Annals of Saudi medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of blood transfusion on oxygen extraction ratio and central venous saturation in children after cardiac surgery.","authors":"Bana Nasser,&nbsp;Mohmad Tageldein,&nbsp;Abdulrahman AlMesned,&nbsp;Mohammad Kabbani","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2017.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2017.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Red blood cell transfusion is common in critically ill children after cardiac surgery. Since the threshold for hemoglobin (Hb) transfusion need is not well defined, the threshold Hb level at which dependent critical oxygen uptake-to-delivery (VO2-DO2) status compensation is uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of blood transfusion on the oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) to identify a critical O2ER value that could help us determine the critical need for blood transfusion.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit at Prince Sultan Cardiac Center in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Between January 2013 and December 2015, we included all children with cardiac disease who underwent surgery and needed a blood transfusion. Demographic and laboratory data with physiological parameters before and 1 and 6 hours after transfusion were recorded and O2ER before and 6 hours after transfusion was computed. Cases were divided into two groups based on O2ER: Patients with increased O2ER (O2ER > 40%) and normal patients without increased O2ER (O2ER < =40%) before transfusion.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Changes in O2ER and ScvO2 following blood transfusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 103 patients who had blood transfusion, 75 cases had normal O2ER before transfusion while 28 cases had increased O2ER before transfusion. Following blood transfusion, O2ER and ScvO2 improved in the group that had increased O2ER before transfusion, but not in the group that had normal O2ER before transfusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical and hemodynamic indicators O2ER and ScvO2 may be considered as markers that can indicate a need for blood transfusion.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The limitation of this study is the small number of patients that had increased O2ER before transfusion. There were few available variables to assess oxygen consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/a9/asm-37-1-31.PMC6148984.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41164056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of Erdheim-Chester disease in the breast.","authors":"Razan F Binyousef,&nbsp;Aboelkhair M Al-Gahmi,&nbsp;Zahid Rahman Khan,&nbsp;Elham Rawah","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2017.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2017.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis with distinctive radiologic and pathologic entities. We report a rare case of which ECD was involving the breast with only eight similar cases reported in the English literature. Our patient was a 52-year-old female patient with ECD involving the breast, mesentery, left kidney, retroperitoneum and the skeleton. The diagnosis was based on distinctive imaging and histopathological findings. The patient received a new novel treatment as part of a clinical trial in the United States and showed clinical and radiological improvement. \u0000SIMILAR CASES PUBLISHED: 8</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/5d/asm-37-1-79.PMC6148982.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Nursing Practice: The Emergence of the Role of Advanced Practice Nurse in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Denise Hibbert, Ahmad E Aboshaiqah, Kathy A Sienko, Debra Forestell, Adel W Harb, Shadia A Yousuf, Patricia W Kelley, Patricia F Brennan, Laura Serrant, Alison Leary","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2017.72","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2017.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The roots of advanced practice nursing (APN) can be traced back to the 1890s, but the nurse practitioner (NP) emerged in Western countries during the 1960s in response to the unmet healthcare needs of populations in rural areas. These early NPs utilized the medical model of care to assess, diagnose and treat. Nursing has since grown as a profession, with its own unique and distinguishable, holistic, science-based knowledge, which is complementary within the multidisciplinary team. Today, APNs demonstrate nursing expertise in clinical practice, education, research and leadership, and are no longer perceived as \"physician replacements\" or assistants. Saudi Arabia has yet to define, legislate or regulate APN.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This article aims to disseminate information from a Saudi APN thought leadership meeting, to chron.icle the history of APN within Saudi Arabia, while identifying strategies for moving forward.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is important to build an APN model based on Saudi healthcare culture and patient popu.lation needs, while recognizing global historical underpinnings. Ensuring that nursing continues to distinguish itself from other healthcare professions, while securing a seat at the multidisciplinary healthcare table will be instrumental in advancing the practice of nursing.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/e0/asm-37-1-72.PMC6148983.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41171465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin and calorie intake among different nicotine dependent groups.","authors":"Muhammad Zulhusni Suhaimi,&nbsp;Zulkefli Sanip,&nbsp;Hamid Jan Jan,&nbsp;Harmy Mohamed Yusoff","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2016.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2016.404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to nicotine via tobacco smoking may influence leptin release and decrease food intake among smokers. However, the effect of nicotine exposure on leptin and food intake among different nicotine dependent groups is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to measure leptin and calorie intake among different nicotine dependent groups.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Research department in school of medical sciences.