Human & experimental toxicology最新文献

Persistent diazinon induced neurotoxicity: The effect on inhibitory avoidance memory performance, amyloid precursor proteins, and TNF-α levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats. 持续性二嗪农诱导的神经毒性：对大鼠前额叶皮层抑制性回避记忆能力、淀粉样前体蛋白和 TNF-α 水平的影响

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241235408

Salva Afshari, Mehdi Sarailoo, Vahid Asghariazar, Elham Safarzadeh, Masoomeh Dadkhah

{"title":"Persistent diazinon induced neurotoxicity: The effect on inhibitory avoidance memory performance, amyloid precursor proteins, and TNF-α levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats.","authors":"Salva Afshari, Mehdi Sarailoo, Vahid Asghariazar, Elham Safarzadeh, Masoomeh Dadkhah","doi":"10.1177/09603271241235408","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271241235408","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Organophosphate pesticides (Ops) like diazinon (DZN) have well-known neurotoxic effects and low-level chronic exposure has been linked to detrimental neurobehavioral impairments and memory deficits. However, it's not entirely clear how DZN-induced biological changes, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) contribute to these effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of DZN exposure on inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory function, amyloid precursor expression (APP), and proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the rat cortex.Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups and recived 2 mg/kg DZN for 5-days or 12-weeks and two control groups recived the same volume of vehicle. IA memory was assesed using the shuttle box apparatus. Rats were sacrificed and the prefrontal cortex PFC were removed. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to messure TNF-α, and amyloid protein precursors gene expression and protein levels.Results: Our findings indicated that DZN caused body weight loss and a notable decline in performance on the IA memory. Additionally, 5-days exposure increased APP and APLP2 protein levels in the PFC, while 12-weeks exposure decreased these levels. Furthermore, expression of APP and APLP2 gens were decreased in PFC. TNF-α levels increased as a result of 5-days exposure to DZN, but these levels dropped to normal after 12-weeks administration, and this observation was significant.Conclusion: Taken together, exposure to low doses of DZN leads to disturbances in IA memory performance and also alternations in amyloid beta precursors that can be related to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling thioacetamide-induced toxicity: Multi-organ damage and omitted bone toxicity. 揭示硫代乙酰胺诱导的毒性：多器官损伤和遗漏的骨毒性。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241241807

Haodong Zhang, Jian Xu

{"title":"Unveiling thioacetamide-induced toxicity: Multi-organ damage and omitted bone toxicity.","authors":"Haodong Zhang, Jian Xu","doi":"10.1177/09603271241241807","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271241241807","url":null,"abstract":"Thioacetamide (TAA), a widely employed hepatotoxic substance, has gained significant traction in the induction of liver failure disease models. Upon administration of TAA to experimental animals, the production of potent oxidative derivatives ensues, culminating in the activation of oxidative stress and subsequent infliction of severe damage upon multiple organs via dissemination through the bloodstream. This review summarized the various organ damages and corresponding mechanistic explanations observed in previous studies using TAA in toxicological animal experiments. The principal pathological consequences arising from TAA exposure encompass oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, fibrosis, apoptosis induction, DNA damage, and osteoclast formation. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies on TAA bone toxicity have confirmed that long-term high-dose use of TAA not only induces liver damage in experimental animals but also accompanies bone damage, which was neglected for a long time. By using TAA to model diseases in experimental animals and controlling TAA dosage, duration of use, and animal exposure environment, we can induce various organ injury models. It should be noted that TAA-induced injuries have a time-dependent effect. Finally, in our daily lives, especially for researchers, we should take precautions to minimize TAA exposure and reduce the probability of related organ injuries.","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting mechanical ventilation need among acutely intoxicated patients with impaired consciousness. 开发并验证用于预测意识受损的急性中毒患者机械通气需求的提名图。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241267214

