Injury最新文献

{"title":"Penetrating renal trauma in a high-complexity Latin American centre: Management patterns and renal preservation, 2013-2025 - a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Mateo Londoño Barrientos, Pamela Arroyo, Camila Bernal, José Daniel Bran, David Alejandro Gaviria Gallego, David Alejandro Mejía Toro, Carlos Andrés Delgado López","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contemporary renal-trauma practice rests on blunt-predominant cohorts from high-income trauma systems, and penetrating renal injury remains under-described. We characterised the management and outcomes of penetrating renal trauma at a high-complexity Latin American centre, with blunt injury as internal comparator, and examined how practice changed over 13 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort of 161 consecutive adults (≥18 years) treated between February 2013 and July 2025, classified by mechanism. Management, nephrectomy and in-hospital outcomes are reported descriptively as n (%) and median [IQR]. Testing was confined to three pre-specified questions: whether nephrectomy differed by mechanism; whether it differed by mechanism among patients taken to open surgery; and whether it changed over time. Two-sided exact p values were obtained by doubling the one-sided probability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four injuries (21%) were penetrating (27 gunshot, 6 stab, 1 unspecified) and 126 (78%) blunt. Among penetrating injuries, 13 (38%) were managed non-operatively, 3 (9%) with angioembolisation and 18 (53%) with open surgery. Non-operative management was used up to AAST grade IV and failed in none, with no reintervention, nephrectomy or renal complication; angioembolisation preserved every treated kidney. Twelve of the 34 penetrating injuries (35%) ended in nephrectomy versus 5 of 126 blunt (4%; p < 0.001), and every nephrectomy in the cohort followed open surgery. Among the patients taken to open surgery, however, nephrectomy was equally frequent in the two groups (12 of 18 vs 5 of 9; p = 0.88), so renal loss tracked the decision to operate rather than intraoperative salvageability. High-grade (AAST IV-V) injury was similarly frequent by mechanism (41% vs 29%). Within penetrating injuries, open surgery fell from 15 of 24 in 2013-2019-3 of 10 in 2020-2025, and nephrectomy from 11 of 24-1 of 10, with a stable mechanism mix.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Selective non-operative management and angioembolisation preserved every kidney in which they were used, including after penetrating injury, and renal loss followed the decision to operate rather than the mechanism itself. These data support extending physiology-guided, kidney-preserving management to penetrating renal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INJURY: The leading journal for research on fracture-related infection.","authors":"Volker Alt","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of a formal chest wall injury program improves compliance with rib fixation indications.","authors":"Vladislav Muldiiarov, Sophie Bouldoukian, Hason Khan, Ashley Campbell, Mike Matos, Andrew Kamien, Emily Cantrell, Gina Lamb, W T Hillman Terzian, John Tierney, Charity H Evans, Samuel Cemaj, Zachary M Bauman","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) improves outcomes but remains underutilized. This study evaluated the impact of the creation of a dedicated, institutional chest wall injury program on SSRF utilization, hypothesizing such a program would increase utilization of SSRF for those patients meeting criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of adults with radiographically confirmed rib fractures presenting to a Level I trauma center between January 2016 and April 2023. Patients were classified by the Chest Wall Injury Society SSRF operative criteria and whether or not they underwent SSRF. Basic demographics were obtained. The chest wall injury program was developed in 2020 with elements including standardized guideline adoption, daily multidisciplinary rounds to identify candidates early, and establishment of a dedicated outpatient follow-up clinic. Additionally, the program facilitated consistent documentation of SSRF candidacy and improved interdisciplinary communication regarding treatment plans. The primary outcome was the relationship between operative and non-operative cases when SSRF criteria were met.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3488 patients were included, of whom 1629 met operative indications for SSRF. Overall, 457 patients (28.1%) underwent fixation. Compared to non-operative patients, the SSRF group had similar age and predominantly sustained blunt trauma. Implementation of the dedicated chest wall injury program in 2020 was associated with a significant increase in SSRF utilization among eligible patients, rising from 21.5% to 32.1% in 2020 (rise of 10.6%). Utilization continued to increase each subsequent year, reaching 45.3% by 2023. Among patients meeting SSRF criteria, SSRF utilization increased from 19.8% before 2021-41.1% from 2021 onward (p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age and gender, the 2021-onward period remained independently associated with receipt of SSRF (adjusted OR 2.82, 95% CI 2.25-3.52; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Establishing a dedicated chest wall injury program was associated with higher adherence to SSRF guidelines and increased operative management of eligible patients.