{"title":"STAT3 axis in cancer and cancer stem cells: From oncogenesis to targeted therapies.","authors":"Deepika Godugu, Rameswari Chilamakuri, Saurabh Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor that is essential in regulating cellular homeostasis. Aberrant and persistent activation of STAT3 triggers the oncogenic progression of multiple cancers. STAT3 can be activated by both canonical and non-canonical pathways, leading to its nuclear translocation and regulation of the transcription of multiple target genes to promote tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, differentiation, inflammation, immune evasion, and angiogenesis. Persistent activation of STAT3 correlates with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. Notably, STAT3 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), contributing to disease relapse, metastasis, and poor clinical outcomes. Given its multifaceted role in tumor biology, STAT3 is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Various small molecules, peptides, and natural compounds targeting STAT3 are currently under different stages of preclinical and clinical evaluation. Despite promising advances, challenges such as drug resistance, selectivity, and toxicity remain obstacles in the development of effective STAT3-targeted therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of STAT3 structure, activation mechanisms, and its functional role in tumor biology and CSC maintenance. We also highlight current progress in STAT3-targeted therapeutic strategies, including agents in clinical trials, and discuss the future potential of STAT3 inhibition in precision oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":93897,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":" ","pages":"189461"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"E-cadherin: A potential biomarker in cancer and a therapeutic target.","authors":"Puja Kumari, Sagarika Dash, Dibyendu Samanta","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumorigenesis is a complex, multifaceted process that deregulates normal cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. The primary factors driving tumorigenesis include the activation of oncogenes, inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, and the disruption of cell-cell contact. E-cadherin, a critical component of adherens junctions, plays an integral role in cell adhesion, maintaining tissue integrity, and contributing to developmental processes. E-cadherin facilitates the regulation of proliferation through contact inhibition under physiological conditions, acting as a tumor suppressor, and the alterations in E-cadherin expression are a major driving force in the development of various cancers. However, ongoing research has revealed the significance of E-cadherin in cancer progression, emphasizing its functional duality in tumorigenesis. This review summarizes E-cadherin's diverse and complex functions in various cancers, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and its role as a potential cancer biomarker across different cancer types. Further, we highlight numerous therapeutic strategies designed to target E-cadherin expression to treat various cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":93897,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":" ","pages":"189466"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bashar A Alhasan, Alexey V Morozov, Irina V Guzhova, Boris A Margulis
{"title":"The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the regulation of tumor dormancy and recurrence.","authors":"Bashar A Alhasan, Alexey V Morozov, Irina V Guzhova, Boris A Margulis","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor recurrence is a mechanism triggered in sparse populations of cancer cells that usually remain in a quiescent state after strict stress and/or therapeutic factors, which is affected by a variety of autocrine and microenvironmental cues. Despite thorough investigations, the biology of dormant and/or cancer stem cells is still not fully elucidated, as for the mechanisms of their reawakening, while only the major molecular patterns driving the relapse process have been identified to date. These molecular patterns profoundly interfere with the elements of cellular proteostasis systems that support the efficiency of the recurrence process. As a major proteostasis machinery, we review the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in tumor cell dormancy and reawakening, devoting particular attention to the functions of its components, E3 ligases, deubiquitinating enzymes and proteasomes in cancer recurrence. We demonstrate how UPS components functionally or mechanistically interact with the pivotal proteins implicated in the recurrence program and reveal that modulators of the UPS hold promise to become an efficient adjuvant therapy for eradicating refractory tumor cells to impede tumor relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":93897,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":" ","pages":"189119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay, Rudradeep Hazra, Arijit Mallick, Sakuntala Gayen, Souvik Roy
{"title":"A review exploring the fusion of oncolytic viruses and cancer immunotherapy: An innovative strategy in the realm of cancer treatment.","authors":"Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay, Rudradeep Hazra, Arijit Mallick, Sakuntala Gayen, Souvik Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are increasingly recognized as potent tools in cancer therapy, effectively targeting and eradicating oncogenic conditions while sparing healthy cells. They enhance antitumor immunity by triggering various immune responses throughout the cancer cycle. Genetically engineered OVs swiftly destroy cancerous tissues and activate the immune system by releasing soluble antigens like danger signals and interferons. Their ability to stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity makes them particularly attractive in cancer immunotherapy. Recent advancements involve combining OVs with other immune therapies, yielding promising results. Transgenic OVs, designed to enhance immunostimulation and specifically target cancer cells, further improve immune responses. This review highlights the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs and underscores their synergistic potential with other immunotherapies. It also proposes strategies for optimizing armed OVs to bolster immunity against tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":93897,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":"1879 4","pages":"189110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyi Liu, Ruiyue Dang, Wei Zhang, Jidong Hong, Xuejun Li
{"title":"SNARE proteins: Core engines of membrane fusion in cancer.","authors":"Hongyi Liu, Ruiyue Dang, Wei Zhang, Jidong Hong, Xuejun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vesicles are loaded with a variety of cargoes, including membrane proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, and various enzymes, etc. Not surprisingly, vesicle transport is essential for proper cellular life activities including growth, division, movement and cellular communication. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate membrane fusion of vesicles with their target compartments that is fundamental for cargo delivery. Recent studies have shown that multiple SNARE family members are aberrantly expressed in human cancers and actively contribute to malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Here, the localization and function of SNARE proteins in eukaryotic cells are firstly mapped. Then we summarize the expression and regulation of SNAREs in cancer, and describe their contribution to cancer progression and mechanisms, and finally we propose engineering botulinum toxin as a strategy to target SNAREs for cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93897,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":" ","pages":"189148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}