Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research最新文献

{"title":"Challenges of Extracting and Determining Cannabinoids in Different Matrices.","authors":"Janis Vella Szijj","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0087","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Accurate and precise analysis of cannabinoids is important for elucidating their therapeutic potential and developing therapies, which are targeted toward different medical conditions. A wide range of cannabis products are present on the market and are available in different dosage forms, including dried flowers, extracts, and consumables. The aim of this article is to provide an updated narrative review of literature on challenges of analyzing cannabinoids in plant material, oils, and edibles. <b>Method:</b> Literature search was conducted to identify sample preparation and analytical techniques for determination of cannabinoids in plant material, oils, and edibles and associated challenges. <b>Results:</b> Challenges related to determination of cannabinoids in plant material include matrix complexity, co-extraction of unwanted compounds during sample preparation, and differences in matrix composition between calibration standards and sample extracts. During analysis of cannabinoids in oil, the unique properties of carrier oils need to be taken into consideration. Analysis of cannabinoids in edibles can be considered to be challenging due to the wide range of matrix types that are available on the market, rendering analysis resource-intensive, time-consuming, and impractical. <b>Discussion:</b> Analysis of cannabinoids in plant material, oils, and edibles requires a multifaceted approach that includes regulatory guidance, method development, and technological innovation. In the face of an evolving analytical landscape where novel cannabinoids are being identified and require determination, there is a need for the development and validation of standardized accurate and precise analytical methods, which are specifically tailored for each matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1470-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California Cannabis Research Briefing, April 2023: Meeting Summary.","authors":"Margarete C Kulik, Youn Ok Lee, Van Butsic, Timmen L Cermak, Ziva D Cooper, Dominic Corva, Thomas D Marcotte, Dilara K Üsküp, Tracy Richmond McKnight, Agnes Balla","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0074","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On April 28, 2023, the University of California Office of the President, in partnership with the California Department of Cannabis Control (DCC), hosted the California Cannabis Research Briefing. The California Cannabis Research Briefing brought together researchers and state agencies/policymakers to discuss pertinent policy issues on cannabis within the state. Researchers across six different topic areas (environment, cannabis markets, social equity matters, public health, medicinal cannabis use, and public safety) provided brief explanations of their research and its policy implications. A moderated discussion with stakeholders followed these presentations. The goals of this event were to highlight research that can inform policy issues relevant to the state, and to discuss how research can be incorporated into the cannabis policy landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1463-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor ABX1431 on Neuronal Hyperexcitability, Nociception, Locomotion, and the Endocannabinoid System in HIV-1 Tat Male Mice.","authors":"Barkha J Yadav-Samudrala, Havilah P Ravula, Karenna M Barmada, Hailey Dodson, Justin L Poklis, Bogna M Ignatowska-Jankowska, Aron H Lichtman, Kathryn J Reissner, Sylvia Fitting","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0247","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Evidence suggests that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors can potentially treat HIV symptoms by increasing the concentration of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). We examined a selective MAGL inhibitor ABX1431 in the context of neuroHIV. <b>Methods:</b> To assess the effects of ABX1431, we conducted <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies. <i>In vitro</i> calcium imaging on frontal cortex neuronal cultures was performed to evaluate the role of ABX1431 (10, 30, 100 nM) on transactivator of transcription (Tat)-induced neuronal hyperexcitability. Following <i>in vitro</i> experiments, <i>in vivo</i> experiments were performed using Tat transgenic male mice. Mice were treated with 4 mg/kg ABX1431 and assessed for antinociception using tail-flick and hot plate assays followed by locomotor activity. After the behavioral experiments, their brains were harvested to quantify endocannabinoids (eCB) and related lipids through mass spectrometry, and cannabinoid type-1 and -2 receptors (CB₁R and CB₂R) were quantified through western blot. <b>Results:</b> <i>In vitro</i> studies revealed that adding Tat directly to the neuronal cultures significantly increased intracellular calcium concentration, which ABX1431 completely reversed at all concentrations. Preincubating the cultures with CB₁R and CB₂R antagonists showed that ABX1431 exhibited its effects partially through CB₁R. <i>In vivo</i> studies demonstrated that acute ABX1431 increased overall total distance traveled and speed of mice regardless of their genotype. Mass spectrometry and western blot analyses revealed differential effects on the eCB system based on Tat expression. The 2-AG levels were significantly upregulated following ABX1431 treatment in the striatum and spinal cord. Arachidonic acid (AA) was also upregulated in the striatum of vehicle-treated Tat(+) mice. No changes were noted in CB₁R expression levels; however, CB₂R levels were increased in ABX1431-treated Tat(-) mice only. <b>Conclusion:</b> Findings indicate that ABX1431 has potential neuroprotective effects <i>in vitro</i> partially mediated through CB₁R. Acute treatment of ABX1431 <i>in vivo</i> shows antinociceptive effects, and seems to alter locomotor activity, with upregulating 2-AG levels in the striatum and spinal cord.