{"title":"[Current standard treatments and future outlook for follicular lymphoma].","authors":"Dai Maruyama","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.1004","DOIUrl":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.1004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common subtype of indolent lymphoma. Survival outcomes for FL have improved since the introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab, and median overall survival has reached 15-20 years. However, FL is an incurable disease that subsequently progresses or relapses, and progression-free and overall survival tend to shorten with repeated relapses. For patients with limited-stage disease, radiation therapy is generally the treatment of choice and results in a median survival of approximately nearly 20 years. For advanced-stage patients with low tumor burden, watchful waiting continues to be the appropriate strategy at present. It remains unclear whether rituximab monotherapy might change this watchful waiting approach and result in a benefit from early intervention in patients with low tumor burden. For advanced-stage patients with high tumor burden, chemoimmunotherapy including rituximab or obinutuzumab followed by maintenance therapy is the standard treatment. For relapsed or refractory patients, treatment options such as chemoimmunotherapy, lenalidomide-rituximab, tazemetostat, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and CD3/CD20 bispecific antibodies are available or in development. This review presents current standard treatments, recent advances, and future perspectives on the management of FL.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 9","pages":"1004-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The role and regulation of EVI1 in normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic malignancies].","authors":"Yosuke Masamoto","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.954","DOIUrl":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EVI1 is a zinc finger transcription factor encoded by the MECOM locus and is essential for the development and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. However, overexpression of EVI1 in various myeloid malignancies is associated with aggressive clinical behavior and poor outcome. The locus encodes multiple isoforms that are differentially acting and independently regulated. EVI1 interacts with a variety of transcription and epigenetic factors via different domains. It also regulates cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation through a variety of mechanisms, including transcriptional activation and repression, regulation of other transcription factors' activity, and chromatin remodeling. While the mechanism by which 3q26 translocation leads to high EVI1 expression through enhancer hijacking of genes active in myeloid development is now better understood, regulation of EVI1 expression in the absence of chromosomal translocations and in normal hematopoiesis remains unclear. Recent studies have provided insight into the regulatory mechanisms of EVI1 expression and action, which may lead to development of targeted therapies in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 9","pages":"954-960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Durable remission of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with CLEC16A::IL2 after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].","authors":"Haruka Momose, Naoki Kurita, Hidekazu Nishikii, Nozomi Yusa, Kazuaki Yokoyama, Eigo Shimizu, Seiya Imoto, Toru Nanmoku, Yumiko Maruyama, Tatsuhiro Sakamoto, Yasuhisa Yokoyama, Takayasu Kato, Ryota Matsuoka, Naoshi Obara, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Shigeru Chiba","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.35","DOIUrl":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 64-year-old woman presented with fine motor impairment in both hands. MRI revealed a contrast-enhanced lesion in the medulla oblongata. Lymphoid cells with abnormal blebs were observed and a CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> double positive (DP) T cell population was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in the bone marrow (BM) and the peripheral blood (PB). CLEC16A::IL2 fusion gene was identified by whole exome sequencing with DNA prepared from DP T cells. Clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene and expression of TCL1A protein were detected. This led to a diagnosis of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) with central nervous system (CNS) infiltration. Abnormal cells in BM and PB became undetectable on microscopy and FCM, and the CNS lesion disappeared on MRI after second-line therapy with alemtuzumab. Meanwhile, the CLEC16A::IL2 fusion mRNA remained detectable in PB. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation was performed, and the fusion mRNA has now been undetectable for more than 5 years since transplantation. This is the first report of a T-PLL case with a CLEC16A::IL2 fusion gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Severe consciousness disturbance after cord blood transplantation for relapsed T lymphoblastic lymphoma].","authors":"Naokazu Nakamura, Chisaki Mizumoto, Akihiko Sugimoto, Masakazu Fujimoto, Takashi Ayaki, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.47","DOIUrl":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) has a poor prognosis. Nelarabine has recently shown relatively good results in patients with relapsed or refractory T-ALL/LBL, but requires careful monitoring for neurological complications. A 50-year-old man with early recurrence of T-LBL after allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation received nelarabine monotherapy and achieved complete remission after 1 cycle. He then received umbilical cord blood transplantation, and experienced sustained disturbance of consciousness. He later died of multiple organ failure, and autopsy suggested that nelarabine-induced leukoencephalopathy had caused the disturbance of consciousness. This case suggests that physicians should carefully monitor patients for neurological complications and consider imaging follow-up and consultation with a neurologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Sequential therapy with inotuzumab ozogamicin followed by CAR T-cell therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia].","authors":"Yo Mizutani, Shinsuke Kusakabe, Kentaro Fukushima, Hiraku Murakami, Masataka Hamada, Chihiro Hasegawa, Emiko Mizuta, Yuta Yamaguchi, Ritsuko Nakai, Ryumei Kurashige, Akihisa Hino, Tomoaki Ueda, Jiro Fujita, Takako Miyamura, Naoki