Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”最新文献

{"title":"The influence of physical factors on the viability of the seed material Echinacea purpurea variety “Livadia”","authors":"Elena Gavrilkova, Saltanat Ushkempirovna Tkeukenova, Rosa Tletayevna Musina, A. Kali","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/62-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/62-70","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents data on the germination of Echinacea purpurea seeds of the variety “Livadia” as a result of the influence of physical factors. The seed material was previously cryogenically stored for a day, then the seeds were exposed to laser irradiation and magnetic fields for a certain time, and the bubbling method was also used in the experiment. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that seeds exposed to magnetic fields retain their viability, but there is no improvement in germination indicators compared to the control group. Positive dynamics in seed germination and the passage of ontogenesis phases were observed in experimental variants with preliminary cryogenic storage of seeds and subsequent bubbling for one day, germination rates were comparable with control values. The seed material irradiated with a He-Ne laser beam showed a decrease in germination rates compared to the control group.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79180409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current state of populations and resources of Salvia stepposa in Central Kazakhstan","authors":"Madina Butumbayeva, M. Silanteva, Sayagul Serikovna Tyrzhenova, M. A. Nortseva, G. Turlybekova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/55-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/55-61","url":null,"abstract":"World experience in the use of medicines shows the prospect of developing drugs based on the use of plant raw materials, including wild-growing ones. In this aspect, field studies are needed to assess the status of medicinal plant populations to organize a system of rational use and conservation of biological diversity. For Salvia stepposa populations, we evaluate botanical features, ontogenetic spectrum, and resource indicators of plants. Structural indicators of four populations of S. stepposa in the Ulytau, Karkaraly Mountains, Spassky Hills, and Korneev forests are studied. It is determined that the species composition of communities ranged from 25 to 44 species. Populations in the Ulytau and Karkaraly Mountains are defined as young by the ratio of ontogenetic groups; populations in the Korneev forests and Spassky Hills — as medium-aged. All populations are in satisfactory condition and can be used to organize preparations of medicinal plant raw materials. The total area of the studied thickets in the Karaganda region amounted to 45.4 hectares, the yield varied from 284 to 462 kg/ha. The final operating reserve is estimated at 16,677 kg, the volume of possible collection is 8339 kg.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75449522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment for bluetongue virus spread in Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Zhigailov, Y. Ostapchuk, Y. Perfilyeva, N. Abdolla, Elena Romanovna Maltseva, D. Naizabayeva, S. Kuatbekova, A. Mashzhan, A. Nizkorodova, Z. Berdygulova, Y. Skiba, Seidigappar Mamadalievich Mamadaliyev","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg1/71-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg1/71-81","url":null,"abstract":"Kazakhstan is considered to be free from bluetongue. At the same time, biting midges of the genus Culicoides, which are the main vectors of the bluetongue virus, are widespread in the country. An optimal climate for biting midge breeding, a high density of livestock susceptible to the virus, and a constant influx of imported breeding stock from areas where the infection is endemic in southern Kazakhstan cumulatively constitute favorable conditions for the spread of bluetongue in the case of virus transmission in Kazakhstan from other countries. The uncontrolled spread of this infection on the territory of Kazakhstan can be associated with colossal economic losses since sheep breeding is paramount for domestic animal husbandry. In this case, economic costs will not be limited only by the death of animals; significant damage can be caused to the image of our country as an exporter of lamb. This review provides information highlighting the importance of bluetongue control programs in Kazakhstan and an analysis of the risks of the spread of this infection in the country.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76110578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New information on the distribution of scorpions of the genus Anomalobuthus in Kazakhstan","authors":"A. A. Fedorov, A. Yeszhanov","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/127-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/127-133","url":null,"abstract":"Arachnids (Arachnida) are an extensive class of arthropod invertebrates, numbering 114 thousand species, while the most numerous in terms of the number of taxa are spiders (Aranei) and ticks (Acari). Arachnids are found in all continents of the globe and are the second largest group of taxa after insects. This group of animals is of great importance in the functioning of ecosystems, since arachnids play an important role in food chains, and are also vectors of a wide range of infections, especially dangerous ones. Finally, representatives of some orders of these arthropods are valuable venom producers. Nevertheless, this group of invertebrates has been studied unevenly, and information on various species of arachnids is often fragmentary. For example, it was previously believed that only one monotypic genus with a single species lives on the territory of Kazakhstan — Anomalobuthus rickmersi Kraepelin, 1900, which was included in the Red Book of the country. However, according to the latest data, it became known about the description of 3 more species of this genus for Kazakhstan. At the same time, the available information on the newly described species refers only to a few finds in Kazakhstan, while information on the range of the genus Anomalobuthus remains scarce and fragmentary. This article is a report on the discovery of a previously unknown settlement of a scorpion of the genus Anomalobuthus (presumably A.lowei Teruel 2018) on the right bank of the Ile River in Southeastern Kazakhstan, provides information about the area where the scorpion was found, and its density.