoella Abrão da Costa, Suzana Nesi-França, Graciele Cristiane More Manica, Angelica Beate Winter Boldt, Alexessander Couto Alves, Vivian Rotuno Moure, Glaucio Valdameri, Geraldo Picheth, Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), associated with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, is observed in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the potential association of the apolipoprotein M (<i>APOM</i>) polymorphisms rs707921, rs805264, rs805296, rs805297, and rs9404941 in childhood-onset T1DM (<i>n</i> = 144) and compared them to those in healthy (mostly Euro-Brazilian) children (<i>n</i> = 168).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Parana (CAAE 24676613.6.0000.0102). Genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rs805296 and rs9404941) and TaqMan probes (rs707921, rs805264, and rs805297).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In the codominant model, no significant differences (<i>P</i> > 0.05) were observed in genotype and allele frequencies between healthy controls and children with T1DM. The minor allele frequencies (95% CI) for healthy subjects were rs707921 (A, 10.7%; 7-14%), rs805264 (A, 6.5%; 4-9%), rs805296 (C, 3.6%; 2-6%), rs805297 (A, 22.6%; 22-31%), and rs9404941 (C, 2.7%; 1-4%). The frequencies of the rs805297 A allele and rs805296 C allele were similar to those of other Caucasian populations; both the rs707921 and rs805264 A alleles were similar to American and Latin American populations, whereas that of the rs9404941 C allele was lower than that observed in the Caucasian and Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Haplotype analysis suggests that rs805297-C, rs9404941-T, rs805296-T, rs805264-G, and rs707921-C conferred risk (OR: 4.25; 95% CI: 1.81-10.1) to childhood-onset T1DM in the Euro-Brazilian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94044,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology","volume":"14 4","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10509533/pdf/ijbmb0014-0051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of DNA looping on <i>Escherichia coli</i> culture density.","authors":"Justin P Peters, Vishwas N Rao, Nicole A Becker, L James Maher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repression of a promoter by entrapment within a tightly bent DNA loop is a common mechanism of gene regulation in bacteria. Besides the mechanical properties of the looped DNA and affinity of the protein that anchors the loop, cellular energetics and DNA negative supercoiling are likely factors determining the stability of the repression loop. <i>E. coli</i> cells undergo numerous highly regulated and dynamic transitions as resources are depleted during bacterial growth. We hypothesized that the probability of DNA looping depends on the growth status of the <i>E. coli</i> culture. We utilized a well-characterized repression loop model assembled from elements of the <i>lac</i> operon to measure loop length-dependent repression at three different culture densities. Remarkably, even with changes in supercoiling, there exists a dynamic compensation in which the contribution of DNA looping to gene repression remains essentially constant.</p>","PeriodicalId":94044,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology","volume":"10 3","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6737385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of methanolic crude extract of Aframomum melegueta (A.m) seeds on selected lactogenic hormones of Albino rats.","authors":"Hyacinth Ibekwe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for alternative control of excessive milk secretion associated with exclusive breast feeding necessitated this study. This study was designed to investigate the effect of methanolic crude extract of Aframomum melegueta (A.m) seed by measuring serum concentrations of selected lactogenic (prolactin, estradiol and progesterone) hormones in lactating and non-lactating Albino rats. A total of 18 non-lactating and lactating rats each were assigned into three (3) treatments of 6 rats each. Treatment 1 and 2 (controls) received 0.11 mg/kg/day of reference drug (bromocriptine) and 100 mg/kg/day of Dimethylsulfoxide (Dmso) 1 ml:9 ml of normal saline which is referred to as normal control in this study. Treatment 3 received 100 mg/kg/day of A.m methanolic crude extract. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for prolactin, estradiol and progesterone by ELISA techniques. The result obtained showed a 21.13% and 25.12% significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum concentration of prolactin for both non-lactating (26.15±0.15 ng/ml) and lactating (14.90±1.16 ng/ml) rats relative to (33.23±1.82 and 19.90±1.16 ng/ml) normal control rats but a significant (P<0.05) increase (26.15±0.15 ng/ml; 14.90±1.16 ng/ml) in serum levels of the same hormone relative to (12.56±0.89 ng/ml; 10.56±0.29 ng/ml) reference control drug (bromocriptine) in both groups. Serum estradiol levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by methanol extract relative to normal control rats in both groups. There was however, no significant (P>0.05) changes in serum levels of estradiol relative to reference control drugs in both rats. Serum levels of progesterone were not significantly altered in both groups relative to normal control rats. The above findings confer on the extract antilactogenic capability and hence a good alternative to bromocriptine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94044,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology","volume":"10 2","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}