Heba Ibrahim Lashin, Fatma Gaber Sobeeh, Zahraa Khalifa Sobh

{"title":"Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting mechanical ventilation need among acutely intoxicated patients with impaired consciousness.","authors":"Heba Ibrahim Lashin, Fatma Gaber Sobeeh, Zahraa Khalifa Sobh","doi":"10.1177/09603271241267214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241267214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A considerable portion of acutely intoxicated patients is presented with impaired consciousness. Early identification of those patients who require advanced medical care, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), can improve their prognosis.Methods: This study included 330 acutely intoxicated patients who were presented with impaired consciousness and admitted to Tanta University Poison Control Center, Egypt, in the period from January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were enrolled in derivation (257 patients) and validation (73 patients) cohorts. Patients' data were analyzed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram to determine the probability of MV need in acutely intoxicated patients.Results: Significant predictors for MV need were mean arterial blood pressure (OR = 0.96, p = .014), PaO2 (OR = 0.96, p = .001), pH (OR = 0.00, p < . 001), and glucose/potassium ratio (OR = 1.59, p = .030). These four parameters were used to formulate a bedside nomogram. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the proposed nomogram shows that area under the curve (AUC) = 95.7%, accuracy = 93.4%, sensitivity = 88.9%, and specificity = 95.1%. The internal validation for the developed nomogram was assessed using a bootstrapping method and calibration curve. Regarding external validation, AUCs for the developed nomogram probability was 96.5%, and for predicted probability using the developed nomogram was 97.8%.Conclusion: The current study provides a validated nomogram that could be used as a reliable tool for the accurate prediction of MV need among acutely intoxicated patients with impaired consciousness. It could assist in the early identification of patients who will require MV, especially in low-income countries with limited resources.","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential induction of hyperkeratosis in rats' cervi by gentamicin via induction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. 庆大霉素通过诱导氧化应激、炎症和细胞凋亡可能诱导大鼠宫颈角化过度。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231225744

Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Mina Ezzat Attya, Mohamed Ahmed Zeen El-Din, Alaa Gamal El Satae, Hatem A Mohamed, Remon R Rofaeil

引用次数: 0

Nomogram for predicting mechanical ventilation need among acutely intoxicated patients with impaired consciousness: Correspondence. 预测意识障碍的急性中毒患者机械通气需求的提名图：通讯。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241285992

Hineptch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit

引用次数: 0

Hepatic P53 upregulation and the genotoxic potential of acesulfame-K treatment in rats with a special emphasis on in vitro lymphocyte and macrophage activity testing. 大鼠肝脏 P53 上调和安赛蜜-K 处理的遗传毒性潜力，特别强调体外淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞活性测试。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241236900

Faten F Mohammed, Eman G Abdelrazik, Abeer Anwar, Sherein S Abdelgayed

{"title":"Hepatic P53 upregulation and the genotoxic potential of acesulfame-K treatment in rats with a special emphasis on in vitro lymphocyte and macrophage activity testing.","authors":"Faten F Mohammed, Eman G Abdelrazik, Abeer Anwar, Sherein S Abdelgayed","doi":"10.1177/09603271241236900","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271241236900","url":null,"abstract":"Acesulfame-k (Ace-k) is a widely used artificial sweetener in various products, and long-term cumulative and multisource exposure is possible despite inadequate toxicological data confirming its safety. Ninety male rats were divided into two main groups according to their body weight into immature and mature rats. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups: control untreated, 30 and 90 mg/kg b. w of Ace-k via gastric intubation. The treatment was performed daily 5 days per week for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for in vitro testing of lymphocyte proliferation rate, comet assay, and macrophage activity about nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, the collection of liver specimens was performed for P53 gene expression and histopathological evaluation. The results revealed that Ace-k induced modulation in lymphocyte proliferation rate and affected the production of NO by macrophages while increasing in tail moment in a dose-dependent manner that varied among different age groups. The upregulation of P53 in the liver was correlated with increased polyploidization and necro apoptotic reaction and various histopathological hepatic alterations. The present data revealed that chronic treatment of rats with Ace-k affects lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the genotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of Ace-k were confirmed.","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for glioblastoma are shared by other brain tumor types. 胶质母细胞瘤的风险因素与其他脑肿瘤类型相同。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241241796

Carr J Smith, Thomas A Perfetti, Chirayu Chokshi, Chitra Venugopal, J Wesson Ashford, Sheila K Singh

{"title":"Risk factors for glioblastoma are shared by other brain tumor types.","authors":"Carr J Smith, Thomas A Perfetti, Chirayu Chokshi, Chitra Venugopal, J Wesson Ashford, Sheila K Singh","doi":"10.1177/09603271241241796","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271241241796","url":null,"abstract":"The reported risk factors for glioblastoma (GBM), i.e., ionizing radiation, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Neurofibromatosis I, and Turcot syndrome, also increase the risk of other brain tumor types. Risk factors for human GBM are associated with different oncogenic mutation profiles. Pedigreed domestic dogs with a shorter nose and flatter face (brachycephalic dogs) display relatively high rates of glioma formation. The genetic profiles of canine gliomas are also idiosyncratic. The association of putatively different mutational patterns in humans and canines with GBM suggests that different oncogenic pathways can result in GBM formation. Strong epidemiological evidence for an association between exposure to chemical carcinogens and an increased risk for development of GBM is currently lacking. Ionizing radiation induces point mutations, frameshift mutations, double-strand breaks, and chromosomal insertions or deletions. Mutational profiles associated with chemical exposures overlap with the broad mutational patterns seen with ionizing radiation. Weak statistical associations between chemical exposures and GBM reported in epidemiology studies are biologically plausible. Molecular approaches comparing reproducible patterns seen in spontaneous GBM with analogous patterns found in GBMs resected from patients with known significant exposures to potentially carcinogenic chemicals can address difficulties presented by traditional exposure assessment.","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Milestone for hormesis and human and experimental toxicology. 激素学与人类和实验毒理学的里程碑。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241236274

