Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Early-Life Adversity on Cannabis Use: Exploring the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Chronic Pain.","authors":"James S Hodges, Briana N DeAngelis, Jacob Borodovsky, Alan Budney, Mustafa al'Absi","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0218","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Although research suggests that early-life adversity (ELA) and cannabis use are linked, researchers have not established factors that mediate or modify this relationship. Identifying such factors could help in developing targeted interventions. We explored chronic pain as a potential mediator or moderator of this relationship. <b>Methods:</b> Using an online study, we collected cross-sectional data about ELA, cannabis use, and chronic pain to test whether ELA (adverse childhood experiences total score) is associated with cannabis use, and to examine pain as a potential mediator or moderator. Cannabis use was examined two ways: times used per day, and categorized as non-, some, or regular use. Chronic pain was measured as present/absent and as the number of painful body locations (0-8). Analyses used linear and multinomial regression. <b>Results:</b> ELA, chronic pain, and cannabis use were common among respondents. ELA was strongly associated with both measures of cannabis use. The number of painful body locations modestly mediated the association of ELA with cannabis use, reducing the magnitude of regression coefficients by about 1/7. The number of painful body locations modified the association between ELA and cannabis use (<i>p</i>≤0.006), while chronic pain presence/absence (a less-informative measure) had only a nonsignificant modification effect (<i>p</i>≥0.10). When either ELA or pain was high, the other was not associated with cannabis use; when either ELA or pain was low, more painful locations or higher ELA (respectively) was associated with more intense cannabis use. <b>Conclusion:</b> These exploratory findings suggest the importance of ELA and chronic pain as factors contributing to cannabis use, and of accounting for these factors in developing treatment and prevention strategies addressing cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e156-e164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.03215.revack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.03215.revack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"92-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose of Product or Product Concentration: A Comparison of Change in Heart Rate by THC Concentration for Participants Using Cannabis Daily and Occasionally.","authors":"Sarah A Limbacher, Suneeta Godbole, Julia Wrobel, George Sam Wang, Ashley Brooks-Russell","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Studies show that acute cannabis use significantly increases heart rate (HR) and mildly raises blood pressure in the minutes following smoked or inhaled use of cannabis. However, less is known about how the THC concentration of the product or an individual's frequency of use (i.e., tolerance) may affect the magnitude of the change in HR. It is also relatively unexamined how the physical effects of increased HR after acute cannabis use relate to self-reported drug effects or blood THC levels. <b>Aims:</b> To describe the relationship between THC concentration of product used, self-reported subjective intoxication, THC blood levels, and frequency of cannabis use with the change in HR after acute cannabis use. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Participants (<i>n</i> = 140) were given 15 min to smoke self-supplied cannabis <i>ad libitum</i>, HR was measured at baseline and an average of 2 min post-cannabis smoking. The ARCI-Marijuana scale and Visual Analog Scales (VAS) were administered, and blood samples were taken at both time points. Participants were asked about their frequency of use. Information about the product used was recorded from the package. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between changes in HR (post-pre cannabis use) and post-cannabis use HR, blood THC concentration, THC product concentration, frequency of use, and self-reported drug effect. <b>Results:</b> There was a significantly higher HR among those who smoked cannabis compared to the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001), which did not significantly differ by frequency of use (<i>p</i> = 0.18). Higher concentration THC (extract) products did not produce a significantly different HR than lower concentration (flower) products (<i>p</i> = 0.096). VAS score was associated with an increase in HR (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, blood THC levels were not significantly related to the change in HR (<i>p</i> = 0.69); however, when probed, there was a slight positive association among the occasional use group only. <b>Discussion:</b> Cardiovascular effects of cannabis consumption may not be as subject to tolerance with daily cannabis use and do not directly increase with THC concentration of the product. This is a departure from other effects (i.e., cognitive, subjective drug effects) where tolerance is well established. These findings also suggest that, at least among those with daily use, higher concentration THC products (>60%) do not necessarily produce cardiovascular physiological effects that are significantly more robust than lower concentration (<20%) products.