CHEST critical care最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of Medical Mistrust Among Surrogate Decision-Makers of Patients in the ICU at High Risk of Death","authors":"Scott T. Vasher MD, MSCR ,&nbsp;Jeff Laux PhD ,&nbsp;Shannon S. Carson MD ,&nbsp;Blair Wendlandt MD, MSCR","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medical mistrust may worsen communication between ICU surrogate decision-makers and intensivists. The prevalence of and risk factors for medical mistrust among surrogate decision-makers are not known.</div></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><div>What are the potential sociodemographic risk factors for high medical mistrust among surrogate decision-makers of critically ill patients at high risk of death?</div></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><div>In this pilot cross-sectional study conducted at a single academic medical center between August 2022 and August 2023, adult patients admitted to the medical ICU and their surrogate decision-makers were enrolled. All patients were incapacitated at enrollment with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores of ≥ 7 or required mechanical ventilation with vasopressor infusion. Surrogate decision-maker sociodemographic characteristics were age, race, sex, education, relationship to the patient, employment, prior exposure to a loved one transitioning to hospice or comfort-focused care, and religiousness. The primary outcome was surrogate decision-maker medical mistrust, measured using the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale. Multiple linear regression was used to determine sociodemographic characteristics associated with higher medical mistrust.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one patients and their surrogate decision-makers were enrolled during the study period, surpassing our goal of 30 pairs and indicating recruitment feasibility. Mean ± SD surrogate age was 53.8 ± 14.5 years, 24 surrogates were female, and mean medical mistrust score was 17.1 ± 5.4. Race was associated with medical mistrust, with Black participants showing higher medical mistrust compared with White participants (β =10.21; 95% CI, 3.40-17.02; <em>P</em> = .010). Religiousness was associated with lower medical mistrust (β = –2.94; 95% CI, –4.43 to –1.41; <em>P = .</em>003). Prior exposure to hospice or comfort-focused care was associated with higher medical mistrust (β = 7.06; 95% CI, 1.21-12.91; <em>P = .</em>025).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>We found that recruiting ICU surrogates and measuring medical mistrust within 48 h of ICU admission was feasible. Several surrogate sociodemographic characteristics were associated with changes in medical mistrust. These preliminary findings will inform the design of future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SONIC CENTRAL Study","authors":"Tessa A. Mulder MD ,&nbsp;Linda Becude MD ,&nbsp;Jorge E. Lopez Matta MD ,&nbsp;Wilbert B. van den Hout PhD ,&nbsp;David J. van Westerloo MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Martijn P. Bauer MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Estimating central venous pressure (CVP) is essential in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment guidance of most hospitalized patients. It is unknown how different noninvasive bedside methods to estimate CVP correlate with each other and which method has the best accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><div>Which noninvasive bedside method to estimate CVP has the best accuracy to detect elevated CVP?</div></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><div>During this prospective, single-center, observational study, we included patients admitted to the ward or ICU who already had an indwelling central venous catheter and who did not undergo positive pressure ventilation. We measured height of the fluid column in the external jugular vein (EJV) according to the Lewis and Borst method (EJV height), maximum and minimum diameters and height of the fluid column of the internal jugular vein (IJV; IJV height) using ultrasound, and diameters of the inferior vena cava (IVC) throughout a respiratory cycle and sniffing. We then compared these measurements with intravenously measured CVP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety patients were included. Twenty-seven patients (30%) showed CVP of ≥ 10 mm Hg. All measurements had a significant correlation with CVP, except for the diameter of the IJV. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for IJV height, EJV height, maximum diameter, and collapsibility on inspiration of the IVC were 0.85, 0.80, 0.78, and 0.76 respectively. The interobserver agreement was good to excellent. We estimated continuous likelihood ratios for the measurements to aid clinical decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our results indicated that EJV height, IJV height, IVC diameter, and IVC collapsibility can be used to identify an elevated CVP in hospitalized patients. Among these, ultrasonographic estimation of the height of the fluid column in the IJV is quick and easy and allows identification of an elevated CVP with the best reproducibility and accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Registration</h3><div>National Trial Register; ID: NL-OMON22937; URL: <span><span>https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/22937</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of In-Hospital Administration of a Tool to Predict Persistent Post-ICU Functional Impairment Among Older ICU Survivors","authors":"Julia A. Stevenson BA ,&nbsp;Terrence E. Murphy PhD ,&nbsp;Baylah Tessier-Sherman MPH ,&nbsp;Margaret A. Pisani MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Gill MD ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Ferrante MD, MHS","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A recent international consensus conference called for the development of risk prediction models to identify ICU survivors at increased risk of each of the post-ICU syndrome domains. We previously developed and validated a risk prediction tool for functional impairment after ICU admission among older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><div>In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility of administering the risk prediction tool in the hospital to older adults who had just survived critical illness. An exploratory objective was to evaluate whether augmentation of the model with additional hospital-related factors improved discrimination.