CNS & neurological disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Guided and Unguided Botulinum Injections for Cervical Dystonia: EMG, Ultrasound, and Anatomic Landmarks.","authors":"Vered Livneh, Achinoam Faust-Socher, Mikhal E Cohen, Yosef Schechter, Ilana Israel, Roni Eichel, Tanya Gurevich, Gilad Yahalom","doi":"10.2174/0118715273304250241226051604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273304250241226051604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulinum Toxin type A (BonTA) is the preferred treatment for Cervical Dystonia (CD). However, the success rate is often suboptimal. One of the reasons for treatment failure is the in accuracy of injections. Some physicians rely on Anatomical Landmarks (AL) for injections, while others use either Ultrasound (US) or Electromyography guidance (EMGg) to improve accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective two-center study compared the therapeutic outcomes of AL-based and EMGg injections with USg injections. Demographic and clinical assessments of previous visits and current visits were recorded between 2019 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one patients were included. Six patients were injected using AL, 14 patients under EMGg, and 31 patients received USg injections. Pain relief was significantly lower for the AL group (40.0% ± 22.4%) compared to both USg and EMGg (81.2% ± 34.0% and 82.2% ± 10.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). Dysphagia was reported in 7.1% of EMGg and 16% of the USg group and none of those treated with AL (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study demonstrated that the clinical outcomes of USg and EMGg BonTA injections are comparable and both techniques are superior to AL. The main side effect observed was dysphagia, which was more common in the USg group, although without reaching statistical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Validation of the Diagnostic Value of Oligodendrocyte-related Genes in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Chen Li, Yan Chen, Yinhui Yao, Yazhen Shang","doi":"10.2174/0118715273339310241205055554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273339310241205055554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AD is a demyelinating disease. Myelin damage initiates the pathological process of AD, resulting in abnormal synaptic function and cognitive decline. The myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes (OL) is a crucial component of white matter. Investigating AD from the perspective of OL may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the association between OL-related genes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using bioinformatics and verify this association via molecular biology experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The AD datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of NCBI. Consensus clustering was employed to determine the subtypes of AD, followed by evaluating the clinical characteristics of these subtypes. Subsequently, immune infiltration analysis of relevant genes and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) were conducted to identify modules and hub genes associated with AD progression. The intersection of genes obtained was analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. To narrow down the scope and identify OL-related genes with diagnostic potential, three machine learning algorithms were utilized. In addition, the eXtreme Sum (XSum) algorithm was used to screen small molecule drug candidates based on the connectivity map (CMAP) database. Finally, these identified genes were validated using Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the three subtypes of AD, Cluster A and Cluster C exhibited increased levels of Braak and neurofibrillary tangles compared to Cluster B. The proportion of females was greater than that of males among the three subclasses of AD. There were no significant differences in age among the three subclasses, but significant differences in gene expression existed. Through WGCNA analysis, 108 genes were identified. Among these, 16 genes were identified as shared genes by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), and support vector machines (SVM) algorithms, and logistic regression further determined 11 genes. The establishment of a nomogram demonstrated the significance of these 11 genes in AD. The \"XSum\" algorithm revealed five drugs with therapeutic potential for AD. qPCR analysis revealed the upregulation and downregulation of the highlighted genes. According to this study, 11 genes related to OL were also found to be associated with immune cell infiltration in AD patients. These genes demonstrated potential diagnostic value for AD. Additionally, we screened five small molecular drugs that exhibit potential therapeutic effects on AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research provides a new perspective for personalized clinical management and treatment of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the Role of Tyrosine and Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Parkinson's Disease: Exploring Nanoparticle-based Gene Therapies.","authors":"Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu, Arnav Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0118715273336139241211071748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273336139241211071748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from the progressive loss of neurons in the brain followed by symptoms such as slowness and rigidity in movement, sleep disorders, dementia and many more. The different mechanisms due to which the neuronal degeneration occurs have been discussed, such as mutation in PD related genes, formation of