Human & experimental toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Relationships between depression level and serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels in patients with malignant bone tumors associated with depression.","authors":"Man Ao, Xin Yang, Shuping Wang, Min Li, Wenru Zhang, Qihui Ou, Kun Xu, Dongxue Sun","doi":"10.1177/09603271241293119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241293119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elucidate the relationships between depression level and serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels in patients with malignant bone tumors associated with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The depression (<i>n</i> = 28) and non-depression groups (<i>n</i> = 35) were established. Another 35 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The severity of depression was assessed, and the depression group received the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant sertraline for 4 weeks. Serum levels of inflammatory factors and thyroxine, and the correlation between inflammatory factors, thyroxine, and HAMD-17 score were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-21 levels were lower and TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-27 were higher in the depression group after treatment than before treatment. After treatment, T3 levels were higher and T4 levels were lower in the depression group. T4 levels were higher in patients with major depression than those with mild depression. IL-1β and IL-21 levels were elevated in moderately depressed patients [(11.13 ± 1.49) ng/L、(9.71 ± 1.26) ng/L], and IL-1β levels were elevated in severely depressed patients [(11.26 ± 1.95) ng/L], compared to mildly depressed patients [(9.36 ± 1.25) ng/L, (7.95 ± 1.31) ng/L] (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-21 were positively correlated with the total HAMD-17 score, and TGF-β1 and IL-10 were negatively correlated with the total HAMD-17 score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression degree in patients with malignant bone tumors correlates with serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels. Measurement of serum inflammatory factors and thyroxine levels can assess the progression and prognosis of depressed patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241293119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cd-induced cytotoxicity in primary human keratinocytes.","authors":"Daniil Romashin, Viktoriia Arzumanian, Ekaterina Poverennaya, Alexandra Varshaver, Nataliya Luzgina, Alexander Rusanov","doi":"10.1177/09603271231224458","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271231224458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of studies have investigated the effects of Cd on human health. Cd-induced dermatotoxicity is an important field of research, but numerous studies have focused on the effects of Cd on the human skin. Moreover, most studies have been performed using HaCaT cells but not primary keratinocytes. In this study, we provide the results describing the cytotoxic effects of Cd exposure on primary human epidermal keratinocytes obtained from different donors. The subtoxic concentration of cadmium chloride was determined via MTT assay, and transcriptomic analysis of the cells exposed to this concentration (25 µM) was performed. As in HaCaT cells, Cd exposure resulted in increased ROS levels, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. In addition, we report that exposure to Cd affects zinc and copper homeostasis, induces metallothionein expression, and activates various signaling pathways, including Nrf2, NF-kB, TRAIL, and PI3K. Cd induces the secretion of various cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and PGE2) and upregulates the expression of several cytokeratins, such as KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16, and KRT17. The results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity and its effect on human epidermal skin cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271231224458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin ameliorates vanadium pentoxide or gamma irradiation-stimulated hepatotoxicity in male rats via targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis.","authors":"Marian N Gerges, Fatma Y Abdou, Doaa M El Gamal, Mahmoud E Habieb","doi":"10.1177/09603271241307859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241307859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This work aims to validate the ameliorative influence of metformin against endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-prompted apoptosis caused by vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) or gamma-irradiation (γ-irradiation) in hepatic tissues of male rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>There were six groups of rats: the control, metformin (100 mg/kg body weight, <i>i.p</i>.), V₂O₅ (12.5 mg/kg body weight, <i>i.p</i>), V₂O₅ plus metformin, γ-irradiation group (acute dose 6 Gy), and γ-irradiation plus metformin; for 2 weeks. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Additionally, the protein expression of certain endoplasmic reticulum stress-related (ERS) biomarkers; Inositol requirement enzyme 1α (IRE1α), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1); were estimated in hepatic tissues. Moreover, apoptosis-associated biomarkers; Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and HSP70 levels have been assessed. Furthermore, histopathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metformin with V₂O₅ or γ-irradiation significantly decreased MDA, IRE1α, TRAF2, ASK1, Bax, and caspase-3 compared with V₂O₅ or γ-irradiated groups. Meanwhile, it significantly elevated GSH, Bcl-2, and HSP70 levels compared to exposure to V₂O₅ or γ-irradiation groups. Interestingly, the obtained results concur well with histological alterations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the protective influence of metformin against ER stress-induced apoptosis through enhancing GSH and reduction of ERS and apoptosis suggesting that metformin may have positive impacts as a potential radiation protector beyond its glucose-lowering effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241307859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of melatonin on capecitabine-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats.","authors":"Ali Tavakoli Pirzaman, Razieh Mansoori, Seyed Mohammad Hosseini, Ali Abolhosseini, Sahar Khosravi, Ali Akbar Moghadamnia, Sohrab Kazemi","doi":"10.1177/09603271231223506","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271231223506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Capecitabine (CAPE), an antimetabolite chemotherapy, can induce hepatic and renal toxicity. Melatonin (MEL), a neurohormone, possesses antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the impact of MEL on capecitabine-induced hepatic and renal toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Twenty-five male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups for the study. The groups included a control group, MEL10 group (rats receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg MEL), CAPE 500 group (rats receiving weekly intraperitoneal injections of 500 mg/kg CAPE), CAPE + MEL five group, and CAPE + MEL 10 group. All groups were treated for a duration of 6 weeks. Various hematological, serological, biochemical, and histopathological assessments were conducted to evaluate the objective of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The administration of CAPE led to significant liver and kidney toxicity, as evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), as well as serological markers including AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, and creatinine. CAPE exposure also resulted in a reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Histological examination revealed hyperemia in both liver and kidney tissues exposed to CAPE. However, treatment with MEL demonstrated positive effects. MEL administration alleviated oxidative stress, reduced levels of liver enzymes, BUN, and creatinine, and ameliorated histopathological degenerations. MEL also increased GPx and TAC levels. Moreover, MEL treatment aided in restoring the body weight that was lost due to CAPE exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicated that the administration of MEL in rats significantly enhanced the hepatic and renal toxicity induced by CAPE.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271231223506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human poisoning with glyphosate-surfactant herbicides: Retrospective analysis of mortality outcomes of patients treated in a poison center.","authors":"Kuan-Hung Liu, Shu-Sen Chang, Chao-Ying Tu, Hsien-Yi Chen, Wen-Chin Lee, Kai-Fan Tsai, Po-Yen Kuo, Ju-Ching Yen, I-Kuan Wang, Tzung-Hai Yen","doi":"10.1177/09603271241297004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241297004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The toxicity and carcinogenicity of glyphosate have long been debated. Nevertheless, the mortality rate in patients with acute glyphosate-surfactant poisoning varies across different groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2002 and 2020, 109 patients with glyphosate-surfactant poisoning received treatment at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients were stratified into two subgroups according to their prognosis: good (<i>n</i> = 74) or poor (<i>n</i> = 35). Baseline demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, medical complications, and laboratory data were collected, and mortality data were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients were 54.1 ± 17.5 years of age and were mostly male (68.8%). Most patients (91.7%) ingested pesticides intentionally, and patients arrived at the hospital within 7.1 ± 12.7 h. Psychiatric comorbidities were prevalent, and the top three comorbidities were mental (71.6%), depressive (48.6%), and adjustment (14.7%) disorder. Patients with poor prognoses were older than those with good prognoses (<i>p</i> = .007). Moreover, patients with poor prognoses had lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (<i>p</i> < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> = .008), but higher incidences of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (<i>p</i> < .001), aspiration pneumonia (<i>p</i> < .001), hypotension (<i>p</i> < .001), hyperglycemia (<i>p</i> = .002), acute kidney injury (<i>p</i> < .001), and metabolic acidosis (<i>p</i> < .001) than patients with good prognoses. The mortality rate was 5.5%. A multivariate-logistic-regression model revealed that the Glasgow Coma Scale score was a significant risk factor for poor prognosis (odds ratio 0.653, confidence interval 0.427-0.998; <i>p</i> = .049). However, no risk factors for mortality were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A total of 32.1% of patients with glyphosate-surfactant poisoning had poor prognoses, and 5.5% of patients died despite treatment. The mortality outcome is comparable to that of published reports from other international poison centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241297004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Wharton's