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV, therapeutic/care management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury patterns in a war zone: A comparative analysis of civilians and military personnel.","authors":"Itai Sasson, Hen Chaushu, Omer J Ungar","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern armed conflicts increasingly affect both civilians and defense forces, resulting in heterogeneous injury patterns driven by diverse mechanisms. Direct comparative data between these populations treated within the same healthcare system remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare injury mechanisms, anatomical injury patterns, injury severity, and early clinical outcomes between civilians and defense forces casualties treated at a single tertiary trauma center during an active conflict.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted of all consecutive war-related trauma admissions between October 7, 2023, and January 7, 2024. Demographic data, injury mechanisms, anatomical sites, Injury Severity Score (ISS), emergency interventions, and early outcomes were collected. Percentage-based comparative plots were used to visualize injury mechanism and anatomical site distributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort included 192 patients (128 defense forces, 64 civilians). Civilians were older and included more females. Overall injury severity and rates of airway management, ventilatory support, and ICU admission were comparable between groups. Defense forces more frequently required direct transfer from the emergency department to the operating room (28% vs. 14%, p = 0.047). Shrapnel-related injuries were significantly more common among defense forces, whereas acoustic trauma was observed exclusively among civilians (36%, p < 0.001). Injury-mechanism profiles differed between groups, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of patients injured at the individual anatomical site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite similar overall injury severity, civilians and defense forces exhibit distinct injury profiles. Civilians are disproportionately affected by acoustic trauma, highlighting population-specific vulnerabilities with implications for triage, diagnostic evaluation, and trauma system preparedness, especially during mass casualty incidents, when rapid recognition of group-specific injury patterns is essential for appropriate resource prioritization and allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of suicidal and accidental fall injury patterns: A 10-year retrospective study in Hong Kong.","authors":"Lok Hin Hui, Eunice Siu Shan Hau, Ling Yan Leung, Ralph Koon Ho Cheung, Nai Kwong Cheung, Shin Yan Man, Colin A Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls from a height are a common cause of major trauma in urban areas. This study aims to investigate the differences in patient characteristics and injury patterns between suicidal and accidental falls from a height in Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>From 2015-2024, patients aged ≥ 18 years recorded under the 'fall from height ≥ 2 m' category of the trauma registry in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics and the nature of the falls were noted. Abbreviated injury scale (AIS) was the primary outcome. Injury severity score (ISS), skeletal fractures, clinical parameters and clinical outcomes were secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 268 patients included, 50 were in the suicide group and 218 in the accident group. Patients in the suicide group had significantly higher ISS (median 29, IQR 20-45) and fall heights (median 9.0 m, IQR 6.0-10.0 m) than those in the accident group (ISS median 17, IQR 9-26; median fall height 3.0 m, IQR 2.5-5.0 m; both p < 0.001). Within major trauma patients (defined as ISS>15, n = 157), the suicide group had more serious injuries (defined as AIS ≥3) in the abdomen (41% vs 19%, p = 0.008) and extremities (83% vs 28%, p < 0.001), and less serious injuries in the head and neck (39% vs 62%, p = 0.018). Among the major trauma patients, those in the suicide group had more fractures of the ribs, lumbar spine, pelvis, hips and feet, while those in the accident group sustained more skull fractures. In particular, all deaths in the accident group had AIS head and neck ≥ 5. Subgroup analysis according to fall height in the major trauma cases found the differences in pelvic fractures between the two groups remained significant in falls < 10 m.