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><div>Between January and October 2020, 50 adults aged 65 years and older underwent in-hospital administration of the risk prediction tool. Survivors were called monthly for 6 months after discharge. Feasibility was defined as completion of all tool components by ≥ 70% of enrolled participants. Persistent functional impairment was defined as failure to return to the functional baseline from before the ICU stay at the 6-month interview based on seven daily activities. The model was sequentially refit after adding three in-hospital factors as predictors, one at a time and then all together. Model discrimination was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The tool met the a priori feasibility threshold, with 92.0% of enrolled participants completing all eight components. In the exploratory analysis, the addition of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, presence of delirium, and maximum in-hospital mobility resulted in a 5% gain in discrimination that did not achieve statistical significance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68-0.82; <em>P</em> = .09).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our results indicate that the risk prediction tool is feasible for use in the hospital setting, enabling the identification of ICU survivors at high risk of persistent functional impairment at 6 months after discharge. Augmentation with hospital-related factors improved model discrimination, but did not achieve statistical significance in this pilot study. Future studies should evaluate the augmented model in larger cohorts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar Rush","authors":"Andrew J. Boyle PhD ,&nbsp;Adam M. Deane PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788424000443/pdfft?md5=7f17d804f410309f213fddc342bdfb21&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788424000443-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the Gap","authors":"Isabel A. Mangaoang PharmD ,&nbsp;Kendra J. Schomer PharmD ,&nbsp;Rachelle L. Firestone PharmD ,&nbsp;Jeremiah J. Duby PharmD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Induction agents are administered to decrease the risk of discomfort, awareness, and psychological sequelae during procedural paralysis (eg, rapid sequence intubation). The expected duration of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents exceeds that of induction sedatives. The resulting sedation gap may increase the risk of awake paralysis.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>The objective of this study was to elucidate the prevalence and duration of sedation gaps in critically ill patients undergoing bedside procedural paralysis.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of critically ill adults who received rocuronium for a bedside procedure. The primary outcome was the sedation gap, which was the cumulative time of inadequate sedation during presumed paralysis (ie, 60 min after rocuronium). Secondary outcomes included the sedation gap when a pharmacist was present at the bedside. Descriptive statistics were used for baseline characteristics and the primary outcome. Log-rank and Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> tests were used to analyze secondary outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eighty patients were included in the final analysis. The average age was 60 years and 57% of patients were male. The most common indication for procedural paralysis was rapid sequence intubation (99%). Most procedures were performed in the ED (55%), followed by the ICU (43.8%). Eighty-five percent of patients experienced a sedation gap of any duration. The median sedation gap was 19 min (interquartile range [IQR], 4-47.5 min). The probability of initiating adequate sedation was higher when a pharmacist was present at the bedside (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.42-1.55], bootstrapping log-rank test). The median sedation gap with a pharmacist (11 min [IQR, 3-27.5 min]) was significantly lower than without a pharmacist (40 min [IQR, 17-55 min]; <em>P</em> = .0115, Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>In this critically ill cohort, a substantial prevalence and duration of inadequate sedation was experienced after receiving rocuronium for bedside procedures. Further study is needed to identify if sedation gaps correlate with an increased risk of psychological morbidities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788424000431/pdfft?md5=d3ad7f3d4078c5c0f5f838adea87b630&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788424000431-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Move Away From Arbitrariness","authors":"Somnath Bose MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788424000418/pdfft?md5=5af924eb432cf96f9c98a6cc7c923ff6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788424000418-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Triage to Pediatric vs Adult ICUs Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma Exacerbations","authors":"Burton H. Shen MD ,&nbsp;Aaron C. Dobie MD ,&nbsp;Sara L. Shusterman MD ,&nbsp;Mine Duzgol MD ,&nbsp;Collin Homer-Bouthiette MD ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Kearney MD ,&nbsp;Julia Newman MD ,&nbsp;Brandon Pang MD ,&nbsp;Divya A. Shankar MD ,&nbsp;Jingzhou Zhang MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Kari R. Gillmeyer MD ,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Bosch MD ,&nbsp;Anica C. Law MD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>More than 90,000 children and adults in the United States are hospitalized with an asthma exacerbation annually, and between 5% and 34% of these hospitalizations include admission to an ICU. It is unclear how adolescent and young adults with severe asthma exacerbations are triaged in the inpatient setting between PICUs and adult ICUs. Using a large multicenter US cohort, we characterized how hospitals triage adolescents and young adults with asthma exacerbations between PICUs and adult ICUs.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>How do hospitals across the United States triage adolescents and young adults with asthma exacerbations between PICUs and adult ICUs?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>This was a retrospective cohort study carried out from 2016 through 2022 using the enhanced-claims PINC AI database. Participants were patients aged 12 to 26 years who were hospitalized with an asthma exacerbation and admitted to a PICU or adult ICU. We used nested hierarchical multivariable regression models to quantify changes in the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; a measure of variation in triage decisions attributable to hospital of admission after accounting for covariables).