jelly MSCs secretomes for restoring busulfan-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice.","authors":"Sedigheh Bahmyari, Sanaz Alaee, Zahra Khodabandeh, Tahereh Talaei-Khozani, Mahintaj Dara, Shayesteh Mehdinejadiani, Arezoo Solati","doi":"10.1177/09603271241269019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241269019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies investigated the application of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating spermatogenic disorders. Considering the limitation of MSC application, the present study aimed to compare Wharton's jelly MSCs secretomes, including condition medium (CM) 10-fold concentrated (CM10), 20-fold concentrated CM (CM20), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) to restore busulfan-induced damage on male mice reproduction. So, Wharton's jelly MSCs were cultured, CM was collected, and EVs were isolated. Seventy-two mice were randomly assigned to nine groups, including Control, Busulfan 1 month (1M), Busulfan 2 months (2M), CM10, Busulfan + CM10, CM20, Busulfan + CM20, EVs, and Busulfan + EVs groups. Sperm characteristics, DNA maturity, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and testicular gene expression were evaluated. Data analysis revealed that CM10 significantly improved sperm plasma membrane integrity, sperm DNA maturity, and DFI in the Busulfan + CM10 group compared to the Busulfan 2M group. Although CM20 and EVs showed a non-significant improvement. Gene expression analysis showed busulfan administration significantly decreased the expression of AR, CREB1, and PLCζ genes, while CM10 significantly restored CREB1 gene expression. The present study demonstrated that CM10 is more effective than CM20 or EVs in reducing busulfan-induced reproductive toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241269019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated mercury vapor exposure from amalgams among American pregnant women.","authors":"David A Geier, Mark R Geier","doi":"10.1177/09603271241231945","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271241231945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the impact of mercury (Hg) vapor exposure from amalgams among all American pregnant women. Amalgam-Hg vapor exposure among 1,665,890 weighted-pregnant women (<i>n</i> = 37) was examined in the 2015-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Correlation coefficients between amalgam surfaces and daily micrograms (µg) of urinary Hg excretion and daily µg of Hg vapor exposure from amalgams per kilogram (Kg) bodyweight were calculated. Daily Hg vapor exposure from amalgams was compared to Hg vapor safety limits. About 600,000 pregnant women (∼36%) had at least one amalgam surface. Median daily urinary Hg excretion was ∼2.5-fold higher among pregnant women with amalgams as compared to pregnant women without amalgams. A significant correlation was observed between the number of amalgam surfaces and daily urinary Hg excretion. Among pregnant women with amalgams, it was estimated that the median daily Hg vapor dose from amalgams was 7.66 µg of Hg and 0.073 µg of Hg/Kg bodyweight. Among all pregnant women, ∼28% received daily Hg vapor doses from amalgams above the least restrictive United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safety limit and ∼36% received above the most restrictive California (CA) EPA safety limit. Given the potential for fetal toxicological effects from prenatal Hg vapor exposure, special emphasis needs to be placed on reducing/eliminating amalgams in pregnancy/women of reproductive age and future studies should evaluate adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241231945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of diquat plasma concentration and complete blood count in patients with acute diquat poisoning based on random forest algorithms.","authors":"Hui Hu, Xiaofang Ke, Fangfang Zheng, Minjie You, Tao Zhou, Yanwen Xu, Jiaiying Wu, Shuhua Tong, Lufeng Hu","doi":"10.1177/09603271241276981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241276981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the incidence of diquat (DQ) poisoning is increasing, and quickly predicting the prognosis of poisoned patients is crucial for clinical treatment. In this study, a total of 84 DQ poisoning patients were included, with 38 surviving and 46 deceased. The plasma DQ concentration of DQ poisoned patients, determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were collected and analyzed with their complete blood count (CBC) indicators. Based on DQ concentration and CBC dataset, the random forest of diagnostic and prognostic models were established. The results showed that the initial DQ plasma concentration was highly correlated with patient prognosis. There was data redundancy in the CBC dataset, continuous measurement of CBC tests could improve the model's predictive accuracy. After feature selection, the predictive accuracy of the CBC dataset significantly increased to 0.81 ± 0.17, with the most important features being white blood cells and neutrophils. The constructed CBC random forest prediction model achieved a high predictive accuracy of 0.95 ± 0.06 when diagnosing DQ poisoning. In conclusion, both DQ concentration and CBC dataset can be used to predict the prognosis of DQ treatment. In the absence of DQ concentration, the random forest model using CBC data can effectively diagnose DQ poisoning and patient's prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241276981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages promote