A Wallace Hayes, Kai Savolainen

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the effectiveness of fresh frozen plasma transfusion as adjuvant treatment in acute organophosphate-poisoned patients: A randomized clinical trial. 评估新鲜冰冻血浆输注作为急性有机磷中毒患者辅助治疗的有效性：随机临床试验。

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241260655

Somaia Abdelhamid, Manal Abel Kareem, Soha Ashry, Sara Saeed

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of fresh frozen plasma transfusion as adjuvant treatment in acute organophosphate-poisoned patients: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Somaia Abdelhamid, Manal Abel Kareem, Soha Ashry, Sara Saeed","doi":"10.1177/09603271241260655","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09603271241260655","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent research has explored new approaches to improving treatment options, which present several challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) as an adjunctive therapy for acute OP intoxication. A prospective single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients of both sexes admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Poison Control Center at Ain Shams University Hospital (PCC-ASUH) with acute OP toxicity during the period from the beginning of August 2022 to the end of July 2023. According to the Peradeniya score, Group I consisted of 48 patients (52%) with moderate OP poisoning, and Group II consisted of 44 patients (48%) with severe OP poisoning. Patients in the moderate group were assigned to receive either standard treatment (Group Ia, n = 24) or standard treatment plus FFP (Group Ib, n = 24). In addition, patients in the severe group were assigned to receive either standard treatment (Group IIa, n = 22) or standard treatment plus FFP (Group IIb, n = 22). A total of 46 patients received FFP transfusion. The authors demonstrated that the early use of a total of nine packs of FFP (250 mL each) over three consecutive days significantly reduced the total doses of atropine and oximes, the total hospitalization period, and the requirement for mechanical ventilation in patients with OP poisoning, both in the moderate and severe groups.","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carvedilol alleviates the detrimental effects of azathioprine on hepatic tissues in experimental rats: Focusing on redox system, inflammatory and apoptosis pathways. 卡维地洛减轻硫唑嘌呤对实验大鼠肝组织的有害影响关注氧化还原系统、炎症和细胞凋亡途径

Human & experimental toxicology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241269003

Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami, Ehab A M El-Shoura, Mohammed I A Hassan

{"title":"Carvedilol alleviates the detrimental effects of azathioprine on hepatic tissues in experimental rats: Focusing on redox system, inflammatory and apoptosis pathways.","authors":"Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami, Ehab A M El-Shoura, Mohammed I A Hassan","doi":"10.1177/09603271241269003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271241269003","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Drug-induced liver injury is becoming an increasingly important topic in drug research and clinical practice. Due to a lack of experimental animal models, predicting drug-induced liver injury in humans is challenging. Azathioprine (AZA) is a classical immunosuppressant with hepatotoxic adverse effects. The present study aimed to address the hepatoprotective effect of carvedilol (CAR) against AZA-induced hepatocellular injury via assessing redox-sensitive signals.Method: To achieve this purpose, rats were allocated into four groups: control, CAR only, AZA only, and CAR plus AZA groups. The induction of hepatic injury was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of AZA at a dose of 50 mg/kg on the 6th day of the experiment. Each experimental protocol was approved and supervised by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments.Results: The results of the present study revealed that CAR administration significantly diminished AZA-induced hepatic dysfunction, as evidenced by relief of hepatic function biomarkers and histopathological aberration induced by AZA injection. Besides, CAR restored oxidant/antioxidant balance as well as NRF2 expression. In addition, CAR suppressed inflammatory response induced by AZA challenge as evidenced by downregulation of TLR4, TNF-α, MPO, and eNOS/iNOS levels in hepatic tissue. Moreover, CAR recovered apoptotic/anti-apoptotic status by modulation of caspase-3/Bcl2 expression.Conclusion: Taken together, CAR protects against AZA-induced hepatic injury via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. These findings revealed that CAR could be a good candidate for hepatic injury protection and can be added to AZA therapeutic regimen to reduce their adverse effect.","PeriodicalId":94029,"journal":{"name":"Human & experimental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0