Bui Quoc Thang, T. Furugaki, M. Osaka, Yutaka Watanabe, S. Kanemoto, F. Suetsugu, Y. Hiramatsu
{"title":"Mid-Term Outcomes of a Modification of Extended Aortic Arch Anastomosis with Pulmonary Artery Banding in Single Ventricle Neonates with Hypoplastic Transverse Arch.","authors":"Bui Quoc Thang, T. Furugaki, M. Osaka, Yutaka Watanabe, S. Kanemoto, F. Suetsugu, Y. Hiramatsu","doi":"10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00170","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000There is less certainty regarding the best strategy for treating neonates with functional single ventricle (SV) and hypoplastic aortic arch. We have applied a modified extended aortic arch anastomosis (EAAA) and main pulmonary artery banding (PAB) as an initial palliation in neonates with transverse arch hypoplasia and assessed the mid-term outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000In total, 10 neonates with functional SV and extensive hypoplasia or interruption of the arch underwent a modified EAAA (extended arch anastomosis with a subclavian flap) concomitant with main PAB through a thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. Patient age and weight ranged from 4 to 14 days and 2.3 to 3.8 kg, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000There were no hospital deaths although there were two late deaths. Gradients across the arch were 0 to 7 mmHg at postoperative day 1 and no arch reoperations were required. Two patients required balloon aortoplasty. Nine underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and two of them needed concomitant Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS) anastomosis. Six have completed Fontan.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our modification of EAAA with main PAB for SV neonates may benefit a certain population with transverse arch hypoplasia as an option to be considered. Patients with the potential for developing outflow obstruction may be best managed with an initial DKS-type palliation.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"7 1","pages":"340-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84153029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Nicolini, D. Fortuna, G. A. Contini, D. Pacini, D. Gabbieri, R. De Palma, T. Gherli
{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Conventional Aortic Valve Replacement in High-Risk Patients: Where Do We Stand?","authors":"F. Nicolini, D. Fortuna, G. A. Contini, D. Pacini, D. Gabbieri, R. De Palma, T. Gherli","doi":"10.5761/ATCS.OA.16-00165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/ATCS.OA.16-00165","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000The introduction of transcatheter aortic valves has focused attention on the results of conventional aortic valve surgery in high-risk patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate 5-years outcomes in this category of patients in the current surgical era.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This is an observational retrospective study of 581 high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement from 2008 to 2013, with a mean logistic EuroSCORE of 26.6% ± 14.6%. Data were prospectively collected in a database of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Overall 30-day mortality was 9.3%. Stroke rate was 1.5%. At 1-, 3-, and 5-years overall mortality was 18.2%, 30.4%, and 42.2%, cardiac death rate was 3.9%, 9.2%, and 12.9%, stroke rate 2.5%, 7.7%, and 10.2%, re-operation occurrence 0.2%, 0.9% and 1.3%, and new pacemaker implantation was 2.3%, 5.1% and 7.8%. At multivariate analysis, urgency, hemodynamic instability, LVEF ≤30%, NYHA III-IV, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), extra-cardiac arteriopathy, cerebrovascular disease, and creatinine >2.0 mg/dL remained independent predictors of 5-year mortality.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The results of the current study add weight to the evidence that traditional aortic valve replacement can be performed in high-risk patients with satisfactory 5-year mortality and morbidity. Our study may help to improve decision-making in this category of high-risk patients with aortic valve disease.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"84 1","pages":"304-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82303718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of the Nuss Procedure on the Physical Development of Patients with Pectus Excavatum.","authors":"H. Kim, J. Y. Yoon, Kook Nam Han, Y. Choi","doi":"10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00012","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000This study assessed physical development of patients with pectus excavatum and evaluated the effect of the Nuss procedure on physical development.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A total of 146 patients underwent the Nuss procedure; of these, at the time of the study, the bar had been removed from 123 patients (84.9%; male 93, female 30) who were eligible for participation in this study. Heights and body weights of patients were measured prior to surgery and immediately before bar removal. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed preoperatively and immediately before bar removal. The associations between physical development and chest CT indices were evaluated.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The height standard deviation score (SDS) was - 0.66 ± 2.23 preoperatively and 0.04 ± 1.34 immediately before bar removal (p <0.01). The weight SDS was - 0.02 ± 2.59 preoperatively; it increased significantly to 0.56 ± 1.56 immediately before bar removal (p <0.01). The Haller index (3.85 ± 1.18 to 2.99 ± 0.54; p <0.01) and asymmetric index (9.75 ± 6.63 to 7.01 ± 4.77; p <0.01) also showed improvements.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The Nuss procedure may contribute positively to the physical development of patients with pectus excavatum.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"22 1","pages":"327-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90788712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Sakamoto, M. Yoshitake, Y. Matsumura, Hitomi Naruse, K. Bando, K. Hashimoto
