Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft最新文献

{"title":"Morphometric analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of sphenoid sinus: Associations of linear dimensions and volume with pneumatization patterns and neurovascular relationships.","authors":"Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis, George Triantafyllou, Christos Georgalas, Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis, Georgios Velonakis, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, George Tsakotos, Theodore Troupis, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sphenoid sinus (SS) shows morphological variability relevant to endoscopic endonasal skull-base access. This study examined associations of SS volume and linear dimensions with pneumatization patterns, extensions, and neurovascular anatomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 253 adult sinus computed tomography (CT) examinations. Μaximum anteroposterior (AP max), laterolateral (LL max), and craniocaudal (CC max) dimensions were measured, and SS volume was calculated by semi-automated three-dimensional contouring with manual refinement. Pneumatization patterns and relationships with the internal carotid artery (ICA), optic nerve (ON), and Vidian nerve (VN) were examined using exploratory univariable logistic regression, supplemented by separate age- and sex-adjusted models for neurovascular outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean SS volume was 11.12 ± 4.50 cm³. Males had greater volume (p = 0.001) and AP max (p = 0.013) than females. Volume correlated strongly with LL max (r = 0.791) and AP max (r = 0.705) (both p < 0.001). Each 1-mm increase in AP max was associated with posterior extension (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.40-1.76) and ICA (OR = 1.22), ON (OR = 1.13), and VN (OR = 1.24) protrusion and/or dehiscence. Each 1-mm increase in LL max was associated with lateral extension (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.28-1.52) and VN protrusion and/or dehiscence (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.18-1.31) (p < 0.001). Greater SS volume was associated with protrusion and/or dehiscence of all three structures, and remained associated with these neurovascular outcomes after adjustment for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SS volume and linear dimensions provide complementary quantitative information on the magnitude and direction of pneumatization. AP max and LL max were associated with specific extension patterns and with neurovascular protrusion and/or dehiscence.</p>","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":" ","pages":"153393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional alveolar ridge morphology of maxillary lateral incisors in children for autotransplantation.","authors":"Sol Song, Joon Young Koo, Myung Suh Choi, Ju Ri Ye, Chae Eun Lee, Mandy Katharina Birkhoff, Sung Chul Choi, Ok Hyung Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autotransplantation is indicated for replacing missing anterior teeth in children but requires sufficient three-dimensional alveolar housing. The maxillary lateral incisor region presents anatomical constraints, yet its pediatric alveolar ridge profile remains unclear. This study assessed the three-dimensional alveolar ridge profiles in children aged 10-13 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cone-beam computed tomography images from 180 Korean children (189 images, 202 lateral incisors) were retrospectively analyzed. Alveolar ridge, labial, and palatal bone thicknesses were measured at 1, 3, and 5mm below the cemento-enamel junction. Alveolar process height and labial concavity were evaluated. Age- and sex-related differences were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alveolar ridge thickness was greater in males at multiple sites, most consistently at ages 10 and 11; however, no significant age-related differences were observed. Labial bone thickness was uniformly thin at all levels (0.48-1.04mm), with mean values as low as 0.48mm at the 1-mm level in 13-year-olds, and showed no significant sex differences. Conversely, palatal bone thickness reached 2.50-2.89mm at the 5-mm level. Alveolar process height (15-20mm) showed no age-related changes but was greater in males at ages 10 and 11. Mean labial concavity was 153° without age- or sex-related differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pediatric maxillary lateral incisor region has a uniformly thin labial plate and a consistently thicker palatal plate; alveolar ridge thickness and alveolar process height were greater in boys aged 10 and 11 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":" ","pages":"153394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Development of Facial Symmetry after Primary Cleft Lip Repair: A Comparison of Subperiosteal and Supraperiosteal Techniques.","authors":"Michaela Buckova, Nathalie Heyse, Jan Petr, Winnie Pradel, Günter Lauer, Christiane Keil","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary cleft lip repair aims to restore both function and aesthetics of the nasolabial complex. Although several surgical techniques provide comparable functional outcomes, their long-term effects on facial symmetry remain unclear. This study compared postoperative facial symmetry following supraperiosteal and subperiosteal primary cleft lip repair using standardized photographic and digital anthropometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective monocentric study included 46 patients with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Patients underwent either supraperiosteal repair or subperiosteal reconstruction. Standardized frontal photographs obtained at 0.5, 0.8, 6, and 10 years of age were analyzed. Facial asymmetry was evaluated by visual axis analysis and quantitative landmark-based measurements relative to predefined reference axes. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subperiosteal repair group demonstrated consistently lower facial asymmetry and greater stability of symmetry development throughout follow-up than the supraperiosteal group. At 10 years, asymmetry of the cupid's bow and lateral nasal wing was reduced by approximately 77% and 84%, respectively, while medial canthus asymmetry was reduced by 59%. The largest between-group differences were observed in the periorbital, nasal, and perioral regions, with large effect sizes for the medial canthus (d = 1.25), lateral nasal wing (d = 1.38), and cupid's bow (d = 1.