C Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.3390/c10010012

Chengwei Zhou, Fan Wu, Yonggong Tang, Boyuan Chai, Jiaxin Liang, Jiangang Han, Weinan Xing, Yudong Huang, Guangyu Wu

引用次数: 0

Prediction of Biochar Yield and Specific Surface Area Based on Integrated Learning Algorithm 基于综合学习算法的生物炭产量和比表面积预测

C Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.3390/c10010010

Xiaohu Zhou, Xiaochen Liu, Linlin Sun, Xinyu Jia, Fei Tian, Yueqin Liu, Zhansheng Wu

{"title":"Prediction of Biochar Yield and Specific Surface Area Based on Integrated Learning Algorithm","authors":"Xiaohu Zhou, Xiaochen Liu, Linlin Sun, Xinyu Jia, Fei Tian, Yueqin Liu, Zhansheng Wu","doi":"10.3390/c10010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010010","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is a biomaterial obtained by pyrolysis with high porosity and high specific surface area (SSA), which is widely used in several fields. The yield of biochar has an important effect on production cost and utilization efficiency, while SSA plays a key role in adsorption, catalysis, and pollutant removal. The preparation of biochar materials with better SSA is currently one of the frontiers in this research field. However, traditional methods are time consuming and laborious, so this paper developed a machine learning model to predict and study the properties of biochar efficiently for engineering through cross-validation and hyper parameter tuning. This paper used 622 data samples to predict the yield and SSA of biochar and selected eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) as the model due to its excellent performance in terms of performance (yield correlation coefficient R2 = 0.79 and SSA correlation coefficient R2 = 0.92) and analyzed it using Shapley Additive Explanation. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix revealed the correlations between the input parameters and the biochar yield and SSA. Results showed the important features affecting biochar yield were temperature and biomass feedstock, while the important features affecting SSA were ash and retention time. The XGBoost model developed provides new application scenarios and ideas for predicting biochar yield and SSA in response to the characteristic input parameters of biochar.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Continuous Reactive-Roll-to-Roll Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Fog Water Harvesting Applications 用于雾水收集应用的碳纳米管辊对辊连续反应生长

C Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/c10010009

Jean-Luc Meunier, Jeanne Ouellet, Kaustubh Basu, Alessio Aufoujal, Richard Boudreault, J. Tavares

{"title":"Continuous Reactive-Roll-to-Roll Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Fog Water Harvesting Applications","authors":"Jean-Luc Meunier, Jeanne Ouellet, Kaustubh Basu, Alessio Aufoujal, Richard Boudreault, J. Tavares","doi":"10.3390/c10010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010009","url":null,"abstract":"A simple method is presented for the continuous generation of carbon nanotube forests stably anchored on stainless-steel surfaces using a reactive-roll-to-roll (RR2R) configuration. No addition of catalyst nanoparticles is required for the CNT-forest generation; the stainless-steel substrate itself is tuned to generate the catalytic growth sites. The process enables very large surfaces covered with CNT forests to have individual CNT roots anchored to the metallic ground through primary bonds. Fog water harvesting is demonstrated and tested as one potential application using long CNT-covered wires. The RR2R is performed in the gas phase; no solution processing of CNT suspensions is used, contrary to usual R2R CNT-based technologies. Full or partial CNT-forest coverage provides tuning of the ratio and shape of hydrophobic and hydrophilic zones on the surface. This enables the optimization of fog water harvesters for droplet capture through the hydrophobic CNT forest and water removal from the hydrophilic SS surface. Water recovery tests using small harp-type harvesters with CNT-forest generate water capture of up to 2.2 g/cm2·h under ultrasound-generated fog flow. The strong CNT root anchoring on the stainless-steel surfaces provides opportunities for (i) robustness and easy transport of the composite structure and (ii) chemical functionalization and/or nanoparticle decoration of the structures, and it opens the road for a series of applications on large-scale surfaces, including fog harvesting.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"49 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots: From Preparation and Modification Methods to Application 石墨烯量子点进展综述：从制备和改性方法到应用

C Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/c10010007

Yibo Cui, Luoyi Liu, Mengna Shi, Yuhao Wang, X. Meng, Yanjun Chen, Que Huang, Changcheng Liu

{"title":"A Review of Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots: From Preparation and Modification Methods to Application","authors":"Yibo Cui, Luoyi Liu, Mengna Shi, Yuhao Wang, X. Meng, Yanjun Chen, Que Huang, Changcheng Liu","doi":"10.3390/c10010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010007","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is a new type of carbon nanometer material. In addition to the excellent properties of graphene, it is superior due to the quantum limit effect and edge effect. Because of its advantages such as water solution, strong fluorescent, small size, and low biological toxicity, it has important application potential in various fields, especially in sensors and biomedical areas, which are mainly used as optical electrical sensors as well as in biological imaging and tumor therapy. In addition, GQDs have very important characteristics, such as optical and electrical properties. There are many preparation methods, divided into top-down and bottom-up methods, which have different advantages and disadvantages, respectively. In addition, the modification methods include heterogeneous doping, surface heterogeneity, etc. There are still many challenges in developing GQDs. For example, the synthesis steps are still hard to conduct, but as the inquiry continues to deepen, GQDs will be revolutionary materials in the future. In this work, the literature concerning research progress on GQDs has been reviewed and summarized, while the key challenges of their application have been pointed out, which may bring new insights to the application of GQDs.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing Activated Hydrochars: A Novel Approach for Pharmaceutical Contaminant Removal 利用活性水垢：去除药物污染物的新方法

C Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/c10010008

Manish Kumar Gautam, Tamal Mondal, Rupashri Nath, Bidhan Mahajon, M. Chincholikar, A. Bose, D. Das, Rakesh Das, Sandip Mondal

{"title":"Harnessing Activated Hydrochars: A Novel Approach for Pharmaceutical Contaminant Removal","authors":"Manish Kumar Gautam, Tamal Mondal, Rupashri Nath, Bidhan Mahajon, M. Chincholikar, A. Bose, D. Das, Rakesh Das, Sandip Mondal","doi":"10.3390/c10010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010008","url":null,"abstract":"Water contamination is a pervasive global crisis, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide, with pharmaceutical contaminants emerging as a significant concern due to their persistence and mobility in aquatic ecosystems. This review explores the potential of activated hydrochars, sustainable materials produced through biomass pyrolysis, to revolutionize the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water sources. These materials possess high surface area, porous structure, and exceptional adsorption capabilities, making them a promising solution. The impact of pharmaceutical contaminants on aquatic ecosystems and human health is far-reaching, affecting biodiversity, water quality, and public health. To address this complex issue, a diverse range of techniques, including adsorption, biodegradation, and advanced oxidation processes, are employed in the pharmaceutical industry. Activated hydrochars offer substantial adsorption capacity, sustainable feedstock origins, and a minimal carbon footprint. This review highlights their potential in pharmaceutical contaminant removal and their broader applications in improving soil and air quality, resource recovery, and sustainable waste management. Interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of intelligent treatment systems are essential to fully unlock the potential of activated hydrochars. Regulatory support and policy frameworks will facilitate their responsible and widespread application, promising a cleaner and more sustainable future. This paper aims to inform scientists, environmental experts, policymakers, and industry stakeholders about the promising role of activated hydrochars in addressing pharmaceutical contaminant challenges.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"36 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manufacturing Carbon Fiber Using Alberta Oilsands Asphaltene with Microwave Plasma Assistance 利用阿尔伯塔油砂沥青在微波等离子体辅助下制造碳纤维

C Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/c10010001

Lin Ge, Sharath Chandra, Talha Zafar, Simon S. Park

{"title":"Manufacturing Carbon Fiber Using Alberta Oilsands Asphaltene with Microwave Plasma Assistance","authors":"Lin Ge, Sharath Chandra, Talha Zafar, Simon S. Park","doi":"10.3390/c10010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010001","url":null,"abstract":"The considerable expenses associated with carbon fiber (CF) production have imposed limitations on its widespread application across diverse industries, primarily due to the costs of precursor materials and energy−intensive post−treatment procedures. This research explores the potential utilization of Alberta oilsands asphaltenes (AOAs), a carbon−rich by−product derived from oilsands extraction, as a more cost−effective precursor for CF production. Polystyrene and poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) were also used as polymer additives. In addition to conventional thermal post−treatment, microwave plasma was employed for the carbonization process. The CFs generated through this approach were subjected to a comprehensive analysis involving SEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The best tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the AOA carbon fibers when using conventional thermal post−treatment were 600 MPa and 70 GPa, respectively. The microwave plasma process indicates the higher temperature and promise of eliminating heteroatoms of AOA carbon fibers. The temperature for microwave plasma modelling was set using COMSOLTM, with the modelling temperature and detection temperature being established at 1600 K and 1568 K, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes Derived from Waste Tire Pyrolytic Carbon and Their Application in the Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane to Produce Hydrogen 利用废轮胎热解碳制造碳纳米管及其在甲基环己烷脱氢制氢中的应用

C Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.3390/c9040121

Hongli Ye, Shuangxi Liu, Dongmei Huang, Chaojun Jiang, Rui Yuan, Cui Zhang

{"title":"Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes Derived from Waste Tire Pyrolytic Carbon and Their Application in the Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane to Produce Hydrogen","authors":"Hongli Ye, Shuangxi Liu, Dongmei Huang, Chaojun Jiang, Rui Yuan, Cui Zhang","doi":"10.3390/c9040121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c9040121","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation of waste tires has resulted in very urgent environmental problems. Pyrolysis has been regarded as a green eco-friendly technology to deal with waste tires, and it is vital to make use of the pyrolysis carbon. Herein, we propose a new way to utilize pyrolysis carbon, to prepare carbon nanotubes with the help of ferrocene. The optimal preparation processes were determined by optimizing the parameters including the solvent, temperature, time, etc. The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy evidenced the successful formation of carbon nanotubes. Meanwhile, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and N2-adsorption showed that the yielded carbon nanotubes featured a large surface area and abundant pore structure in comparison with the pyrolytic carbon. Finally, the as-prepared carbon nanotubes were applied as the supports for Pt-based catalysts for the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane to produce hydrogen. The results showed that the Pt/carbon-nanotubes catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of methylcyclohexane (28.6%), stability, and hydrogen evolution rate (336.9 mmol/gPt/min) compared to the resulting Pt/commercial-activated-carbon (13.6% and 160.2 mmol/gPt/min) and Pt/pyrolytic-carbon catalysts (0.19% and 2.23 mmol/gPt/min).","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon Footprint Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Approaches, Technologies, and Implementation Challenges 减少碳足迹和减缓气候变化：方法、技术和实施挑战综述

C Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.3390/c9040120

N. Lobus, M. A. Knyazeva, Anna F. Popova, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy

{"title":"Carbon Footprint Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Approaches, Technologies, and Implementation Challenges","authors":"N. Lobus, M. A. Knyazeva, Anna F. Popova, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy","doi":"10.3390/c9040120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c9040120","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Industrial Revolution, human economic activity and the global development of society in general have been heavily dependent on the exploitation of natural resources. The use of fossil fuels, deforestation, the drainage of wetlands, the transformation of coastal marine ecosystems, unsustainable land use, and many other unbalanced processes of human activity have led to an increase both in the anthropogenic emissions of climate-active gases and in their concentration in the atmosphere. It is believed that over the past ~150 years these phenomena have contributed to an increase in the global average temperature in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere by ~1 °C. Currently, the most pressing tasks facing states and scientific and civil societies are to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to limit the global air temperature increase. In this regard, there is an urgent need to change existing production systems in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to sequester them. In this review, we consider up-to-date scientific approaches and innovative technologies, which may help in developing roadmaps to reduce the emissions of climate-active gases, control rising temperatures, decarbonize economies, and promote the sustainable development of society in general.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Electrode for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 制备用于氢气进化反应的激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）嵌入式金纳米粒子电极

C Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.3390/c9040118

Deepak Deepak, Vennela Vuruputuri, G. Bhattacharya, James A. McLaughlin, Susanta Sinha Roy

{"title":"Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Electrode for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Deepak Deepak, Vennela Vuruputuri, G. Bhattacharya, James A. McLaughlin, Susanta Sinha Roy","doi":"10.3390/c9040118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c9040118","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of renewable energy technologies like water electrolysis and hydrogen fuel cells relies on the fabrication of effective and reliable catalysts for the hydrogen evolution process (HER). In this regard, we report gold nanoparticles embedded in laser-induced graphene electrodes for regulation of overpotential and electrocatalytic performance of hydrogen evolution reaction. Gold nanoparticles were deposited onto the LIG surface using electrode deposition via cyclic voltammetry (CV) at different cycle lengths. The catalyst fabrication technique enables the manipulation of many electrochemical parameters, such as overpotential value, charge transfer resistance, electrochemical active surface area, and tafel slope, through the adjustment of cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. The LIG-Au@50 sample demonstrates remarkable electrocatalytic characteristics, as evidenced by its low overpotential of 141 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and reduced tafel slope of 131 mV/decade in an acidic environment. Furthermore, the presence of an augmented electrochemical active surface area, a mass activity of 8.80 A/g, and a high turnover frequency of 0.0091 s−1 suggest elevated and significant accessibility to plentiful active sites. A significant decrease in charge transfer resistance resulted in an enhanced rate of the water-splitting reaction.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"18 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes of C, H, and N Elements of Corn Straw during the Microwave Heating Process 微波加热过程中玉米秸秆中 C、H 和 N 元素的变化

C Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.3390/c9040117

Zhihong Liu, Weitao Cao, Man Zhang, Wenke Zhao, Yaning Zhang

{"title":"Changes of C, H, and N Elements of Corn Straw during the Microwave Heating Process","authors":"Zhihong Liu, Weitao Cao, Man Zhang, Wenke Zhao, Yaning Zhang","doi":"10.3390/c9040117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/c9040117","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid growth of the global economy, energy consumption has been steadily increasing, leading to increasing issues such as energy shortages and environmental concerns. Biomass energy, a critical renewable energy source, plays a vital role in advancing low-carbon energy development and resource sustainability. In this study, experiments were conducted to study the migration of C, H, and N elements of corn straw during the microwave heating process, and the effects of residence time, heating temperature, and microwave power were also investigated. The results showed that when the temperature rose, both the proportion of C and H elements fluctuated slightly. Specifically, when the temperature rose from 75 °C to 275 °C, there was a 1.02% increase in the proportion of the C element and a 0.25% decrease in the proportion of the H element. Residence time appeared to be a significant factor influencing the changes in C, H, and N elements. For a 40 min residence time, the proportion of the C element increased from 31.77% to 35.36%, while the proportion of the H element decreased from 4.50% to 3.83%. When there was an increase in the microwave power between 160 W and 200 W, higher temperatures were reached in the samples, leading to the carbonization process of corn straw being more complete. Consequently, the proportion of the C element rose with extended residence time, whereas the proportion of the H element decreased as the residence time increased.","PeriodicalId":9397,"journal":{"name":"C","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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