Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis最新文献

{"title":"CD4⁺CD25⁺CD39⁺ Regulatory T Cells as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Hesham Kamal Habeeb Keryakos, Christina Rafat Kamal, Aliaa Mohamed Monir Higazi","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Current diagnostic reliance on blood cultures leads to delays in treatment initiation, underscoring the need for rapid biomarkers. Emerging evidence suggests that CD4⁺CD25⁺CD39⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) may serve as indicators of immune dysregulation during CRBSI. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate CD4⁺CD25⁺CD39⁺ Tregs as diagnostic biomarkers for CRBSI in HD patients, (2) compare the reliability of dialysis bloodline cultures versus peripheral venipuncture cultures, and (3) determine optimal fever thresholds for CRBSI prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 87 HD patients with suspected CRBSI (42 confirmed CRBSI, 45 non-CRBSI controls). Treg frequencies were quantified using flow cytometry. Paired blood cultures were obtained simultaneously from dialysis bloodlines and peripheral veins. CRBSI was confirmed using CDC criteria (≥ 3-fold higher colony count or ≥ 2-h earlier positivity in catheter-derived cultures).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>CRBSI patients showed markedly elevated Treg frequencies (14.1% ± 4.5% vs. 3.3% ± 2.8%, p < 0.001) with outstanding diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.974, 98.3% sensitivity, 96.3% specificity). Dialysis bloodline cultures demonstrated excellent concordance with peripheral cultures (92% agreement, κ = 0.88). Fever > 38.0°C strongly predicted CRBSI (OR 18.67, p < 0.001; 85% specificity). The diagnostic triad of Tregs > 10%, CRP > 50 mg/L, and fever > 38.0°C achieved exceptional discrimination (AUC 0.93).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CD4⁺CD25⁺CD39⁺ Tregs represent a novel, high-performance biomarker for CRBSI. Combined with validated dialysis line cultures and fever thresholds, they enable rapid diagnosis and early intervention, offering a practical alternative to current culture-dependent approaches in hemodialysis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Limb Pain in Hemodialysis Patients With an Arteriovenous Fistula.","authors":"Cuiping Yuan, Lili Yin, Jiguang Song, Lina Ding, Yufei Yuan, Xianglei Kong","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In hemodialysis patients being dialyzed using an arteriovenous fistula, limb pain is a common problem with multifactorial etiologies, including puncture pain, dialysis access-associated ischemic steal syndrome, ischemic monomelic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, and axillary artery dissection. The common causes of limb pain related to vascular access include direct puncture pain, vascular complications (such as stenosis, thrombosis, aneurysm), and nerve injury. The puncture pain related to dialysis access can be alleviated by local anesthetics (such as lidocaine gel), cryotherapy, and advanced catheter techniques (such as button hole method). The ischemic steal syndrome related to dialysis access requires surgical intervention. Common surgical methods include ligation or vascular reconstruction. Emergency ligation of the fistula is a common surgical approach for ischemic single nerve lesion. For carpal tunnel syndrome, surgical release or wearing a brace is needed to improve the condition. For complex regional pain syndrome, multimodal analgesia and sympathetic nerve block are required. The main treatment method for axillary artery dissection is vascular stent implantation. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment are crucial for maintaining vascular access function and improving patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Adropin and Salusins Circulating Levels in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients With Cardiovascular Events.","authors":"Fatma E S Lashin, Fatma F Abdel Hamid, Amr D M El-Guindy, Dalia S Soliman, Ahmed F Soliman","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Effective management of these patients necessitates the early identification and continuous monitoring of cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of circulating adropin, salusin-α (Sal-α), and salusin-β (Sal-β) levels in ESKD patients, with and without co-occurring CVD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 149 participants, categorized into three groups: healthy controls (n = 50), ESKD patients without CVD (n = 50), and ESKD patients with CVD (n = 49). We measured anthropometric parameters, markers of kidney and cardiac function, and circulating levels of adropin, Sal-α, and Sal-β.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum adropin and Sal-α levels were significantly lower in ESKD patients with CVD compared to both healthy controls and ESKD patients without CVD. Conversely, ESKD patients with CVD exhibited significantly higher Sal-β levels and a higher Sal-β/Sal-α ratio when compared to controls and ESKD patients without CVD. Furthermore, high circulating adropin levels were associated with a decreased risk of CVD, whereas elevated circulating Sal-β levels and an increased Sal-β/Sal-α ratio were associated with an increased CVD risk. The Sal-β level and Sal-β/Sal-α ratio demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating ESKD patients with CVD from those without CVD. Combining these parameters further improved diagnostic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adropin insufficiency and an imbalance in salusin levels (specifically an elevated Sal-β/Sal-α ratio) may play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD in ESKD patients. The circulating levels of adropin and Sal-β, along with the Sal-β/Sal-α ratio, appear to be valuable diagnostic biomarkers for CVD in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Hemodialysis Flow-Dependent Hepatic Function Impairment in Individuals With End Stage Kidney