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subperiosteal primary cleft lip repair was associated with improved long-term facial symmetry and greater stability of symmetry development over a 10-year follow-up period. Optimization of primary cleft lip repair techniques may improve long-term aesthetic outcomes and reduce the need for secondary corrective procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":" ","pages":"153392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting culture conditions of satellite cells in vitro for skeletal muscle regeneration and therapeutic applications.","authors":"Pooja Kumari, Aayushi Raval, Pranav Rana, Rishabh Rai Kaushik, Ajay Kumar Sahi, Shravanya Gundu, Sanjeev Kumar Mahto","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2026.153381","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Skeletal muscle fibers are largely post-mitotic in adulthood yet retain robust regenerative capacity through satellite cells (SCs), quiescent muscle stem cells located beneath the basal lamina that are activated after injury, proliferate as myoblasts, differentiate, fuse into myotubes, and mature via tightly regulated cues. Given the burden of muscle-wasting and neuromuscular diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (driven by dystrophin defects and impaired SC function), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (with progressive atrophy and evidence of SC perturbation), and myasthenia gravis (autoimmune neuromuscular junction failure), physiologically relevant and scalable in vitro SC systems are essential for mechanistic studies and future cell-therapy development. This review revisits culture conditions and workflows used to isolate, enrich, and differentiate rodent and human skeletal muscle progenitors, integrating key regenerative signalling (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), nitric oxide (NO), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modulated by Sprouty-1, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-driven Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) hypertrophy, inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-cyclin D1, and differentiation switches involving Notch/Wnt, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK)) with practical culture variables. Two principal isolation strategies are compared: explant outgrowth, which preserves tissue architecture and injury-mimicking activation but can be slow and yield-limited without matrix support, and enzymatic dissociation (e.g., collagenase, dispase, pronase, protease XIV), which accelerates release from the basal lamina and supports high-throughput needs but requires optimization to minimize trauma and fibroblast contamination. Across reported protocols, matrix choice (notably Matrigel or poly-L-lysine/Matrigel), differential pre-plating, and medium composition (serum levels, chick embryo extract (CEE), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)) strongly influence SC quiescence, migration, survival, and myotube formation, with high purities achievable (e.g., ~97.6% Pax7&lt;sup&gt;±&lt;/sup&gt; after explant plus differential adherence; ~90% α7-integrin positive while lacking SCA-1, CD31, and CD45; up to ~98% after preplating; and ~95% in several optimized workflows) and differentiation occurring within ~1-7 days depending on conditions. The isolation of human SCs is constrained by the limited availability of tissue, inconsistent biopsy quality, and the absence of reliable markers to differentiate SCs from other mononuclear cells. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived muscle organoids present a patient-specific alternative; however, they predominantly produce fetal-like instead of mature adult SCs. Overall, explant-based syste","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":" ","pages":"153381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149032328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic composites versus calcium phosphate cements in bone regeneration: a narrative review.","authors":"Oana Bulagea Dima, A. Didilescu, C. Manole, Cornelis Pameijer, Claudiu Călin","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":"17 7","pages":"152273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of rat vertebrae cortical bone microstructures using confocal Raman microscopy combined to tomography and electron microscopy.","authors":"S.A. Shah, H. Salehi, Vincent Cavaillès, Frédéric Fernandez, F. Cuisinier, P. Collart-Dutilleul, A. Desoutter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4397670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4397670","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The rat vertebrae is a good model to study bone regeneration after implantation of biomaterials used to treat bone loss, a major problem in oral and dental surgery. However, the precise characterization of bone microstructures in the rat vertebrae has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to achieve the complete analysis of such bone, at different scales, in order to have a clear model of healthy bone for comparison with regenerated bone.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000In order to image the cortical bone of rat caudal vertebra, confocal Raman microscopy was combined with high resolution X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT), with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using backscatter electron imaging and with more conventional histology coloration techniques. SEM and Raman microscopy were done in various regions of the cortical bone corresponding to external, middle and internal areas. The spongy bone was imaged in parallel. Micro-CT was performed on the whole vertebra to monitor the network of haversian canals in the cortical bone. Osteonic canals characteristics, and relative chemical composition were analysed in several regions of interest, in cortical and spongy bone. Five rats were included in this study.