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Falls from heights due to accidents more often result in serious head injuries, while those due to suicide more often have serious injuries in the lower part of the body. Serious head injury is a major cause of death in accidental falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic irrigation for traumatic hemothorax: a cost-effective analysis.","authors":"Henry Olivera Perez, Anna Huang Perez, Andrea M Gochi, Nathan Alcasid, Lucas Thornblade, Naveen Balan, Gregory P Victorino, April Mendoza, Adam Gutierrez, Genna Beattie","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent studies have shown thoracic irrigation after tube thoracostomy drainage of traumatic hemothorax (HTX) reduces the rate of retained HTX and need for secondary interventions such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) but the cost-effectiveness of thoracic irrigation is not well-studied. We hypothesized that thoracic irrigation after thoracostomy tube drainage of traumatic HTX would be more cost-effective compared to standard tube thoracostomy drainage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A decision-analytic model was created to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of thoracic irrigation after thoracostomy tube placement for traumatic HTX. Our base case was a 38-year-old hemodynamically stable patient presenting with a traumatic HTX requiring thoracostomy tube placement on presentation. Cost, probabilities, and utilities were obtained from the published literature, with cost represented in 2025 US dollars. Utilities were represented in Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY's). One-way sensitivity analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The decision-analytic model identified that thoracic irrigation after thoracostomy tube placement for traumatic HTX was the dominant strategy with lower cost at $17,818 with QALY 0.69 compared to no irrigation at $34,527 with QALY 0.67. The strategy of thoracic irrigation demonstrated an increased net monetary benefit compared to no irrigation ($51,086 vs $32,581) with increased QALY. Using one-way sensitivity analysis, thoracic irrigation was cost-effective when its net monetary benefit surpasses $33,581.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In hemodynamically stable patients, adoption of routine thoracic irrigation for traumatic HTX is cost-effective providing additional benefit at less cost. Adoption of this management strategy should be strongly considered as it may reduce cost and improve quality of life, in addition to previously demonstrated improvement in clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused performance assessment predicts ability to perform open thoracic trauma procedures.","authors":"Pamela Andreatta, Benjamin L Scott, Matthew Bradley, Mark Bowyer","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensive surgical expertise is required to manage blunt and penetrating thoracic trauma. Because opportunities to acquire and maintain these operative skills are limited during training and routine operative practice, trauma focused short courses help bridge potential procedural performance gaps. Integrating procedural assessment into these courses improves surgeon readiness by identifying and closing performance gaps. However, detailed assessment can increase cognitive load and fatigue for assessors. The purpose of this study was to reduce the assement burden by identifying the most predictive assessed procedural elements of overall thoracic trauma operative performance with > 70% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1531 military general surgeons participated in cadaver-based training over a 5-year period performing 11 thoracic procedures. Most participants (57%) had < 5 years of professional experience. Linear regression analyses examined the contributions of each procedure (11 predictors) and procedural element (96 predictors) with aggregate procedural performance in thoracic trauma (criterion) (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven of the 11 procedures accounted for 96% of the variance in overall thoracic trauma procedural performance. Of the 96 procedural elements examined, 46 predicted overall thoracic trauma procedural performance accounting for 76% of the variance. These findings demonstrate the potential to substantially reduce the faculty assessment burden while maintaining a high level of predictive validity of overall operative performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The procedural abilities of surgeons to manage traumatic thoracic injuries is critical for patient safety and quality of care. The findings from this study demonstrate that assessment of a focused subset of procedural elements during trauma focused short courses could predict 76% of the procedural abilities for thoracic trauma and provide surgeons with the information they need to ensure their readiness to care patients. Unfortunately, most trauma-focused short courses currently rely on self-perceived competence rather than direct procedural assessment and therefore miss opportunities to identify and close critical performance gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Beyond the null result: Unpacking the clinical nuance of concomitant carpal tunnel release with distal radius fracture fixation\".","authors":"Arjun Dinesh, Mohammad Poursalehian, Youssra