Changha Kim, Jin Wook Lee, Geun Tae Park, Myeong Su Shin, Seung Hun Baek, Jae Seung Woo, Woo Young Choi
{"title":"In Situ XOR Encryption for Lightweight Security Using Nanoelectromechanical Physically Unclonable Functions","authors":"Changha Kim, Jin Wook Lee, Geun Tae Park, Myeong Su Shin, Seung Hun Baek, Jae Seung Woo, Woo Young Choi","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400805","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400805","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An in situ XOR encryption/decryption approach using a nanoelectromechanical physically unclonable function (NEM-PUF) is proposed for the first time. It addresses the critical security issues during data transfer between servers/clouds and resource-constrained edge devices. The monolithic integration of NEM-PUFs using the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) process leverages process-induced intentional random stiction as an entropy source. The unique ability of NEM-PUF cells to store complementary data within a single cell enables bitwise in situ XOR operations. This feature of NEM-PUF-based in situ XOR encryption eliminates the need for complex cryptographic algorithms, which significantly reduces the power consumption, footprint, and latency compared with conventional cryptography schemes. The proposed in situ XOR encryption is demonstrated effectively within a typical federated learning domain, showcasing its broad potential applications for Internet of Things security.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabio Lazzari, Jacopo Romanò, Davide Faranna, Lorenzo Garavaglia, Francesco Volontè, Carlo Fanciulli, Simone Pittaccio
{"title":"A Wearable Soft Actuator for Directional Tactile Stimulation: Design and Testing","authors":"Fabio Lazzari, Jacopo Romanò, Davide Faranna, Lorenzo Garavaglia, Francesco Volontè, Carlo Fanciulli, Simone Pittaccio","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400899","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000This article describes the design and characterization of a wearable, shape memory alloy (SMA)-based soft actuator that provides touch-like, directional forces to enhance motor training through proprioceptive signals. The actuator's design considers functional requirements like weight, actuation speed, and stroke length, as well as human skin mechanics. It is fabricated by embedding the SMA spring in a silicone rubber matrix using 3D-printed moulds. The impact of the silicone matrix on cooling during repeated actuations was assessed using thermal imaging. Testing was repeated on bare skin and under light clothing. Usability was evaluated through a questionnaire. The actuator demonstrates mechanical performance comparable to existing literature while ensuring comfort, lightness, and versatility, and meets functional and wearability requirements. Through the fabrication and characterization of the device it is demonstrated that the principles that are applied during its design can allow to obtain SMA-based actuators capable of delivering directional feedback. The device is well received by the users, laying the foundation for future studies aimed to apply directional haptic feedback to the enhancement of motor learning in rehabilitation and sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Recent Advances on Underwater Soft Robots”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202500164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202500164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Qu, J., Xu, Y., Li, Z., Yu, Z., Mao, B., Wang, Y., … & Li, T. (2024). Recent advances on underwater soft robots. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 6(2), 2300299.</p><p>https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aisy.202300299\u0000 </p><p>In Figure 7, originally published in Advanced Intelligent Systems, 4(5), 2100165, the reference to that article should have been cited below this figure. In this “Correction” this has been added.</p><p><b>Reference</b>\u0000 </p><p>[406] J. Wang, A. Chortos, <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i> <b>2022</b>, <i>4</i>, 2100165.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202500164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaehong Park, Guentae Doh, Dongho Lee, Youngho Kim, Changmin Shin, Su-Jin Shin, Young-Chul Ghim, Sanghoo Park, Wonho Choe
{"title":"Predicting Performance of Hall Effect Ion Source Using Machine Learning","authors":"Jaehong Park, Guentae Doh, Dongho Lee, Youngho Kim, Changmin Shin, Su-Jin Shin, Young-Chul Ghim, Sanghoo Park, Wonho Choe","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202570011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202570011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Hall Effect Ion Source</b>\u0000 </p><p>In article number 2400555, Wonho Choe and co-workers introduce a machine learning-based approach to accurately predicting the performance of Hall thrusters, a critical technology for space propulsion and industrial ion beam sources. By utilizing an ensemble of neural networks trained on 18,000 simulation datasets validated by experiments, the model achieves high accuracy in thrust and discharge current predictions, enabling the rapid development of optimized, high-efficiency thrusters with shorter design cycles.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202570011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kouki Kimizuka, Saman Azhari, Shoshi Tokuno, Ahmet Karacali, Yuki Usami, Shuhei Ikemoto, Hakaru Tamukoh, Hirofumi Tanaka
{"title":"Haptic In-Sensor Computing Device Based on CNT/PDMS Nanocomposite Physical Reservoir","authors":"Kouki Kimizuka, Saman Azhari, Shoshi Tokuno, Ahmet Karacali, Yuki Usami, Shuhei Ikemoto, Hakaru Tamukoh, Hirofumi Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202570016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202570016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Haptic In-Sensor Computing Device</b>\u0000 </p><p>Hirofumi Tanaka, Saman Azhari, and co-workers developed a CNT/PDMS nanocomposite sensor that functions as a physical reservoir computing device. By incorporating the sensor into a robotic hand, they successfully demonstrated its real-time in-sensor computing capabilities, harnessing its nonlinear response for object classification. This breakthrough paves the way for new advancements in robotics, enabling precise and adaptive manipulation. More details can be found in article number 2400640.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202570016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yahongyang Lydia Li, Ismail M. Khater, Christian Hallgrimson, Ben Cardoen, Timothy H. Wong, Ghassan Hamarneh, Ivan R. Nabi