{"title":"Choice of Aortic Valve Prosthesis in a Rapidly Aging and Long-Living Society.","authors":"Y. Sakamoto, M. Yoshitake, Y. Matsumura, Hitomi Naruse, K. Bando, K. Hashimoto","doi":"10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00104","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of aortic valve replacement (AVR) with mechanical (M) and bioprosthetic (B) valves as recommended by the Japanese guidelines.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000From April 1995 to March 2014, 366 adult patients underwent AVR. Of these, 127 (35%) patients received M and 239 patients (65%) received B valves. A retrospective analysis of the entire and the selected 124 patients aged 60 to 70 years was carried out.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In patients aged 60 to 70 years, the 15-year survival and freedom from reoperation were 88% ± 7% and 100% for the M group and 34% ± 25% (p <0.001) and 73% ± 14% (p = 0.059) for the B group, respectively. Among propensity score matching of the subgroup, there was no significant difference in survival and freedom from reoperation. The rate of thromboembolism was higher in the M (M: 0.58% vs B: 0.35% patient per year, p <0.001) and the rate of hemorrhage was higher in the M group (M: 0.34% vs B: 0.12% patient per year, p <0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The current strategy of aortic valve choice based on the Japanese guidelines has provided excellent long-term results so far.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"7 1","pages":"333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83055113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Haager, G. Kayser, S. Schmid, B. Passlick, S. Wiesemann
{"title":"Intrapulmonary Castleman's Disease Pretending to Be a Lung Cancer-Work Up of an Intrapulmonary Tumour.","authors":"B. Haager, G. Kayser, S. Schmid, B. Passlick, S. Wiesemann","doi":"10.5761/atcs.cr.15-00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.cr.15-00216","url":null,"abstract":"A 24 year old male presented with a history of recurrent bronchopulmonal infections. Chest computed tomography was performed, revealing a right central mass. In the following bronchoscopy and ultrasound guided needle aspiration of the tumour no specific diagnosis could be obtained. Due to the central location of the tumour thoracotomy and middle lobe resection was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed an intrapulmonary, subpleural located Morbus Castleman of the hyaline-vascular type.Castleman's disease is a very rare disorder of the lymphatic tissue that is differentiated into two clinical subtypes. The localized type presents histologically almost always as the hyaline-vascular form. Findings have been reported in mediastinal lymph nodes, the abdomen and peripheral lymphnodes. Intrapulmonary development is very rare and only 9 cases have previously been described in literature.On the other hand the multicentric type accounts for approximately 10%-15% of cases and histologically usually presents as the plasma cell variant. It is accompanied by fatigue and general weakness and often requires systemic steroid or chemotherapy.The localized type develops less clinical symptoms and is curable by complete surgical resection.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"02 1","pages":"258-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88553417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life-Threatening Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to Chylopericardium Following Orthotopic Heart Transplantation-A Case Report.","authors":"K. Wierzbicki, P. Mazur, P. Węgrzyn, B. Kapelak","doi":"10.5761/atcs.cr.15-00233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.cr.15-00233","url":null,"abstract":"Chylopericardium is a rare complication in cardiac surgery, and an extremely rare occurrence in patients following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), which, however, can lead to cardiac tamponade. Here we present a case of a 59-year-old man who underwent OHT and suffered from chylopericardium resulting in cardiac tamponade late in the postoperative course, despite the initially uneventful early postoperative period (decreasing blood drainage was observed directly after the procedure, and the drains were safely removed). After the diagnosis of chylopericardium was made, the conservative treatment was initiated, which turned out to be insufficient, and eventually invasive approach for the recurrence of tamponade secondary to chylopericardium was required. We discuss the available therapeutic options for chylopericardium and demonstrate the successful invasive therapeutic approach with use of the absorbable fibrin sealant patch.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"5 1","pages":"264-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90207768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seijiro Sato, T. Koike, T. Hashimoto, H. Ishikawa, A. Okada, Takehiro Watanabe, M. Tsuchida
{"title":"Surgical Outcomes of Lung Cancer Patients with Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema and Those with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis without Emphysema.","authors":"Seijiro Sato, T. Koike, T. Hashimoto, H. Ishikawa, A. Okada, Takehiro Watanabe, M. Tsuchida","doi":"10.5761/atcs.oa.15-00315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.15-00315","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a unique disorder. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of lung cancer patients with CPFE and those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without emphysema.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A total of 1548 patients who underwent surgery for primary lung cancer between January 2001 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Of the 1548 patients, 55 (3.6%) had CPFE on computed tomography (CT), and 45 (2.9%) had IPF without emphysema. The overall and disease-free 5-year survival rates for patients with CPFE were not significantly worse than those for patients with IPF without emphysema (24.9% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.814; 39.8% vs. 39.3%, p = 0.653, respectively). Overall, 21 (38.1%) patients with CPFE and nine patients (20.0%) with IPF without emphysema developed postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. Patients with CPFE had significantly more postoperative cardiopulmonary complications involving pulmonary air leakage for >6 days, hypoxemia, and arrhythmia than patients with IPF without emphysema (p = 0.048).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000There was no significant difference in survival after surgical treatment between CPFE patients and IPF patients without emphysema, but CPFE patients had significantly higher morbidity than IPF patients without emphysema.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"77 1","pages":"216-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90441839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sezai, S. Osaka, Hiroko Yaoita, Yusuke Ishii, Munehito Arimoto, H. Hata, M. Shiono