Marjoua, Damien Billow, Anokha Padubidri, Cesar Cereijo, Ronald W Peirish, Joseph Styron, Heather A Vallier","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":" ","pages":"113628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national analysis evaluating epidemiology of traumatic e-scooter injuries: injury patterns, helmet use, and alcohol intoxication.","authors":"Yusra Othman, Youssef Nasef, Yumna Indorewala, Cameron Nishida, Alexandra Kata, Ariel Hus, Chadwick P Smith, Adel Elkbuli","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the increased use of e-scooters, there has been an associated rise in traumatic injuries. Existing literature is limited to single-center studies and incomplete characterization of injury severity and outcomes. This study examines national trends, demographics, injury patterns, and clinical outcomes of e-scooter-related injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective epidemiological cohort study used the ACS-TQIP-PUF database to evaluate pediatric and adult patients with e-scooter injuries between 2017 and 2023. Patients were stratified by age group, demographics, injury characteristics, helmet use, alcohol intoxication, and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8728 patients with e-scooter injuries were included, with cases rising sharply from 38 in 2020-3858 in 2023. Most injured patients were male (73.3%) and young or early middle-aged adults (54.9%). Injuries were predominantly mild to moderate (ISS <16; 84.7%), with falls as the most common mechanism (60.2%). Mortality was low overall (0.9%), reaching 3.1% among older adults; however, 96.3% of all fatalities were the result of head or neck injuries. Most patients did not require ICU admission (79.8%), and the majority were hospitalized for 1-7 days. Alcohol intoxication was present in 16.5% of cases. Helmet use was rare (12.1%), and 90.8% of patients with head or neck injuries were unhelmeted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rise in E-scooter injury poses a growing public health concern. The most common mechanism was fall. Although extremity injuries predominate, head and neck trauma accounted for most E-scooter related fatalities. Low helmet use and alcohol involvement were associated with greater injury severity in the study population, highlighting the need for targeted prevention policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":"57 10","pages":"113653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148946321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology of motorsport injuries: Understanding crash dynamics in elite motorcycle racing.","authors":"Michele Russo, Elena Giovanna Bignami, Alfredo Bitonti, Pier Giulio Valenti, Michele Zasa","doi":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.injury.2026.113647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motorcycle road racing is among the most high-risk sports, with riders exposed to speeds exceeding 300 km/h. Despite advancements in safety technology, severe injuries remain a persistent concern, particularly with the introduction of the Sprint race, which has intensified race weekends. This study provides a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of crash and injury patterns in the 2024 MotoGP™ season, addressing a critical gap in contemporary data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing publicly available data from official incident reports and race classifications, this descriptive study analyzed fall incidence and injury outcomes across all 2024 Grand Prix events. Data were stratified by session type (practice, qualifying, Sprint, and main race), motorbike category (MotoGP™, Moto2™, Moto3™), circuit location, and environmental conditions. Furthermore, cases resulting in immediate medical disqualification (\"unfit\" status) or hospitalization were manually extracted to evaluate severe trauma patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings reveal a significant shift in risk dynamics, with the Sprint race contributing heavily to crash incidence despite its shorter duration. High-risk corners and session-specific patterns were identified, with qualifying sessions and Sprint races showing elevated fall rates compared to practice. Granular clinical analysis of severe traumas (n = 23) revealed a disproportionate burden of upper extremity injuries, with hand, wrist, and clavicle fractures constituting the majority of isolated skeletal traumas due to the instinctual bracing response. Environmental factors, notably wet conditions, further exacerbated overall risks at specific circuits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes a contemporary baseline for injury surveillance in elite motorcycle racing, highlighting the impact of format changes like the Sprint race introduction on rider safety. By quantifying crash distribution and clinical injury patterns, these findings provide a robust evidence base for optimizing future safety protocols and trauma prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94042,"journal":{"name":"Injury","volume":"57 10","pages":"113647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}