Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Evidence of Endocannabinoid System on Perceived Stress and Restricted Food Intake: The Role of Variants rs324420 in <i>FAAH</i> Gene and rs1049353 in <i>CNR1</i> Gene.","authors":"Tania Yadira Martínez-Rodríguez, Elia H Valdés-Miramontes, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Zyanya Reyes-Castillo","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is active in brain regions involved in stress, food intake, and emotional regulation. The CB1 receptor and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme regulate the ECS. Genetic variants in the <i>FAAH</i> gene (rs324420) and in the <i>CNR1</i> gene (rs1049353) have been involved in both chronic stress and obesity. As a maladaptive strategy to evade the stress, three dysfunctional eating patterns may appear: cognitive restriction, disinhibition, and emotional eating. <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the association of variants rs324420 in the <i>FAAH</i> gene and rs1049353 in the <i>CNR1</i> gene with perceived stress, dysfunctional eating patterns, and anthropometric and body composition variables. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study included 189 participants from western Mexico. The Spanish version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale were applied. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan^® probes. <b>Results:</b> It was found that subjects with CA/AA genotypes in <i>FAAH</i> had a higher risk of presenting high scores in stress perception than CC genotype carriers (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007-3.339; <i>p</i> = 0.048); in addition, the CC genotype of this genetic variant was related to higher body weight and body fat, but no association was found with dysfunctional eating patterns. As for the <i>CNR1</i> single-nucleotide polymorphism, this variant showed no significant association with stress perception scores, but subjects with GA/AA genotypes in <i>CNR1</i> had a lower risk of presenting high scores of restriction in food intake compared with GG genotype carriers (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.046-0.322; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Therefore, this study suggests a differential role of the ECS genes <i>FAAH</i> and <i>CNR1</i> in perceived stress and dysfunctional eating patterns, respectively. Further studies in other populations are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cannabis Gray Market: A Case for Cannabis Regulatory Science Research.","authors":"Nicolas J Schlienz, Nicholas J Felicione, Dustin C Lee, Richard J O'Connor, Danielle M Smith","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cannabis gray market poses significant public health concerns and remains a major threat to consumer and/or potential consumer uptake of regulated cannabis markets in jurisdictions with legal state-sponsored cannabis programs. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the cannabis gray market, and describe an integrated epidemiological and regulatory science framework to study the gray market. Using tobacco regulatory science as a guide, we introduce example cannabis regulatory science research activities as a means to improve the field's understanding of the cannabis gray market. Cannabis regulatory science is a developing field that can improve our understanding of the cannabis regulatory ecosystem and provide regulatory officials and policymakers alike with much needed data to inform regulatory decision-making and improve the success and uptake of state-sponsored cannabis programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose of Product or Product Concentration: A Comparison of Change in Heart Rate by THC Concentration for Participants Using Cannabis Daily and Occasionally.","authors":"Sarah A Limbacher, Suneeta Godbole, Julia Wrobel, George Sam Wang, Ashley Brooks-Russell","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Studies show that acute cannabis use significantly increases heart rate (HR) and mildly raises blood pressure in the minutes following smoked or inhaled use of cannabis. However, less is known about how the THC concentration of the product or an individual's frequency of use (i.e., tolerance) may affect the magnitude of the change in HR. It is also relatively unexamined how the physical effects of increased HR after acute cannabis use relate to self-reported drug effects or blood THC levels. <b>Aims:</b> To describe the relationship between THC concentration of product used, self-reported subjective intoxication, THC blood levels, and frequency of cannabis use with the change in HR after acute cannabis use. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Participants (<i>n</i> = 140) were given 15 min to smoke self-supplied cannabis <i>ad libitum</i>, HR was measured at baseline and an average of 2 min post-cannabis smoking. The ARCI-Marijuana scale and Visual Analog Scales (VAS) were administered, and blood samples were taken at both time points. Participants were asked about their frequency of use. Information about the product used was recorded from the package. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between changes in HR (post-pre cannabis use) and post-cannabis use HR, blood THC concentration, THC product concentration, frequency of use, and self-reported drug effect. <b>Results:</b> There was a significantly higher HR among those who smoked cannabis compared to the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001), which did not significantly differ by frequency of use (<i>p</i> = 0.18). Higher concentration THC (extract) products did not produce a significantly different HR than lower concentration (flower) products (<i>p</i> = 0.096). VAS score was associated with an increase in HR (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, blood THC levels were not significantly related to the change in HR (<i>p</i> = 0.69); however, when probed, there was a slight positive association among the occasional use group only. <b>Discussion:</b> Cardiovascular effects of cannabis consumption may not be as subject to tolerance with daily cannabis use and do not directly increase with THC concentration of the product. This is a departure from other effects (i.e., cognitive, subjective drug effects) where tolerance is well established. These findings also suggest that, at least among those with daily use, higher concentration THC products (>60%) do not necessarily produce cardiovascular physiological effects that are significantly more robust than lower concentration (<20%) products.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Cannabis Administration Transiently Reduces Mitochondrial DNA in Young Adults: Findings from a Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Pavel Powlowski, Justin Matheson, Bernard Le Foll, Ana C Andreazza, Ruth A Ross","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cannabis is one of the world's most commonly used substances; however, many questions remain unanswered as to how cannabis impacts the body. Recently, there has been a resurgence of research into the effects of plant-derived cannabinoids on mitochondrial health. In particular, a number of studies implicate mitochondrial-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) interactions with altered memory, metabolism, and catalepsy in mice. Although the research in this field is expanding rapidly, there is little known about the effects of cannabis on mitochondria health in human subjects either in acute or chronic term use. <b>Methods:</b> Blood samples were obtained from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized clinical trial in which adults who regularly use cannabis (1-4 days/week) aged 19-25 years were randomized 2:1 to receive either an active (12.5% Δ9-THC) cigarette or placebo (<0.01% Δ9-THC) cigarette containing 750 mg of cannabis before driving simulator testing. DNA was extracted from whole blood using commercial spin columns, followed by measurement of mt-ND1, mt-ND4, and β2M using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test was used to observe changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number over time. A two-tailed Pearsons R test was used to assess correlations between mtDNA copy number and cannabinoid levels (Δ9-THC and metabolites) in blood. <b>Results:</b> We found that exposure to active cannabis containing Δ9-THC, as opposed to placebo, was associated with an acute reduction in mitochondrial DNA copy number in whole blood at 15 min and 1 h after smoking. The observed decrease in mtDNA copy number negatively correlated with blood concentrations of 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), the two primary metabolites of Δ9-THC, but not Δ9-THC itself. Further, the negative correlation between 11-OH THC and THC-COOH concentrations and mtDNA copy number was found in only a subgroup of participants who use cannabis infrequently, suggesting a tolerance effect. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results illuminate mitochondrial alterations attributed to Δ9-THC consumption, which may be mediated by metabolites. These results appear to suggest stronger effects in individuals who consume cannabis less frequently, suggesting some form of tolerance to the effects of Δ9-THC and its metabolites on mtDNA content in whole blood. <b>Keywords:</b> Mitochondria; mtDNA; cannabis; THC; THC metabolites; blood; THC-COOH; 11-OH-THC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Nano-Emulsified Cannabidiol in Acidic Foods and Beverages.","authors":"Lawrance D Mullen, E Dale Hart, Svante Vikingsson, Ruth E Winecker, Eugene Hayes, Ron Flegel, Lisa D Davis, Eric R Welsh, Mahmoud ElSohly, Waseem Gul, Tim Murphy, Iram Shahzadi, Kareem ElSohly, Edward J Cone","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0064","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Food and beverage products containing cannabidiol (CBD) is a growing industry, but some CBD products contain Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), despite being labeled as \"THC-free\". As CBD can convert to Δ⁹-THC under acidic conditions, a potential cause is the formation of Δ⁹-THC during storage of acidic CBD products. In this study, we investigated if acidic products (pH ≤ 4) fortified with CBD would facilitate conversion to THC over a 2-15-month time period. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Six products, three beverages (lemonade, cola, and sports drink) and three condiments (ketchup, mustard, and hot sauce), were purchased from a local grocery store and fortified with a nano-emulsified CBD isolate (verified as THC-free by testing). The concentrations of CBD and Δ⁹-THC were measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively, for up to 15 months at room temperature. <b>Results:</b> Coefficients of variation (CVs) of initial CBD concentrations by GC-FID were <10% for all products except ketchup (18%), showing homogeneity in the fortification. Formation of THC was variable, with the largest amount observed after 15 months in fortified lemonade #2 (3.09 mg Δ⁹-THC/serving) and sports drink #2 (1.18 mg Δ⁹-THC/serving). Both beverages contain citric acid, while cola containing phosphoric acid produced 0.10 mg Δ⁹-THC/serving after 4 months. The importance of the acid type was verified using acid solutions in water. No more than 0.01 mg Δ⁹-THC/serving was observed with the condiments after 4 months. <b>Discussion:</b> Conversion of CBD to THC can occur in some acidic food products when those products are stored at room temperature. Therefore, despite purchasing beverages manufactured with a THC-free nano-emulsified form of CBD, consumers might be at some risk of unknowingly ingesting small amounts of THC. The results indicate that up to 3 mg Δ⁹-THC from conversion can be present in a serving of CBD-lemonade. Based on the previous studies, 3 mg Δ⁹-THC might produce a positive urine sample (≥15 ng/mL THC carboxylic acid) in some individuals. <b>Conclusion:</b> Consumers must exert caution when consuming products with an acidic pH (≤4) that suggests that they are \"THC-Free,\" because consumption might lead to positive drug tests or, in the case of multiple doses, intoxication.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocannabinoid Receptor 2 Function is Associated with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Accumulation and Increases in T Cell Number to Initiate a Potent Antitumor Response in a Syngeneic Murine Model of Glioblastoma.","authors":"Jin Duan, Jieling Chen, Yilin Lin, Stanley L Lin, Jie Wu","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Glioblastoma patients have a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and systemic immunosuppression that comprise a major barrier to immune checkpoint therapy. Based on the production of endocannabinoids by glioblastomas, we explored involvement of endocannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), encoded by the CNR2 gene, which is predominantly expressed by immune cells, in glioblastoma-related immunosuppression. <b>Materials & Methods:</b> Bioinformatics of human glioblastoma databases was used to correlate enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids, as well as CB2Rs, with patient overall survival. Intrastriatal administration of luciferase-expressing, murine GL261 glioblastoma cells was used to establish in in vivo glioblastoma model for characterization of tumor growth and intratumoral immune cell infiltration, as well as provide immune cells for in vitro co-culture experiments. Involvement of CB2Rs was determined by treatment with CB2R agonist (GW405833) or CB2R antagonist (AM630). ELISA, FACS, and immunocytochemistry were used to determine perforin, granzyme B, and surface marker levels. <b>Results:</b> Bioinformatics of human glioblastoma databases showed high expression of CB2R and elevated endocannabinoid production correlated with poorer prognosis, and involved immune-associated pathways. AM630treatment of GL261 glioblastoma-bearing mice induced a potent antitumor response, with survival plateauing at 50% on Day 40, when all control mice (median survival 28 days) and mice treated with GW405833 (median survival 21 days) had died. Luciferase tumor imaging revealed accelerated tumor growth by GW405833 treatment, but stable or regressing tumors in AM630-treated mice. Notably, in spleens, AM630 treatment caused an 83% decrease in monocytes/macrophages, and 1.8- and 1.6-fold increases in CD8+ and CD4+ cells, respectively. Within tumors, there was a corresponding decrease in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and increase in CD8+ T cells. In vitro, lymphocytes from AM630-treated mice showed greater cytotoxic function (increased percentage of perforin- and granzyme B-positive CD8+ T cells). <b>Discussion:</b> These results suggest that inhibition of CB2R enhances both immunosuppressive TAM