{"title":"Efficacy of Carperitide in Hemodialysis Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.","authors":"A. Sezai, S. Osaka, Hiroko Yaoita, Yusuke Ishii, Munehito Arimoto, H. Hata, M. Shiono","doi":"10.5761/atcs.oa.15-00239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.15-00239","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000Recently, performance of cardiac surgery in hemodialysis patients has increased, but the mortality rate is high.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We retrospectively examined the early and long-term outcomes in 128 dialysis patients who underwent cardiac surgery with or without carperitide infusion and were followed for 2 years. Sixty-three patients received carperitide infusion during surgery and 65 patients did not.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The hospital mortality rate was 1.6% in the carperitide group and 12.3% in the non-carperitide group, being significantly lower in the carperitide group. The 2-year actuarial survival rate was 90.5% ± 3.7% in the carperitide group, and 76.9% ± 5.2% in the non-carperitide group, while the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)-free rate at 2 years postoperatively was 90.5% ± 3.7% in the carperitide group and 67.7% ± 5.8% in the non-carperitide group.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings suggest that carperitide improves the early postoperative outcome in dialysis patients undergoing cardiac surgery, as has already been demonstrated in non-dialysis patients. An early postoperative cardioprotective effect of carperitide and improvement of renal function in oliguric patients might have contributed to this outcome. However, this was a retrospective study, so a prospective investigation is required to demonstrate the mechanisms involved. In addition, further evaluation of the long-term results would be desirable.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"12 1","pages":"237-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84796529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetsuji Chinen, T. Hirayasu, Y. Kuniyoshi, Kanou Uehara, T. Kinjo
{"title":"Experimental Reconstruction of the Trachea with Urinary Bladder Wall.","authors":"Tetsuji Chinen, T. Hirayasu, Y. Kuniyoshi, Kanou Uehara, T. Kinjo","doi":"10.5761/atcs.oa.15-00375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.15-00375","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000To investigate tracheal reconstruction with autologous bladder wall using modern refined surgical procedures.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Experiments were performed on 16 female beagle dogs. Six tracheal cartilages were resected to create a tracheal deficit, then tracheal replacement with autologous bladder wall was performed. In the first 10 dogs (first series), the transplant site was covered with pedicled omental flap. In the next six dogs (second series), we performed tracheal reconstruction without omental covering, and secured tracheal cartilages above and below the graft with sutures to prevent excessive graft stretching.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No surgical mortality or lethal infection of the transplant site was encountered in either series. Complications in the first series comprised tracheal stenosis in four dogs. One dog died suddenly at 4 months postoperatively due to stent migration, so cartilage sutures were adopted in the second series. The lumen surface of the grafts was covered with squamous metaplastic epithelium. Osseous tissue was present in the submucosa of grafts, particularly prominently in areas lacking omental covering.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Tracheal reconstruction using bladder wall may become clinically useful. A pedicled omental covering does not appear always necessary to prevent graft necrosis and infection. Ischemic stimulation may be involved with bone formation in grafts.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"23 1","pages":"153-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84448939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair with the Chimney Technique for Juxtarenal Aortic Aneurysms.","authors":"K. Igari, T. Kudo, T. Toyofuku, Y. Inoue","doi":"10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.16-00026","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000We collected our experience in the use of chimney technique with endovascular aneurysm repair (Ch-EVAR) for juxtarenal aortic aneurysms (JAAs), and reviewed the outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The patients who were treated with Ch-EVAR between January 2012 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. All of the patients underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) under general anesthesia. Femoral arterial access was obtained to place the main body of the endograft; brachial or axillary access was obtained to perform the placement of the chimney stent.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000We treated 12 patients with 15 renal arteries using the Ch-EVAR procedure. Technical success was achieved in 11 of the 12 (91.6%) cases. Within the first 30 days of postoperative period, the target vessel patency rate was 93.3% (14 of 15 renal arteries). After a median follow-up period of 28 months, one patient required Ch-EVAR-related re-intervention due to a type Ia endoleak, and 13 of the 15 renal arteries were patent at the end of the follow-up period.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our findings demonstrate that Ch-EVAR can be completed with a high rate of success. Although early target vessel occlusion or early postoperative mortality might occur, Ch-EVAR could be an alternative treatment for JAA, especially in high risk patients.","PeriodicalId":93877,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":"174-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85081782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}