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000On micro-CT images, differences in intensity were observed in the cortical bone, substantiated by SEM. Chemical analysis with Raman spectra confirmed the difference in composition between the different regions of the cortical and spongy bone. PCA and k-mean cluster analysis separated these groups, except for the external and middle cortical bone. Peak intensity ratio confirmed these results with a CO3 to ν2 PO4 ratio significantly different for the internal cortical bone. Grayscale images stack extracted from micro-CT showed that global architecture of cortical bone was characterized by a dense and complex network of haversian osteonic canals, starting from the surface towards the vertebrae center. The mean diameter of the canals was 18.4µm (SD 8.6µm) and the mean length was 450µm (SD 152µm). Finally, Raman reconstructed images of the lamellar bone showed an enlargement of the lamellar layer width, both in circumferential lamellar bone and around haversian canals.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Micro-CT and confocal Raman microscopy are good tools to complete classical analysis using optical and electron microscopy. The results and measurements presented in a rat model known for its small inter-individual differences provide the main characteristics of a mature bone. This study will allow the community working on this rat vertebrate model to have a set of characteristics, in particular on the structure of the haversian canals.","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":"5 1","pages":"152162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81658095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"yThe influence of censorship laws on Viennese anatomy textbooks from the outgoing 18th Century until after the student revolution of 1848 in Austrian absolutism.","authors":"Sophia Bauer, Leo Maria Schaukal, W. Weninger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4330785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4330785","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Anatomy textbooks´ connection to the rigid censoring laws enacted by Habsburg rulers, was never sufficiently investigated. Using anatomy textbooks written at the University of Vienna, our article aims at investigating the influence of censorship laws on the anatomy textbooks in Vienna between 1786 and 1865.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000In our case study we compared legal text and archival sources (source material A) with seven prefaces of textbooks written by Viennese anatomists (source material B). The prefaces were comparatively investigated by applying the following questions based on source material A: (1) What motives for writing the textbooks were indicated by the anatomists in the prefaces? (2) What legal or other influences were mentioned as motives that point to a connection to the censorship regulations installed? (3) Referring to changing censorship guidelines is there a change in the mentioned audience?\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Our results are that we found evidence for censorship regulations (source material A) in the prefaces (source material B). Also, the motives for writing those textbooks changed over time because of changing censorship regulations.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our findings show that Viennese anatomy textbooks were part of the Austrian censorship laws in the investigated period with a timely correlation between the appointment as professor and the publication of the textbooks and prefaces (indirectly) referring to censorship laws. The academic tradition of writing textbooks arose from this system, when freedom of speech stood in opposition to the absolute Habsburg reign. Thus, when working with historical anatomy textbooks it is important to reflect on their censorship heritage.","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":"296 1","pages":"152129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76304471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior superior alveolar nerves contribute to sensation in the anterior teeth.","authors":"Sanako Makishi, Mikako Tanaka, Taichi Kobayashi, R. Tanaka, Takafumi Hayashi, H. Ohshima","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-123843/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-123843/v1","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000There is no available data on the occurrence rate of a converged alveolar canal, the detailed three-dimensional (3D) courses of alveolar canals/grooves (ACGs), or the contribution of each superior alveolar nerve to each area in the maxilla. This study aimed to clarify the 3D courses of ACGs, the relationship between ACGs and superior alveolar nerves, and the contribution of posterior superior alveolar nerves (PSANs) using computed tomography (CT) with histological analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000During the gross anatomy course at Niigata University, we investigated nine human cadavers.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000All anterior and posterior ACGs converged into the common alveolar canal, which contained blood vessels and several nerve bundles surrounded by perineurium, located at the nasal floor near the pyriform aperture. Histometrical analysis clarified that 16.3% of the nerve bundles in this canal were derived from PSANs, and 67% of the bundles were dispersed while they coursed down to the nasal floor. There seems to be no relationship between the density of nerve bundles in the canal and the number of remaining anterior teeth.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Data obtained from observing the detailed 3D courses of anterior and posterior ACGs, and their relationship with superior alveolar nerves, suggest that PSANs partially contribute to the nociception of the anterior teeth.","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":"28 1","pages":"151784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72710710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Special Issue \"Human lymph vessels\".","authors":"E. Brenner","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":"521 1","pages":"151441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78856252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes of the human retinal vessels: possible involvement of lipid peroxidation.","authors":"T. Nag, M. Maurya, T. Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2019.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2019.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93872,"journal":{"name":"Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89398656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}