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of Cannabis Vaporization: Examining Safety and Best Practices.","authors":"Caroline A MacCallum, Lindsay A Lo, Michael Boivin","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0219","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Cannabis vaporization is useful for individuals requiring fast-acting method of cannabis administration and for individuals using smoked cannabis as a harm reduction tool. There is a need for guidance on how to assess if a patient is a vaporization candidate and how to safely initiate and monitor cannabis vaporization. <b>Methods:</b> An overview of safe cannabis vaporization, including practical guidance and tactics to promote the lowest-risk use, is provided. This review was developed through a combination of expert clinical opinion and reviewing the available literature. <b>Results:</b> Dried cannabis vaporizers and metered-dose inhalers are recommended to be used over other vaporization devices. Assessing the benefit versus risks of vaporized cannabis and providing guidance for choosing a vaporization device, choosing a cannabis chemovar, and employing a mindful vaping technique are important steps in the safe utilization of vaporized cannabis. Dosing optimization and monitoring to limit adverse events and improve symptom control are essential. <b>Discussion:</b> The utilization of cannabis vaporization presents an important opportunity for clinicians and other health professionals to help facilitate safer cannabis administration and reduce the prevalence of smoked cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoids for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Alen Brodaric, Aleksandra Polikarpova, Jonathan Hong","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0061","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has two main variants, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), which are characterized by a cycle of remission and relapse. The aim of this scoping review is to understand the landscape of unprescribed and prescribed cannabis use among patients with IBD and investigate objective clinical benefits. <b>Methodology:</b> A literature search was performed across Medline, Embase via Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. We included 40 studies (14 abstracts/letters, 7 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 6 cohort studies [2 case-matched], 10 cross-sectional surveys, and 3 meta-analyses) in the review. <b>Results:</b> Between 11% and 17.6% of surveyed patients used cannabis for symptom control with a lifetime prevalence of 39.8-78.2%. Patients reported reduced abdominal pain, emotional distress, stool frequency, and anorexia. There was a higher rate of depression, tobacco, and alcohol use among patients with IBD who used cannabis. Individual studies showed patients who were prescribed cannabis were more likely to have had surgery for IBD (14.5% vs. 4.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.0008), require future abdominal surgery (odds ratio = 5.03), report a lower quality of life (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), currently be on corticosteroids (18.1% vs. 10.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and opioids (27.7% vs. 6.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). RCTs of cannabinoids reported mild reductions in disease activity and variable endoscopic inflammation improvement. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients who use cannabis for IBD are a cohort with refractory disease and lower quality of life who report improvements in symptom management. However, the ability to reduce underlying disease activity appears very modest. Further trials using refined cannabinoid formulations may define a use in IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Decreasing Cannabis Use in People with Psychosis: A Systematic Review Update.","authors":"Ovidiu Tatar, Hamzah Bakouni, Amal Abdel-Baki, Didier Jutras-Aswad","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0094","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis use is highly prevalent in people with psychotic disorders and is associated with adverse outcomes. We updated our 2020 systematic review related to the efficacy of technology-based psychological interventions (TBPIs) to decrease cannabis use in individuals with psychosis, the design of TBPIs, and their acceptability. We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMB Reviews for references indexed between November 27, 2019, and July 27, 2023, and used the PRISMA guidelines to report the results. We screened 5083 unique records and retained three studies for the narrative synthesis. Two quantitative studies showed promising results of internet or virtual reality-based psychological interventions that incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and psychoeducation principles on the frequency and quantity of cannabis use. A qualitative exploratory study provided an integrative synthesis of patient and clinician opinions pertaining to the use of psychological approaches and technology to tackle cannabis misuse in individuals with psychosis. In contradiction with the rapidly expanding mobile-health solutions in the field of mental health, there is a dearth of research related to the use of internet and app-based psychological interventions for cannabis use in individuals with psychosis. The use of qualitative research is pivotal in the development of TBPIs. Our initial review and its update show that only 11 peer-reviewed journal articles that met our inclusion criteria have been published so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Snoop Dogg's Announcement to \"Give Up Smoke\" Has Fans Reevaluating Their Own Patterns of Cannabis Use.","authors":"Kelly C Young-Wolff, Esti Iturralde","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e184-e186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Evidence of Endocannabinoid System on Perceived Stress and Restricted Food Intake: The Role of Variants rs324420 in <i>FAAH</i> Gene and rs1049353 in <i>CNR1</i> Gene.","authors":"Tania Yadira Martínez-Rodríguez, Elia H Valdés-Miramontes, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Zyanya Reyes-Castillo","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0077","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is active in brain regions involved in stress, food intake, and emotional regulation. The CB1 receptor and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme regulate the ECS. Genetic variants in the <i>FAAH</i> gene (rs324420) and in the <i>CNR1</i> gene (rs1049353) have been involved in both chronic stress and obesity. As a maladaptive strategy to evade the stress, three dysfunctional eating patterns may appear: cognitive restriction, disinhibition, and emotional eating. <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the association of variants rs324420 in the <i>FAAH</i> gene and rs1049353 in the <i>CNR1</i> gene with perceived stress, dysfunctional eating patterns, and anthropometric and body composition variables. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study included 189 participants from western Mexico. The Spanish version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale were applied. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan^® probes. <b>Results:</b> It was found that subjects with CA/AA genotypes in <i>FAAH</i> had a higher risk of presenting high scores in stress perception than CC genotype carriers (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007-3.339; <i>p</i> = 0.048); in addition, the CC genotype of this genetic variant was related to higher body weight and body fat, but no association was found with dysfunctional eating patterns. As for the <i>CNR1</i> single-nucleotide polymorphism, this variant showed no significant association with stress perception scores, but subjects with GA/AA genotypes in <i>CNR1</i> had a lower risk of presenting high scores of restriction in food intake compared with GG genotype carriers (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.046-0.322; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Therefore, this study suggests a differential role of the ECS genes <i>FAAH</i> and <i>CNR1</i> in perceived stress and dysfunctional eating patterns, respectively. Further studies in other populations are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e112-e120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Microbial Translocation in Persons with HIV.","authors":"Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Anoma Somasunderam, Jordan E Lake, Jonathan Gelfond, Marjan Javanbakht, Pamina Gorbach, Steven Shoptaw, Joy Schmitz","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0109","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The relationship between cannabis and inflammation among persons with HIV (PWH) remains unclear. We examined whether the cannabis metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) is associated with lower levels of plasma biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation, and microbial translocation in PWH. We hypothesized that cannabis use would be associated with lower levels of plasma inflammatory biomarkers than noncannabis use. <b>Methods:</b> We quantified THC-COOH in plasma, with THC-COOH levels between 5.1-69.9 μg/L and ≥70 μg/L being classified as moderate and heavy cannabis use, respectively, with noncannabis use defined as undetected THC-COOH. We measured a panel of plasma biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1-<i>β</i>, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-18, IL-6, and C-reactive protein), immune activation (CD14 and CD163), and microbial translocation (iFABP2 and lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP]), with all biomarkers collected on the same day. We used a cross-sectional design and linear regression models to test whether cannabis use is associated with lower biomarker levels. <b>Results:</b> Participants were (<i>N</i>=107) sexual minority men with HIV (median age=32 years, IQR=28, 38), of whom 65% were virally suppressed; 36%, 44%, and 20% were classified as nonuse, moderate, and heavy cannabis, respectively. In linear regression models adjusted for viral suppression, stimulant use, and CD4 counts, heavy cannabis use was significantly associated with lower levels of log₁₀ LBP (<i>β</i>=-0.14, 95% confidence interval: -0.24 to -0.04; false discovery rate=0.0029; partial eta squared=0.07) than noncannabis users. No precise associations were observed for other biomarkers (all <i>p</i>>0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that cannabis use may be associated with lower plasma LBP. Further work is needed to clarify the relationship between cannabis use and biomarkers of microbial translocation in PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1579-e1587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Optimization of more Efficient Olivetolic Acid Synthases.","authors":"Yue Yang, Shimeng Liu, Zihe Li, Changlong Lai, Hao Wu, Zhenzhu Li, Wenhao Xia, Qiuhui Du, Lihui Huang, Wen Wang, Xiao Wang, Xianqing Chen","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0226","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Olivetolic acid (OLA) is a key intermediate in cannabidiol (CBD) synthesis, and cannabinoids are important neuroactive drugs. However, the catalytic activity of olivetolic acid synthase (OLS), the key enzyme involved in OLA biosynthesis, remains low and its catalytic mechanism is unclear. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this study, we conducted a scrupulous screening of the pivotal rate-limiting enzyme and analyzed its amino acid sites that are critical to enzyme activity as validated by experiments. <b>Results:</b> Through stringent enzyme screening, we pinpointed a highly active OLS sequence, OLS4. Then, we narrowed down three critical amino acid sites (I258, D198, E196) that significantly influence the OLS activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings laid the groundwork for the efficient biosynthesis of OLA, and thereby facilitate the biosynthesis of CBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1482-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}