Lewy bodies, oxidation of dopamine. This review discusses current surgical treatment and gene therapies with novel developments proposed for PD. Gene therapy based on novel approaches will possess more potential advantages over the conventional methods. Currently, gene therapy for such disorders is still under the process of clinical trials and approval. The pathogenesis comes from the breakdown of dopaminergic neurons within substantia nigra (SN) by the action of tyrosinase enzyme and subsequent accumulation of α-synuclein within the neurons. These dopaminergic neurons are the main source of dopamine, the decline of which is responsible for the symptoms. So, gene therapy can possibly provide more stable supplementation and regulate the expression of tyrosinase enzyme, providing better symptomatic relief and lesser side effects. Dopamine replacement therapy is a wellstudied gene therapy method for PD. Another approach involves introducing functional genes for enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase, cyclohydrolases, and decarboxylases with the help of engineered vectors such as AAV and LV. Further, the potential application of nanoparticles in gene therapy as an efficient gene delivery and imaging system has been discussed. Among these, lipidbased nanoparticles such as PILs offer important benefits in terms of enhanced bioavailability, permeability to the cells, and solubility. So, this review paper summarizes some of the advanced gene therapy approaches for PD and the current status of clinical research in the development of gene therapy using nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Contaminants Target Brain Health.","authors":"Uma Agarwal, Arzoo Pannu, Rajiv Kumar Tonk","doi":"10.2174/0118715273338071241213101016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273338071241213101016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodisease, caused by undesired substances, can lead to mental health conditions like depression, anxiety and neurocognitive problems like dementia. These substances can be referred to as contaminants that can cause damage, corruption, and infection or reduce brain functionality. Contaminants, whether conceptual or physical, have the ability to disrupt many processes. These observations motivate us to investigate contaminants and neurotoxicity collaboratively. This study investigates the link between pollutants and neuro-disease, examining transmission pathways and categorization. It also provides information on resources, causes, and challenges to minimize contamination risks. Contamination may cause various neuro-diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multi-system atrophy, Huntington's, autism spectrum disorder, psychiatric disorder, dementia, meningitis, encephalitis, schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. The negative effects depend on the nature and extent of exposure. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, focusing on studies published till 2024. Studies were selected based on their examination of the relationship between environmental contaminants and brain health, emphasizing transmission pathways and the resulting neurological outcomes. Findings indicate that contaminants can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via nasal, gut, and auditory routes, triggering harmful neurophysiological processes. This review highlights the urgent need for increased global awareness, policy interventions, and preventive measures to mitigate the long-term impacts of environmental contaminants on brain health, particularly in emerging nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of T-006 on Alzheimer's Disease Models by Modulating TLR4-Mediated MyD88/ NF-κB Signaling.","authors":"Haiyun Chen, Xiao Chang, Jiemei Zhou, Guiliang Zhang, Jiehong Cheng, Zaijun Zhang, Jieyu Xing, Chunyan Yan, Zheng Liu","doi":"10.2174/0118715273337232241121113048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273337232241121113048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neuroinflammation derived from the activation of the microglia is considered a vital pathogenic factor of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). T-006, a tetramethylpyrazine derivative, has been found to alleviate cognitive deficits via inhibiting tau expression and phosphorylation in AD transgenic mouse models. Recently, T-006 has been proven to dramatically decrease the levels of total Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and suppress the expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, we have further investigated the effects of T-006 on neuroinflammation in AD-like pathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anti-inflammatory effects of T-006 and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AD rats. The potential protective effects against LPS-activated microglia-mediated neurotoxicity were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T-006 significantly improved the cognitive impairment in LPS-induced AD rats by inhibiting the microglia/astrocyte activation. Further cellular assays found that T-006 significantly reserved the anomalous elevation of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells in a concentration-dependent manner, while T-006 treatment alone showed no effects on the normal cultured cells. T-006 also reduced the levels of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Myeloid Differentiation protein-88 (MyD88)/NF-κB signaling-related proteins in BV2 cells exposed to LPS stimulation. TAK242, which selectively inhibits TLR4, slightly lessened the effects of T-006 in LPS-treatment BV2 cells without significance. Importantly, T-006 protected neurons against LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and maintaining mitochondrial function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T-006 inhibited TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways to suppress neuroinflammation in the LPS-induced AD rat model.