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Analyses included 3,946 admissions from 93 hospitals. Stratified by age, the percent of patients admitted to PICUs dropped by 26.9% between 17 and 18 years of age. In the nested models, the ICC showed a large decrease going from the empty model (28.7%) to the age-adjusted model (4.5%), but was similar between the age-adjusted and fully adjusted model (3.4%).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Our results showed that among adolescents and young adults with asthma exacerbations, age of 18 years or younger was a strong determinant of PICU triage. Further research is needed to understand differences in asthma care and outcomes between PICUs and adult ICUs, as well as how intermediate care units affect triage decision-making from wards and the ED.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294978842400042X/pdfft?md5=b45937bedd1e537b3be53921b82ffb3c&pid=1-s2.0-S294978842400042X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasopressors Administration Through Midline Catheters","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788424000406/pdfft?md5=7c12ab6643f5aa1ad261c765deba483a&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788424000406-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation in Nonventilated Patients Who Are Critically Ill on Length of Stay, Oxygenation, and Pulmonary Complications","authors":"Anwar Hassan MHSc ,&nbsp;Stephen Huang PhD ,&nbsp;Fiona Fitzsimons BASc ,&nbsp;Deepa Shetty MBBS ,&nbsp;Richard Evans MBBS ,&nbsp;Jennifer A Alison PhD ,&nbsp;Maree A Milross PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pulmonary complications such as chest infection and pulmonary atelectasis may lead to respiratory failure, prolonged ICU stay, and poor outcomes. Routine application of respiratory physiotherapy interventions is not supported by the current body of evidence. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is used to treat various clinical conditions; however, the evidence to support its effectiveness in the ICU remains weak. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IPV in improving outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>What is the effect of IPV on ICU length of stay, oxygenation, and pulmonary complications in nonventilated patients who are critically ill compared with commonly applied chest physiotherapy (CPT)?</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a randomized controlled trial. Of 201 patients screened, 106 were recruited. Participants with a respiratory impairment were randomly allocated to either the IPV or the CPT group. Both groups received two treatment sessions daily. Data were analyzed for 100 participants for ICU length of stay, changes in oxygenation, respiratory rate, and radiologic findings.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median length of stay in the IPV group was 3.5 days (1.9, 5.9); in the CPT group, the length of stay was 5.2 days (3.4, 9.9). The mean difference in length of stay was 1.56 days (95% CI, 1.2-2.1; <em>P</em> = .002). The between-group difference (IPV minus CPT) for preintervention to postintervention peripheral oxygen saturation was 0.94% (95% CI, 0.43-1.45; <em>P</em> &lt; .001). The between-group difference (IPV minus CPT) in respiratory rate was 2.1 breaths/minute (95% CI, 0.9-3.2; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). No significant difference in radiologic atelectasis score was observed (<em>P</em> = .65).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>This study showed that the IPV intervention reduced ICU length of stay and respiratory rate, with a small improvement in oxygenation compared with CPT interventions in nonventilated patients. The use of IPV intervention may improve outcomes in patients who are critically ill with impaired respiratory function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788424000224/pdfft?md5=2999a6d219939625b8190a2dd3362a1a&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788424000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Tracheobronchial Colonization Following Tracheal Intubation in Patients With Neurologic Injury Who Are Ventilated","authors":"Estelle Danche MD ,&nbsp;Sylvain Meyer PharmD ,&nbsp;Elie Guichard MSc ,&nbsp;Ana Catalina Hernandez Padilla MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Fedou MD ,&nbsp;Philippe Vignon MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Olivier Barraud PharmD, PhD ,&nbsp;Bruno François MD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The characteristics and course of endotracheal secretions have scarcely been studied in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) at risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>Can endotracheal secretions be exhaustively described and what is their predictive value for the diagnosis of VAP during MV?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>This single-center prospective study included neuro-injured patients with neurologic injury requiring MV for at least 7 days. Patients with pulmonary and infectious diseases were ineligible. All endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) collected between tracheal intubation and day 7 were analyzed. Macroscopic characteristics and microbiology were assessed. Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was calculated daily. An anonymized adjudication committee validated all VAP events.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-eight patients and 1,544 ETAs were analyzed. Overall, 81% of the ETAs were purulent, and 50% were thick. Culture results showed high interindividual and intraindividual variability. Ten patients (21%) developed early-onset VAP. Eight patients (80%) with VAP and 14 (37%) without VAP had a Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score &gt; 6. The day prior to VAP diagnosis, a 20 mL increase in ETA volume detected VAP with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 93%.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>This study provides new information regarding the course of respiratory colonization in patients who are mechanically ventilated and suggests that ETA color/aspects and pathogen kinetics cannot predict VAP. Traditional VAP criteria (Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score and bacterial load) also had a low diagnostic specificity. Conversely, an increase in secretion volume should alert for VAP development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788424000297/pdfft?md5=f8a9d2a3710d2e4c53d03e8fb17494de&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788424000297-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}