{"title":"SuperResNET: Model-Free Single-Molecule Network Analysis Software Achieves Molecular Resolution of Nup96","authors":"Yahongyang Lydia Li, Ismail M. Khater, Christian Hallgrimson, Ben Cardoen, Timothy H. Wong, Ghassan Hamarneh, Ivan R. Nabi","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202570014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202570014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>SuperResNET Software</b>\u0000 </p><p>SuperResNET machine learning analysis software visualizes and quantifies single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) point cloud data. SuperResNET segments nucleopore octagon structures, its eight corners and identifies two modules in corners, corresponding to two individual Nup96 molecules. More details can be found in article number 2400521 by Ismail M. Khater, Ghassan Hamarneh, Ivan R. Nabi, and co-workers.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202570014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Analog Memristor Characteristics for Hardware Synaptic Weight in Multilayer Neural Network","authors":"Jingon Jang, Yoonseok Song, Sungjun Park","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202570012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202570012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Analog Memristor Characteristics</b>\u0000 </p><p>The systematic design of memristor-based neural network is provided by analog conductance state parameters to accurately emulate the software-based high-resolution weight at discrete device level. The requirement of discrete analog conductance of memristor device is measured as ≈50 states with nonlinearity value of ≈0.142 within the deviation range of 5% for inference accuracy of ≈84.36% and loss value of ≈0.168. Further details can be found in article number 2400710 by Jingon Jang, Yoonseok Song, and Sungjun Park.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202570012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Sangwon Cha, Md Farhad Hassan, Wenxin Cai, Tahsin Sejat Saniat, Cedar Rose Leach, Yasser Khan
{"title":"Printed Wearable Sweat Rate Sensor for Continuous In Situ Perspiration Measurement","authors":"Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Sangwon Cha, Md Farhad Hassan, Wenxin Cai, Tahsin Sejat Saniat, Cedar Rose Leach, Yasser Khan","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202570015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202570015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Printed Wearable Sweat Rate Sensor</b>\u0000 </p><p>In article number 2400927, Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Yasser Khan, and colleagues introduce a wireless, flexible sweat rate sensor developed using direct 3D writing and integrated microfluidics for real-time monitoring of sweat dynamics. The device features printed encapsulated metal electrodes that achieve high-sensitivity capacitance measurements (0.01 µL min<sup>−1</sup>) within a compact, lightweight design. Sweat rate data is wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone application, with the system validated through comprehensive modeling, simulations, and experiments. Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio (https://inmywork.com).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202570015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyi Gao, Zhenlin Jin, Lin Liang, Zhipeng Hu, Kai He, Fengran Xie, Qiyang Zuo
{"title":"Design and Analysis for a Diving-Beetle-Inspired Swimming Robot with Multi-Flexible Appendages","authors":"Xinyi Gao, Zhenlin Jin, Lin Liang, Zhipeng Hu, Kai He, Fengran Xie, Qiyang Zuo","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400820","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400820","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000In nature, the diving beetle is a drag-powered excellent swimmer. It uses the flexible multi-segment appendages to generate asymmetric force during the power stroke and recovery stroke for swimming. Meanwhile, the middle appendages are considered to help regulate stability. Inspired by this, a comprehensive study on a diving-beetle-like swimming robot is presented. The design of the robot is first demonstrated. Soft rubber is used as a passive flexible joint for the multi-flexible appendage, and the swimming gaits are mimicked. Next, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed appendage design, its dynamic model is established and the effects of overly high and overly low stiffness on net thrust generation are compared. Finally, extensive thrust and swimming tests are conducted. The experimental results show that by mimicking the diving beetle's appendage structure and swimming gaits, the proposed robot can effectively perform forward swimming and turning maneuvers. Furthermore, comparing only the hind appendage, the experimental results reveal that coordinating the hind appendage and the middle appendage gives the robot a faster turning speed. Additionally, utilizing the enhanced maneuverability, a proportional-derivative controller is employed to control the robot's yaw stability, and the experimental results demonstrate that the robot has good robustness and disturbance resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Liu, Changchun Wu, Senyuan Lin, James Lam, Ning Xi, Yonghua Chen
{"title":"Advances in 3D and 4D Printing of Soft Robotics and Their Applications","authors":"Hao Liu, Changchun Wu, Senyuan Lin, James Lam, Ning Xi, Yonghua Chen","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400699","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aisy.202400699","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soft robots inspired by natural organisms exhibit unprecedented deformation abilities for diverse applications leveraging various smart materials, intelligent structures, and actuation principles. At the same time, advancements in 3D printing technology empower contemporary 3D printers with higher resolution, faster printing speed, and a broader selection of materials. The progression of 3D printing technologies offers additional avenues for fabricating soft robots, facilitating their practical utilization, and commercialization. This review summarizes fundamental 3D printing principles, encompassing fused filament fabrication, direct ink writing, vat photopolymerization, material jetting, and selective laser sintering and emphasizing their capabilities in material selection, multimaterial printability, soft robot fabrication, and smart material printing. This article is concluded with applications of 3D- and 4D-printed soft robots and perspective on future designs and fabrication strategies is offered. This article bridges the gaps between soft polymers, 3D printing technologies, soft actuators, and robotic applications, providing guidance for multidisciplinary researchers in the domains of 3D printing and soft robotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}