Disease and Chronic Inflammation.","authors":"Oscar Swift, Bobby V M Dasari, Malcolm A Finkelman, Yonglong Zhang, Sivakumar Sridharan, Enric Vilar, Ken Farrington","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The liver plays an important role to prevent translocation of gut-derived toxins from the portal to the systemic circulation. Chronic inflammation is common in patients receiving hemodialysis, and increased gut permeability to microbial material has been implicated in its pathogenesis. This study sought to establish if flow-dependent hepatic function was impaired in chronically inflamed individuals treated with hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty adults receiving outpatient hemodialysis were recruited. Subjects with known liver or gastrointestinal disease, acute inflammation, and hemodynamic instability during hemodialysis were excluded. Participants were divided into two groups (n = 25): individuals with chronic inflammation (defined as a median high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) ≥ 5 mg/dL over the preceding 3 months) with no apparent cause and a noninflamed group. Flow-dependent hepatic function (defined as a composite of hepatic perfusion, hepatocyte clearance and biliary excretion) was assessed following hemodialysis by indocyanine green clearance to derive: (1) indocyanine green-plasma disappearance rate and (2) indocyanine green-retention after 15 min. Serum beta-D-glucan levels pre- and post-hemodialysis were measured as surrogate markers of gastrointestinal permeability.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Indocyanine green-plasma disappearance rate was reduced in the inflamed group versus the noninflamed group (19.4 (8.7)%/min vs. 23.8 (14.4)%/min; p = 0.02). Indocyanine green-retention after 15 min was higher in the inflamed group (5.4 (6.8)% vs. 2.9 (5.0)%; p = 0.02). Noninvasive hepatic fibrosis and steatosis assessments were similar in both groups. Pre-hemodialysis beta-D-glucan levels were similar (63 (42) pg/ml vs. 49 (11) pg/ml; p = 0.13), whereas post-hemodialysis beta-D-glucan levels were higher in the inflamed group (82 (48) pg/ml vs. 58 (27) pg/ml; p < 0.001), and in those with flow-dependent hepatic impairment (72 (45) vs. 55 (32) pg/ml; p = 0.004). In linear regression analysis, indocyanine green-retention after 15 min and post-hemodialysis beta-D-glucan levels were independent predictors of median hs-CRP, explaining 21% of the variation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Individuals with otherwise unexplained inflammation had impaired hepatic function post-hemodialysis and higher post-hemodialysis beta-D-glucan levels. These findings are compatible with the notion that impaired hepatic gut-derived toxin removal propagates chronic inflammation in hemodialysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Knowledge in Adolescents Undergoing Hemodialysis in Palestine: The Impact of a Video-Assisted Educational Program.","authors":"Nawras Fashafsheh, Ping Lei Chui, Mahmoud Danaee, Ahmad Ayed, Lee Lee Lai","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemodialysis is a common initial treatment for young individuals with end-stage renal disease. Educating these patients is crucial for improving their knowledge and well-being. Lifestyle modifications, promoted through health education, are essential for reducing hemodialysis-related complications. Although traditional face-to-face education is prevalent, video-based education offers a more convenient and cost-effective alternative with numerous benefits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a video-assisted educational program on the knowledge of adolescents undergoing hemodialysis in Palestine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest intervention study with 68 adolescent patients (Aged 13-18) diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Patients were divided into two groups based on their treating hospital: an experimental group (n = 34) received video-based education, whereas a control group (n = 34) received traditional face-to-face education. Knowledge in both groups was assessed using the validated Kidney Knowledge Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A Generalized Estimating Equation analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in knowledge scores between the experimental and control groups across pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments (p = 0.024). Furthermore, within both the experimental and control groups, there were statistically significant improvements in total knowledge scores from pretest to posttest and follow-up assessments (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementing effective educational interventions can enhance the knowledge of individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, we recommend using video-based instruction as a practical, easy, and engaging approach for educating hemodialysis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Video Streaming With Virtual Reality Glasses During Arteriovenous Fistula Needle Insertion on Pain and Anxiety of Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis Treatment.","authors":"Sevil Güler, Selçuk Öztürk, Seda Şahan, Ulaş Serkan Topaloğlu","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Virtual reality headsets are increasingly used in medical procedures to help manage pain and anxiety. This study investigated the effect of a video played through a virtual reality headset on pain and anxiety levels during arteriovenous (AV) fistula needle insertion in patients undergoing hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial included 80 patients from a hemodialysis ward, with 40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form (developed by the researcher based on relevant literature to gather descriptive and medical characteristics), the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain severity, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure anxiety levels. The intervention group utilized a virtual reality headset during the procedure. The intervention was applied during a single dialysis treatment.