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Subjects were selected by purposive (non-probability) sampling and categorized as having low, moderate and high nicotine dependency based on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score. Diet was recorded by interview. Anthropometry, blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile, and physical activity level were measured accordingly. Fasting serum leptin was measured using a commercial ELISA kit.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Nicotine dependency, 24-hour diet, clinical anthropometric and clinical measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 107 Malay male smokers leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence. However, body weight, smoking period, blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile and physical activity level were not significantly different among low, moderately and highly dependent smoking groups. Leptin concentration and total calorie intake were also not significantly different among these groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence, but leptin concentration and total calorie intake status were not significantly different among our different nicotine dependency subjects.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Purposive sampling for subject recruitment and inaccurate information in the self-administered questionnaire.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"36 6","pages":"404-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/ed/asm-6-404.PMC6074209.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic indices, glycemic load and glycemic response for seventeen varieties of dates grown in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Metab Ali AlGeffari, Ebtehal Solaiman Almogbel, Homaidan Turki Alhomaidan, Ragab El-Mergawi, Issam Alsaed Barrimah","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2016.397","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2016.397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dates are consumed worldwide, and are an important fruit for many individuals in Saudi Arabia. Currently, limited information is available on the glycemic indices of different date varieties.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and glycemic response for 17 common date varieties in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective clinical trial on healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The available carbohydrate content of Tamer stage dates was determined using standard laboratory methods. Healthy subjects (ten males and nine females) received 50 g of glucose (on three separate occasions) and 50 g equivalent of available carbohydrates from the seventeen varieties of date (each once). The GI and GL were then calculated.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>GI, GL, and glycemic response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SEM) GI of the date samples was 55.2 (7.7) (range, 42.8-74.6). Sellaj and Maktoomi exhibited the highest GI (74.6 [10.1] and 71.0 [11.1]), respectively, whereas Shaqra, Sukkary, and Sag'ai had the lowest GI (42.8 [5.5], 43.4 [4.7] and 44.6 [6]), respectively. The GL of the date samples ranged from 8.5 to 24. Sellaj had a high GL (24), whereas Ajwah and Shaqra had a low GL (8.5 and 9.2). The analyses suggested no significant difference in GI between the date varieties. However, the GL values differed significantly between the 17 date varieties (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results provide reliable GI and GL values for 17 common date varieties in Saudi Arabia. The identification of date varieties with lower glycemic responses may help lower the GI of the diet of both healthy and diabetic Saudi individuals.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We used dates at the Tamer stage, which may not be translatable to all types of dates.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"36 6","pages":"397-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/11/asm-6-397.PMC6074203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology of pituitary adenomas in a community-based hospital: a retrospective single center study in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Khalid S Aljabri,&nbsp;Samia A Bokhari,&nbsp;Faisal Y Assiri,&nbsp;Muneera A Alshareef,&nbsp;Patan M Khan","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2016.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2016.341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on pituitary adenoma (PA) prevalence in Saudi Arabia are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the epidemiology of PA in a well-defined population.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Departments of Endocrinology and Radiology at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Radiological and hormonal data of patients with pituitary adenoma by MRI were reviewed for the period January 2008 to December 2015.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Prevalence of PA and hormonal abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 537 patients; 249 subjects (46.4%), 70 (28.1%) males and 179 (71.9%) females, were diagnosed to have PA with mean age 36.3 (14.1) years. Microadenoma and macroadenoma were seen in 171 (69%) and 78 (31%) subjects, respectively. Microadenomas were more prevalent than macroadenomas (68.7% vs. 31.3%). Microadenomas were significantly more prevalent in females, 131 (73.2 %) vs. 40 (57.1%) whereas macroadenomas were significantly more prevalent in males, 30 (42.9%) vs. 48 (26.8%) (P < .001 for both comparisons). Patients with microadenomas were significantly younger than patients with macroadenomas (P < .0001). Advanced age was significantly associated with a larger PA size (r=0.39, P < .0002). Three types of hyperfunctioning PA were seen: prolactinoma, somatotroph adenoma, and corticotroph adenoma. Five types of hypofunctioning PA were seen: panhypopituitarism, secondary hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, central hypothroidism and central adrenal insufficiency. Non-functioning PA were within normal laboratory hormonal values in 2% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that the prevalence of PA was greater than previously reported. This increased prevalence may have important implications when prioritizing funding for research and treatment of PA.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Clustering of cases within the study region might have affected estimates and limited study sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"36 5","pages":"341-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/ea/asm-5-341.PMC6074317.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}