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1500-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types and Brands of Derived Psychoactive Cannabis Products: An Online Retail Assessment, 2023.","authors":"Matthew E Rossheim, Kayla K Tillett, Viktor Vasilev, Cassidy R LoParco, Carla J Berg, Pamela J Trangenstein, R Andrew Yockey, Steven Y Sussman, Michael Siegel, David H Jernigan","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0266","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The 2018 Farm Bill led to new types of derived psychoactive cannabis products (DPCPs) being sold throughout the United States. This study describes the new types and brands of DPCPs sold online. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In May 2023, data were recorded from three top-trafficked U.S.-based DPCP retail websites, including information about each product (<i>N</i>=804). <b>Results:</b> DPCP modalities included disposable vapes (43%), edibles (29%), vape carts (18%), pre-rolls (7%), flower (2%), dabs (1%), and vape pods (<1%). Among the 118 brands, the most common were Exhale, Delta Extrax, Cake, URB, Looper, and TRE House. There were 26 different intoxicating compounds overall, the most prevalent being: Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), THC-P, Delta-9 THC, HHC, THC-A, Delta-10 THC, THC-H, THC-B, THC-JD, THC-X, HHC-P, and Delta-11 THC. Overall, 54% of products were blends, containing two to eight different intoxicating compounds in a single product. <b>Discussion:</b> This is the first study to systematically assess DPCPs sold online. Most of the DPCP market is comprised of vapes and edibles, but these products contain a wide array of compounds and blends. Data from this diverse, rapidly evolving market are needed to examine its consumer impact and inform public health policies and programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1478-1481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: \"Assessing Cannabis Use in People with Psychosis\" by Chesney <i>et al</i>.","authors":"Yann Barguil, Laura Chiaradia, Guy A Southwell, Jean-Yves Charlot","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0023","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cannabis Sativa</i> Oil Promotes Social Interaction and Ultrasonic Communication by Acting on Oxytocin Pathway.","authors":"Marika Premoli, Marinella Carone, Andrea Mastinu, Giuseppina Maccarinelli, Francesca Aria, Eileen Mac Sweeney, Maurizio Memo, Sara Anna Bonini","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0062","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Cannabis sativa is the most used recreational drug worldwide. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential therapeutic benefits of medicinal cannabis to treat a variety of psychiatric and neurological conditions. In particular, cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent, has been investigated for its potential prosocial effects on behavior, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a C. sativa oil CBD rich (CS oil) on social interaction and ultrasonic communication in mice. <b>Study Design:</b> Twenty-seven adult male mice (B6; 129P F2) were treated daily with vehicle or CS oil for 2 weeks. At Day 14, mice were tested for behavior (social interaction test and ultrasonic communication). Forty minutes before the behavioral tests, mice were exposed to intranasal treatment with vehicle or the oxytocin receptor antagonist, L-371,257. After behavioral tests, VH- and CS oil-treated mice were sacrificed, RNA was extracted from the hypothalamus and used for quantitative Real Time-PCR experiments. <b>Results:</b> We found that a 2-week treatment with the CS oil on mice exerted a prosocial effect associated with an increase in ultrasonic vocalizations. These effects were inhibited by pretreating mice with an oxytocin receptor antagonist. In addition, at the molecular level, we found that CS oil treatment caused a significant increase in oxytocin and a decrease in oxytocin receptor expression levels in the brain hypothalamus. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggest that CS oil promotes social behavior by acting on oxytocin pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1514-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Veterans with Chronic Pain Approach Using Cannabis for Symptom Management: Results from a Qualitative Interpretive Description Study.","authors":"Rachel S Bergmans, Christine Yu, Bhaavna Yalavarthi, Lillian Z Xiao, Riley Wegryn-Jones, Johari Summerville, Sia Rajgarhia, Vivian Kurtz, Samantha Dell'Imperio, Amy S B Bohnert, Kevin F Boehnke","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Veterans use cannabis as a chronic pain treatment due to a combination of the easing of restrictions and dissatisfaction with care standards. The segregation of medical cannabis from conventional health systems may translate to opportunities and disadvantages that are not well defined. Our study aimed to characterize how Veterans with chronic pain approach using cannabis for symptom management, including product access, developing a treatment plan, and its integration into daily life. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> We used an interpretive description design and conducted semi-structured interviews with U.S. Veterans in Michigan who had chronic pain; were aged 21 years or older; and (a) used cannabis, (b) were planning to use cannabis, or (c) interested in learning about how cannabis could help with pain. We analyzed deidentified interview transcripts to develop themes that focused on how Veterans approached new and continued use of cannabis for chronic pain management. <b>Results:</b> Participants were Veterans with chronic pain, median age = 50 years (<i>n</i> = 32). Participants described how factors at the individual, relationship, community, and societal levels influenced their interest in and use of cannabis for chronic pain. We identified five main themes: (1) cannabis supports holistic wellness, but there are also undesired effects; (2) medical cannabis requires a personalized treatment approach; (3) Veterans seek expanded access to medical cannabis and more assurance regarding product safety and efficacy; (4) sociopolitical attitudes and advocacy shape medical cannabis acceptability; and (5) the interest in research to inform treatment approaches and facilitate access. <b>Discussion:</b> This article illustrates how Veterans approached using cannabis for chronic pain management. Findings illuminate the potential value of cannabis for Veterans with chronic pain while also highlighting numerous obstacles and limitations related to its use. There are opportunities for health care providers to support Veterans who are interested in cannabis while research regarding efficacy and safety continues. Future efforts should engage Veterans to collectively work toward a better understanding of cannabis as a pain treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Interactions in People on Cannabidiol: Is There Cause for Concern?","authors":"Georgia Downs, Ristan Greer, Geraldine Moses, Taylan Gurgenci, Phillip Good, Janet Hardy","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits multiple therapeutic properties, but its use in advanced cancer patients raises concerns about potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to polypharmacy. This study aims to look for evidence of DDIs between concomitant medications and CBD oil in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of CBD oil for symptom control (MedCan-1 parent study). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Surrogate measures were used to identify possible drug interactions: (1) the maximum mL of oil self-selected by patients in CBD or placebo groups in relation to opioids, specific drug groups, or individual agents; (2) the occurrence of any new or worse adverse effect in relation to the study arm and the concomitant medication classes/medications of interest. <b>Results:</b> The dose of CBD self-selected by participants was not related to opioid use or medications, including benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. The likelihood of developing an adverse effect while on study or when taking specific medications was not increased by CBD. Participants on paracetamol tolerated a higher dose of CBD. <b>Discussion:</b> Concerns regarding the development of clinically significant drug interactions when taking CBD in the context of anti-cancer and other concomitant medications at least in the short term may be unfounded.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Medical Marijuana Cardholder Status and Antiemetic Overuse.","authors":"Alan P Baltz, Cheng Peng, Laura Gressler, Sajjad Bhatti, Kanna Lewis","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The conscientious prescribing of antiemetics by chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) risk was highlighted in the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) \"Choosing Wisely\" recommendations. The pharmacologic properties of medical marijuana (MMJ) may allow for decreased incidence of CINV; however, little is known about the effects of MMJ on the use of antiemetics. This study aimed to determine if MMJ cardholder status, which enables access to MMJ, is associated with antiemetic overuse among patients with cancer. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This population-based secondary data analysis examined a retrospective cohort derived from the linked Arkansas All Payers Claims Database (2013-2020) and MMJ cardholder registry (2013-2019). The cohort consisted of 20,558 patients with cancer aged 18 and older with a chemotherapy claim in an outpatient setting within 12 months of a cancer diagnosis. Exposure was a registration to receive an MMJ card that permitted access to MMJ. The primary outcome of interest was antiemetic overuse, as characterized by the ASCO recommendation. Antiemetic use associated with chemotherapy was identified through filled prescriptions and medical claims. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for baseline demographic and prescription characteristics, was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of antiemetic overuse among MMJ cardholders compared with non-MMJ cardholders. <b>Results:</b> Among 20,558 eligible patients, 436 (2.1%) had an MMJ card at some point in the study period. Antiemetic overuse was identified in 7.5% of chemotherapy cycles. Compared with non-MMJ cardholders, MMJ cardholders were less likely to experience antiemetics overuse (aOR: 0.76, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Patients with fewer chemotherapy cycles and younger in age had higher odds of antiemetic overuse compared with those with more chemotherapy cycles. The risk of antiemetic overuse did not differ based on gender and rurality of residency. Route of chemotherapy administration, CINV risk category, and type of cancer also impacted the odds of antiemetic overuse. <b>Discussion:</b> The findings indicate that MMJ cardholders are significantly less likely to experience antiemetic overuse than non-MMJ cardholders. Further investigation into the use, effectiveness, and safety of cannabis for CINV mitigation is needed to inform patient and provider decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chronic, Low-Dose Cannabinoids, Cannabidiol, Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and a Combination of Both, on Amyloid Pathology in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"María Andrea Arnanz, Samuel Ruiz de Martín Esteban, Ana María Martínez Relimpio, Neta Rimmerman, Nurit Tweezer Zaks, María Teresa Grande, Julián Romero","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0101","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease. Among others, the use of cannabinoids such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) has been proposed as a putative approach based on their anti-inflammatory effects. <b>Methods:</b> The present work was designed to explore the effects of chronic (28 days) treatment with low doses of cannabinoids: CBD (0.273 mg/kg), THC (0.205 mg/kg) or a combination of both (CBD:THC; 0.273 mg/kg:0.205 mg/kg) in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. <b>Results:</b> Our data revealed that THC-treated 5xFAD mice (but not other treatment groups) exhibited anxiogenic and depressant-like behavior. A significant improvement in spatial memory was observed only in the CBD:THC-treated group. Interestingly, all cannabinoid-treated groups showed significantly increased cortical levels of the insoluble form of beta amyloid 1-42. These effects were not accompanied by changes in molecular parameters of inflammation at the mRNA or protein level. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data reveal differential effects of chronic, low-dose cannabinoids and point to a role of these cannabinoids in the processing of amyloid peptides in the brains of 5xFAD mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1312-1325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49674611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}