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The mean pain score in the intervention (virtual reality headset) group was 6.2 ± 0.8, significantly lower than the control group's mean pain score of 8.3 ± 0.9 (p < 0.001). The mean State Anxiety Inventory score for the intervention (virtual reality headset) group was 41.9 ± 3.6, which was significantly lower than the control group's mean score of 64.6 ± 3.4 (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this pilot study suggest that using a virtual reality headset significantly reduced both pain and anxiety in patients undergoing AV fistula needle insertion during hemodialysis. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the utility of virtual reality headset use over a prolonged period.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT06776497.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain and Analgesic Use in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Not on Dialysis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nikhil Nair, Murilo Guedes, Shaarav Ghose, Rohan Kumar, Kush Doshi, Natalia Alencar-de Pinho, Charlotte Tu, Brian Bieber, Christian Combe, Helmut Reichel, Christos Argyropoulos, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Rupesh Raina","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic pain is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet pain management in non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) is underexplored. Inappropriate analgesic use poses significant risks in this population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate patterns of analgesic use-specifically opioids and NSAIDs-and associated clinical characteristics in patients with NDD-CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases including PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched in December 2024 using MeSH terms related to CKD, analgesics, opioids, and NSAIDs. Inclusion criteria targeted NDD-CKD patients with reported analgesic use. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed independently by two reviewers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies encompassing 3,674,959 patients were included. Opioid use was reported in 324,111 patients (22.8%), while NSAIDs were used in 1,095,052 (77.1%). Opioid use increased with CKD severity and pain intensity, but was associated with higher mortality, especially in frail or comorbid patients. NSAID use was prevalent in early-stage CKD and associated with nephrotoxic risk and may occur without clinician oversight. Regional variation and inconsistent prescribing practices were noted. No study directly compared opioid vs. NSAID outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Analgesic use in NDD-CKD is widespread and varies by region, CKD stage, and pain severity. Inadequate pain control is common. Standardized guidelines tailored to CKD patients are urgently needed to optimize pain management while minimizing harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Severe Bisoprolol Poisoning Using Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Antonino Previti, Alessandro Panico, Alessandro Visonà Dalla Pozza, Francesco Rizzato, Paolo Luca Lentini","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to our emergency department following the ingestion of approximately thirty 2.5 mg bisoprolol tablets. Initially stable, she rapidly developed severe bradycardia and hypotension, culminating in cardiogenic-distributive shock that required intubation, aggressive vasoactive support, and advanced metabolic therapies. Due to concurrent hepatic and renal dysfunction impairing drug elimination, continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) was initiated as a supportive intervention and potential drug elimination pathway. The patient's condition progressively improved, leading to complete recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to describing our clinical experience, we provide a concise literature review on the use of CKRT in beta-blocker poisoning, highlighting current knowledge gaps and the need for cautious interpretation in the absence of direct pharmacokinetic measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive Iron Versus Reactive Iron in Hemodialysis.","authors":"Gerry George Mathew","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Hemodialysis: A Case Study.","authors":"Yan Yang, Zibo Xiong, Yingying He, Aihong Wang, Xiaoyan Huang, Wei Liang","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) are first-line anticoagulants in hemodialysis but may trigger heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a severe immune-mediated complication. Despite its clinical significance, HIT is often misdiagnosed early, increasing thromboembolic risks and mortality.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present a case of a 61-year-old male patient who developed HIT during initial hemodialysis. The patient exhibited recurrent catheter thrombosis, intermuscular venous thrombosis in the lower extremities, and progressive thrombocytopenia following LMWH administration during dialysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin antibody testing. Shortly after the last dialysis session, the patient developed acute dyspnea and chest pain. Computed tomography angiography of the chest revealed pulmonary embolism. Despite aggressive intervention, the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly, with platelet counts dropping to 5 × 10⁹/L, culminating in a fatal outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of dialysis catheter thrombosis and declining platelet counts constitutes an essential early diagnostic clue for HIT in hemodialysis patients, the recognition of which could prevent fatal thromboembolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94027,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}