Hosen","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.78","DOIUrl":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 25-year-old woman with a history of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia over ten years ago was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of leukoblastosis. She was participating in a JPLSG (Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group) clinical study at that time. We diagnosed ALL relapse by multi-color flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow samples at admission, with reference to previous JPLSG data. Because her leukemic cells were resistant to conventional cytotoxic agents, she proceeded to lymphocyte apheresis for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T, Tisagenlecleucel [Tisa-cel]). She received two cycles of inotuzumab ozogamicin as a bridging therapy to Tisa-cel, resulting in a hematological complete remission (minimal residual disease measured by polymerase chain reaction [PCR-MRD] was positive at 1.0×10<sup>-4</sup>). She was finally administered Tisa-cel and achieved MRD negativity. She is currently in complete remission with careful MRD monitoring. This strategy of sequential bi-targeted therapy combining antibody conjugates and CAR-T cells provides tumor control in deeper remission and minimal damage to organ function through reduced use of cytotoxic anti-tumor agents. Therefore, we believe that this therapeutic strategy is an effective and rational treatment for adolescent and young adult ALL patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 2","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[FLT3-ITD mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia undergoing clonal transition with PTPN11 mutation at relapse].","authors":"Kazuya Kurihara, Daichi Sadato, Yuho Najima, Chizuko Hirama, Kyoko Haraguchi, Kana Kato, Kaori Kondo, Yasutaka Sadaga, Chika Kato, Satoshi Sakai, Yasuhiro Kambara, Yoshimi Nabe, Koh Teshima, Kazuya Asano, Atsushi Jinguji, Masashi Shimabukuro, Fumihiko Ouchi, Kazuki Inai, Satoshi Koi, Naoki Shingai, Takashi Toya, Hiroaki Shimizu, Takeshi Kobayashi, Keisuke Oboki, Hironori Harada, Yoshiki Okuyama, Yuka Harada, Noriko Doki","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.63","DOIUrl":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 28-year-old man was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. He achieved complete remission (CR) after two cycles of induction therapy. However, after consolidation therapy, bone marrow aspiration performed to prepare for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation revealed disease relapse. Companion diagnostics confirmed the presence of the FLT3-ITD mutation. The patient received gilteritinib monotherapy and achieved CR. Subsequently, he underwent unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. One year after transplantation, the patient relapsed, and gilteritinib was resumed. However, the leukemia progressed, and panel sequencing using a next-generation sequencer showed that the FLT3-ITD mutation disappeared. A mutation in PTPN11, which regulates the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, was also detected. Gilteritinib was discontinued, and the patient achieved CR with salvage chemotherapy. He underwent related haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation but died of relapse. This was a case in which genetic analysis revealed clonal transition and acquisition of resistance to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 2","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11406/rinketsu.65.485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 6","pages":"485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Challenges of international collaborative clinical trials in Asia].","authors":"Yasuhiro Okamoto","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11406/rinketsu.65.584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical trials with a solid strategy are indispensable for improving outcomes of rare childhood leukemias such as infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and ALL associated with Down syndrome, and international collaboration contributes to trial success. I am part of a group conducting an international trial of ALL associated with Down syndrome in collaboration with Asian countries. Although we are meeting enrollment targets, there have been no enrollments outside Japan. We also planned a clinical trial in unclassifiable acute leukemia, but abandoned this effort due to a lack of consensus on the choice of treatment regimen. Many elements must fit together for an international trial to succeed, including not only the study's concept, theme, and objectives, but also the organization, the logistics, and, ultimately, trained professionals to carry it out. At the same time, of course, there is the need for appropriate timing and luck. International trials across countries with different cultures, social organizations, and medical systems require persistent effort and negotiation skills. Professional training and infrastructure development are necessary to make this possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 6","pages":"584-589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Development of dual-targeted CAR T-cell therapy].","authors":"Itaru Kato","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11406/rinketsu.65.662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T-cell therapy) has revolutionized the treatment of relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies. Targeting of the CD19 antigen on B cells has yielded high rates of remission induction and sustained remission in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell lymphomas. Despite these remarkable responses, many escape mechanisms from CAR-T cell therapy have been identified, with the most common being target antigen deficiency. This paper focuses on CD19 CAR-T cell therapies, which are currently the most clinically used, and describes new strategies to overcome resistance using multi-targeted CAR-T cells, such as CD19-CD20 CAR-T cells and CD19-CD22 CAR-T cells, which are being developed in preclinical and clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 7","pages":"662-667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"10.11406/rinketsu.65.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11406/rinketsu.65.207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93844,"journal":{"name":"[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology","volume":"65 4","pages":"207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}