infiltration and systemic T-cell suppression through CB2R activation, and that inhibition of CB2Rs can potently counter both the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, as well as systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Cannabis Use Motivations and Dependence Across Regular Cannabis Users Who Have or Have Not Recently Used Psilocybin.","authors":"Madeline K Stanger, Harmony O Soffer, Angela D Bryan, Carillon J Skrzynski","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> In Colorado, both cannabis and psilocybin are legal and becoming more commonly used. However, there is almost no research detailing the public health concerns regarding negative outcomes (e.g., dependence) of cannabis and psilocybin co-use and motives that may perpetuate these negative outcomes (e.g., coping, boredom). <b>Methods:</b> Using data from a larger observational study on cannabis and metabolic processes, regular cannabis users (use ≥7 times/month; <i>n</i> = 97, 35.1% female, 89.7% WHITE) who used psilocybin in the past 3 months (<i>n</i> = 34) were compared with those who had not used psilocybin in the past 3 months (<i>n</i> = 63) on cannabis dependence as measured by the Marijuana Dependence Scale and endorsement of 12 cannabis motives from the Comprehensive Marijuana Motives Questionnaire. Correlations between motives and dependence were also examined and compared across groups. <b>Results:</b> Findings revealed that individuals who had recently used psilocybin had greater cannabis dependence scores than those who had not used recently [<i>F</i> (1, 95) = 5.53, <i>p</i> = 0.02], and more strongly endorsed that their cannabis use was motivated by enjoyment [<i>F</i> (1, 91) = 4.31, <i>p</i> = 0.04], boredom [<i>F</i> (1, 91) = 9.10, <i>p</i> < 0.01], and availability [<i>F</i> (1, 91) = 9.46, <i>p</i> < 0.01]. Correlations between dependence scores and coping and boredom motives were also significantly positive for both groups (all <i>p</i> values <0.05) whereas positive correlations with experimentation, celebration, and availability motives were only significant for recent psilocybin users (all <i>p</i> values <0.05). <b>Discussion:</b> These results suggest there are motivational differences for cannabis use among those who co-use cannabis and psilocybin, and there may be a greater risk for harm for these individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of Cannabidiol on the Progression of Experimental Hepatic Cirrhosis in Rats.","authors":"Daisy Flores-Cortez, Eduardo Villalobos-Pacheco, Cecilia Ignacio-Punin, Guiselle Gutierrez-Guerra, Javier Tovar-Brandan, Juan Rodriguez-Tafur","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Liver cirrhosis is a condition characterized by the gradual replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue, ultimately leading to liver failure. This slow and progressive disease begins with a chronic inflammatory process induced by a noxious agent. In its advanced stages, the disease lacks effective therapies. Research has demonstrated the significant involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in the progression of experimental hepatic cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. <b>Methods:</b> A randomized experimental design was employed using Holtzman rats. Hepatic cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 6 weeks, with treatment initiated additionally. The groups were as follows: Group 1: TAA + vehicle; Group 2: TAA + CBD 2 mg/kg; Group 3: TAA + CBD 9 mg/kg; Group 4: TAA + CBD 18 mg/kg; Group 5: TAA + silymarin 50 mg/kg; and Group 6: Healthy control. Serum biochemical analysis (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin) and hepatic histopathological study were performed. The Knodell histological activity index (HAI) was determined, considering periportal necrosis, intralobular degeneration, portal inflammation, fibrosis, and focal necrosis. <b>Results:</b> All groups receiving TAA exhibited an elevation in AST levels; however, only those treated with CBD at doses of 2 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg did not experience significant changes compared to their baseline values (152.8 and 135.7 IU/L, respectively). Moreover, ALT levels in animals treated with CBD showed no significant variation compared to baseline. The HAI of hepatic tissue was notably lower in animals treated with CBD at doses of 9 and 18 mg/kg, scoring 3.0 and 3.25, respectively, in contrast to the TAA + vehicle group, which recorded a score of 7.00. Animals treated with CBD at 18 mg/kg showed a reduced degree of fibrosis and necrosis compared to those receiving TAA alone (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings demonstrate that cannabidiol exerts a hepatoprotective effect in the development of experimental hepatic cirrhosis induced in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Associations Between Cannabis Use and Cognitive Impairment in a Clinical Sample of Middle-Aged Adults Using Cannabis for Medical Symptoms.","authors":"Ofir Livne, Kevin W Potter, Randi M Schuster, Jodi M Gilman","doi":"10.1089/can.2022.0310","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2022.0310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Cannabis use to alleviate medical symptoms is increasing in middle-aged and older adults. Cognitive impairment associated with cannabis use may be especially detrimental to these understudied age groups. We hypothesized that among middle-aged and older adults who used cannabis for 12 months, frequent (≥3 days/week) compared with nonfrequent (≤2 days/week) use will be associated with cognitive impairment. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> We performed secondary analysis on data from a clinical trial of cannabis use for medical symptoms. Participants (<i>n</i>=62) were ≥45 years, and completed a baseline and at least one postbaseline visit. Cognitive domains were assessed through the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Cannabis use was assessed prospectively through daily smartphone diaries. Frequency of cannabis use was a binary predictor in a mixed-effects logistic regression model predicting cognitive impairment adjusted for baseline cognitive functioning. <b>Results:</b> At baseline, participants were primarily nonfrequent cannabis users; however, in all other time periods, most participants were frequent users (range: 55-58%). Cognitive outcomes did not differ between frequent and nonfrequent cannabis users. However, in sensitivity analyses, respondents with problematic cannabis use scored significantly worse on one cognitive domain compared to those without problematic cannabis use. <b>Conclusions:</b> In a clinical sample of adults aged ≥45 years, no longitudinal associations were found between cannabis use and cognitive functioning. However, a few significant associations were observed between problematic use and cognitive functioning. Further research is needed to assess the impact of cannabis use on adults, particularly those aged ≥65 years, and to investigate potential subtler influences of cannabis use on cognition. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03224468.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e933-e938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10427471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Pilot Testing of an Experimental Cannabis Marketplace: Toward Evaluating the Impact of Cannabis Policy on Consumer Choices.","authors":"Lara N Coughlin, Claudia J Jennings, Lauren Hellman, Autumn Rae Florimbio, Mary Jannausch, Erin E Bonar","doi":"10.1089/can.2022.0273","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2022.0273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The legal landscape of recreational cannabis production and consumption is rapidly expanding, driving a need to inform empirically supported cannabis regulatory policy. A behavioral economic framework integrating economic constructs (e.g., price, substitutability) with psychology and decision-making sciences, has previously been applied to tobacco regulatory sciences through the use of experimental marketplaces. However, experimental marketplaces have not yet been applied to understand cannabis choice behaviors or study ways to minimize risks from use. Herein, we describe the development and initial feasibility testing of an Experimental Cannabis Marketplace (ECM). The ECM can serve as an experimental platform relevant to evaluating the impact of regulatory policies on cannabis choices and use behavior. <b>Methods:</b> The ECM was designed to resemble an online cannabis dispensary. Adults aged 21 and older with past month cannabis use and past month purchase from a recreational dispensary were recruited online. To test the feasibility and acceptability of the ECM, 62 people completed the ECM shopping task and provided feedback on the ECM prototype. Participants also reported about their typical purchases from real-world dispensaries. <b>Results:</b> Nearly all participants rated the ECM as very (80.65%) or somewhat (16.13%) easy to navigate, and rated task instructions as at least mostly clear (100%). The majority (75.81%) said cannabis products available in the ECM were mostly the same or exactly the same as at their typical dispensary. Participant purchase choices in actual dispensary purchases closely matched ECM purchases, with 88% of product choices in typical real-world cannabis dispensaries matching the ECM products purchased. <b>Discussion:</b> Initial testing of the ECM indicates it is an acceptable and feasible tool for understanding cannabis purchasing and choice behavior. These preliminary findings suggest that the ECM mimics cannabis dispensary settings with people making similar choices to those made in the real world.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e870-e877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9677280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}