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Glial Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Aparna Inamdar, Bannimath Gurupadayya, Himanshu Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0118715273337007241115102118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273337007241115102118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of glial cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, in the pathophysiology of ASD. Glial cells are crucial for maintaining homeostasis, modulating synaptic function, and responding to neural injury. Dysregulation of glial cell functions, including altered cytokine production, impaired synaptic pruning, and disrupted neuroinflammatory responses, has been implicated in ASD. Molecular mechanisms underlying these disruptions involve aberrant signaling pathways, such as the mTOR pathway, and epigenetic modifications, leading to altered gene expression profiles in glial cells. Moreover, microglial activation and reactive astrocytosis contribute to an inflammatory environment that exacerbates neural circuit abnormalities. Understanding these molecular mechanisms opens avenues for therapeutic interventions. Current therapeutic approaches targeting glial cell dysfunction include anti-inflammatory agents, modulators of synaptic function, and cell-based therapies. Minocycline and ibudilast have shown potential for modulating microglial activity and reducing neuroinflammation. Additionally, advancements in gene editing and stem cell therapy hold promise for restoring normal glial function. This abstract underscores the importance of glial cells in ASD. It highlights the need for further research to elucidate the complex interactions between glial dysfunction and ASD pathogenesis, aiming to develop targeted therapies that can ameliorate the clinical manifestations of ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronized Glioma Insights: Trends, Blood Group Correlations, Staging Dynamics, and the Vanguard of Liquid Biopsy Advancements.","authors":"Ryan Adnan Sheikh, Salma Naqvi, Ayman Mohammed Al-Sulami, Mohammed Bayamin, Abdullaha Samsahan, Mirza Rafi Baig, Fahad A Al-Abbasi, Naif A R Almalki, Turky Omar Asar, Firoz Anwar","doi":"10.2174/0118715273306577240612053957","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715273306577240612053957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gliomas are the most frequent, heterogeneous group of tumors arising from glial cells, characterized by difficult monitoring, poor prognosis, and fatality. Tissue biopsy is an established procedure for tumor cell sampling that aids diagnosis, tumor grading, and prediction of prognosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We studied and compared the levels of liquid biopsy markers in patients with different grades of glioma. Also, we tried to prove the potential association between glioma and specific blood group antigens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>78 patients were found, among whom the maximum percentage with glioblastoma had blood group O+ (53.8%). The second highest frequency had blood group A+ (20.4%), followed by B+ (9.0%) and A- (5.1%), and the least with O-. Liquid biopsy biomarkers included Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocytes, Urea, Alkaline phosphatase (AST), Neutrophils, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). The levels of all the components increased significantly with the severity of the glioma, with maximum levels seen in glioblastoma (grade IV), followed by grade III and grade II, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gliomas have significant clinical challenges due to their progression with heterogeneous nature and aggressive behavior. A liquid biopsy is a non-invasive approach that aids in setting up the status of the patient and figuring out the tumor grade; therefore, it may show diagnostic and prognostic utility. Additionally, our study provides evidence to prove the role of ABO blood group antigens in the development of glioma. However, future clinical research on liquid biopsy will improve the sensitivity and specificity of these tests and confirm their clinical usefulness to guide treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator PNU120596 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Cognitive Impairment by Regulating the PPAR-α Signaling Pathway in Mice.","authors":"Sami Alzarea, Shafiqur Rahman","doi":"10.2174/0118715273311527240916050749","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715273311527240916050749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) has a critical role in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involving neuroinflammation. The α7 nAChR stimulation has been shown to modulate the anti-inflammatory effects of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) via its endogenous ligands in the brain. The present study determined the effects of α7 nAChR modulator PNU120596 on PPAR-α, an inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in an inflammatory mouse model of MDD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also evaluated the combined effects of PNU120596 and GW6471, a PPAR-α antagonist, on depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors in mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with PNU120596, followed by systemic LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. The effects of PNU120596 on the mRNA expression of PPAR-α and IκB were assessed in the hippocampus and PFC using qRT-PCR following LPS administration. Similarly, the