fibroblast autophagy to contribute to hypertrophic scar formation via CXCL2/CXCR7/mTOR pathway.","authors":"Min Shi, Lu Zhang, Fangfang Bi, Xiaohong Ma","doi":"10.1177/09603271241303320","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271241303320","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Abnormal activation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSF) plays an important role in the excessive fibrosis of hypertrophic scars (HS). However, the regulatory mechanism of HSF abnormal activation is not fully unclear. Early studies had shown that M2 macrophages were increased during scar formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-EXOs) mediating HSF abnormal activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The blood samples of 20 normal people and 20 HS patients were collected from Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the level of M2 macrophages in the blood was measured by flow cytometry. Subsequently, HSFs were co-cultured with M2-THP-1 for 48 h to analyze the effect of M2 macrophages on the function of HSFs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. HSFs were treated with exogenous chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) or anti-CXCL2 to analyze the effect of CXCL2 on HSFs function and autophagy. HSFs were treated with exogenous CXCL2 and/or anti-CXCR7, and CXCL2 and/or 3MA to explore the molecular mechanism of CXCL2-mediated HS. Finally, a mouse HS model was constructed, and the effect of M2-Exos on the growth of HS was explored by subcutaneous injection of CXCL2 or M2-Exos in the scar site &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We found that the proportion of M2 macrophages in the blood of HS patients increased. CXCL2-rich M2-EXOs promoted the abnormal proliferation, migration, and collagen deposition of HSFs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. CXCL2 increased the level of p-mTOR in HSF and promoted the expression of autophagy proteins LC3II/I and Atg5 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Further results showed that CXCL2 activated autophagy through CXCR7/PI3K/mTOR signal transduction, thereby promoting collagen deposition and fibrosis &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reversed the effect of CXCL2 on HSFs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. In addition, in the HS mouse model, after treatment with M2-EXOs or CXCL2 &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, the scar recovery time was significantly prolonged and the scar damage was aggravated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;These results suggest that the CXCL2/CXCR7/mTOR pathway may be a promising target for the treatment of HS. Abnormal activation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) plays an important role in the excessive fibrosis of hypertrophic scars (HS). However, the regulatory mechanism of HSFs abnormal activation is not fully unclear. Early studies had shown that M2 macrophages were increased during scar formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-EXOs) mediating HSFs abnormal activation. Here, we analyzed the proportion of M2 macrophages in total macrophages in the HS patient's blood, and we found that the proportion of M2 macrophages were elevated in the blood of HS patients. We found that C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2)-rich M2-EXOs promoted abnormal proliferation, migration, and collagen deposition in ","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241303320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress reactions in rats with pulmonary injuries induced by sulfur mustard (1 LD₅₀).","authors":"Lu Liu, Xiaoxuan Hu, Na Zhang, Yuxu Zhong, Xiao-Ji Zhu, Tao Liu","doi":"10.1177/09603271241308772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241308772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sulfur mustard (SM) is an important chemical warfare agent. The mechanisms underlying SM toxicity have not been completely elucidated. However, oxidative stress and the subsequent damage to macromolecules have been considered ascrucial steps in SM toxicity. In this study, a rat model of SM-induced acute pulmonary injury was established using an equal toxicity dose (1LD₅₀). This study employed two methods to directly compare oxidative stress indices in serum enzymes and the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into intraperitoneal SM, intraperitoneal propylene glycol control, tracheal SM, tracheal propylene glycol control, and control groups. SM-induced serum enzyme levels and protein expression in the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were upregulated in the intraperitoneal SM group compared with those in the tracheal SM group. Positive expression ratios of CuZn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, paraoxonase-1, and apolipoprotein-1 proteins in the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa in the intraperitoneal SM group were elevated compared with those in the tracheal SM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Under SM (1LD₅₀) exposure, there were significantly higher serum enzyme levels and protein expressions in the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa of rats injected with SM intraperitoneally compared with SM administered by intratracheal instillation. The results demonstrated that the differences in oxidative stress indices at the molecular level in SM-induced pulmonary injury were dependent on the route of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":"43 ","pages":"9603271241308772"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}