effects of PNU120596 on the immunoreactivity of PPAR-α and NF-κB were measured in the hippocampus and PFC using an immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, the effects of PNU120596 on pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels were measured in the hippocampus and PFC using ELISA. The combined effects of PNU120596 and GW6471 were also assessed against LPS-induced depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors using the Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Y-maze test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PNU120596 (4 mg/kg) significantly prevented LPS-induced dysregulation of PPAR-α, IκB, p-NF-κB p⁶⁵, and IL-1β in the hippocampus and PFC. Pretreatment with PNU120596 showed significant antidepressant-like effects by reducing immobility time in the TST and FST. Similarly, pretreatment with PNU120596 significantly reduced cognitive deficit-like behavior in the Y-maze test. The antidepressant and pro-cognitive-like effects of PNU120596 were reversed by PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (2 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that PNU120596 prevented LPS-induced MDD and cognitivelike behavior by regulating α7 nAChR/PPAR-α signaling pathway in the hippocampus and PFC.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"234-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets.","authors":"Veerta Sharma, Thakur Gurjeet Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715273324551241008111827","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715273324551241008111827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischemic injury to the brain can result in a variety of life-threatening conditions, mortality, or varying degrees of disability. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF 1α), an oxygen- sensitive transcription factor that controls the adaptive metabolic response to hypoxia, is a critical constituent of cerebral ischemia. It participates in numerous processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and plays a major role in cerebral ischemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through the use of a number of different search engines like Scopus, PubMed, Bentham, and Elsevier databases, a literature review was carried out for investigating the pharmacological modulation of HIF-1α pathways for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Various signalling pathways, such as Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase/ signal transducers and activators (JAK/STAT), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K), and cAMPresponse element binding protein (CREB) play a vital role in modulation of HIF-1α pathway, which helps in preventing the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pharmacological modulation of the HIF-1α pathway via various molecular signalling pathways, such as PI3-K, MAPK, CREB, and JAK/STAT activators, offer a promising prospect for future interventions and treatment for cerebral ischemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"208-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep-Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Oscar Arias-Carrion, Emmanuel Ortega-Robles, Daniel Ortuno-Sahagun, Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez, Aya Hamid, Ali Shalash","doi":"10.2174/0118715273314675240820191447","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715273314675240820191447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's Disease (PD) is frequently associated with a spectrum of sleep-related disorders, including insomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), REM sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD), Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), and Sleep-related Breathing Disorders (SBDs). These disorders significantly impact PD patients' Quality of Life (QoL) and present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review has explored the intricate relationship between PD and sleep-related disorders, emphasizing their distinctive features and underlying neurobiological mechanisms. It aimed to consolidate current knowledge to optimize clinical management and improve patient care. The profound impact of these disorders on QoL has been evaluated, along with precise diagnostic methodologies. Additionally, various therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological interventions, and device-aided therapies, have been examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sleep-related disorders are prevalent among PD patients. Specifically, RBD exhibits a prevalence of 40-50%, often preceding the onset of motor symptoms, indicating its potential as an early marker of PD. Despite their significant impact on QoL, these non-motor symptoms are frequently under-recognized and inadequately managed in clinical practice. Pharmacological treatments, along with nonpharmacological interventions, like cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia and lifestyle modifications, have shown varied efficacy. Device-aided therapies have also demonstrated the potential to improve sleep-related disorders and overall non-motor symptom burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective management of sleep-related disorders in PD calls for personalized, comprehensive, and multimodal therapeutic approaches. This requires the collaborative efforts of neurologists, sleep specialists, psychiatrists, and other healthcare professionals. Future research should focus on the intricate relationship between PD and sleep disorders, aiming to develop innovative treatments and significantly improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"132-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}