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82449721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil mesofauna of black alder forests of Kazakh upland in conditions of recreational and pasture digression","authors":"V. Abukenova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/7-17","url":null,"abstract":"The soil mesofauna of the black alder forests of Kazakh upland is studied as an indicator of the functional features of Alnus glutinosa plantings on the southeastern border of the area. Forests do not form massifs of a large area and are associated with the type of relief, valleys of streams and rivers, and the groundwater. Relict species of flora and fauna testify to the ancient origin and importance of black alder forests as refugia. The forest communities are changing under the influence of recreational load and grazing. It requires an early assessment of the state of terrestrial biocenoses. It has been established that black alder forests are characterized by high total biomass of mesofauna (from 13,6 g/m2 to 42,1 g/m2), where more than 85 % of the zoomass falls on the saprophilic complex. The density of the soil population is significant (from 272,6 copies/m2 to 503,55 copies/m2), i.e., in general, forests retain the features of zonal broad-leaved formations. Anthropogenic changes in the structure of pedobionts in black alder forests associations at different stages of recreational and pasture digression are revealed. There is a consistent decrease in the density index of the soil population (P = 145,6; 80,19; 69,7) and the proportion of forest species. A change of life forms in the model (Carabidae) and dominant (Lumbricidae) groups, an increase in the number of zoophages, a decrease in the total number and depletion of the species composition of saprophages are noted. The soil mesofauna reflects in its structure the biocenosis originality of relict black alder forests of the steppe zone and the continuity of biocenoses.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91039288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of initial material for the obtaining of high-amylose rice","authors":"Bakdaulet Naubaevich Usenbekov, A. K. Amirova, Kh. A. Berkimbay, Yeldos Almabekovich Zhanbyrbaev, D. Kazkeev, Ulzhan Boranbayevna Zhaisankulova, I. A. Sartbayeva","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/118-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/118-126","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is one of the main crops of strategic importance. Rice consumption in Kazakhstan is increasing compared to other cereals and reaches more than 65 %. Today, due to the increase in imports of rice cereals, it seems relevant to develop rice production, increase its competitiveness, and create domestic rice varieties with improved nutritional and culinary qualities. A key factor in determining the quality of rice is the percentage of amylose in the starch of the rice grain. In this regard, this work is devoted to the search for donors of the trait “high amylose content” among varieties and lines of domestic and foreign breeding in the rice collection of the RSE on the REM “Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology” (RSE on the REM “IPBB”). Screening of 172 foreign and domestic varieties and lines of rice for amylose content made it possible to identify 9 high-amylose variety samples. Among them one domestic ancient variety of Kazakh selection K3077 Kazakhi was found, which can serve as a donor of the trait “high amylose content”. Because of the climatic conditions of Kazakhstan and the long growing season, only six foreign varieties and lines were selected: Mavr (26.8 %), Taibonet (25.4 %), Parity (27, 0 %), K3612 Kara-Kyltyk (25.0 %), K3077 Kazakhs (25.1 %), and Solnechny (25.4 %). The selected varieties and lines of rice with a high content of amylose will be used as donors of the “high amylose content” trait for rice breeding.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87472391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining a pure strain of bacterial cancer pathogen and studying its infectious activity in tree species under in vitro conditions","authors":"A. Baubekova, Sardarbek Abiyevich Abiуev, R. Аsilкhanova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/46-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/46-54","url":null,"abstract":"Dense and diverse primary forests, which nourish the soil, emit a large amount of oxygen, are the dream of every state. Therefore, the first President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev ordered to make a large green zone around Nur-Sultan, which is being improved and refined every year. This project is designed to turn the capital of Kazakhstan, the city of Nur-Sultan, into a green belt, completely sowing forests around the city, the area of which is 100 thousand hectares. Properly grafted woody plants in the green belt, in addition to enriching the air with oxygen, decorating landscapes, should contribute to the ventilation of zones, the removal of polluted air from residential and industrial zones, the formation of vertical air flows and the dispersion of polluted air in higher layers of the atmosphere, as well as air purification from various aerosols, dust, soot, and heat. Nevertheless, all these natural resources are under great threat due to the prevalence of a little-studied disease-bacterial cancer of tree species. Currently, such a disease is observed in ashkortostan, the Baltic States, Tatarstan, the Republic of Adygea, the European part of Russia, as well as in Bryansk and adjacent regions. In these countries, the coverage of tree species with this disease is increasing, which creates a real threat of the tree trunks drying. Bacterial cancer of tree species is also found in Kazakhstan. In this regard, the study of this disease is relevant, since due to the characteristics of the lesion of trees, the diagnosis of the disease, forest-taxational and landscape conditions, its spread has not been fully studied. The purpose of our work is to take core samples from birch (Betula rendula Roth.), which grows in the forests of the Green Belt surrounded by the city of Nur-Sultan, with signs of bacterial cancer (dropsy); obtain core samples from the trunk, to cultivate isolated bacterial cultures on nutrient media; to obtain pure strains of the causative agent of the disease, molecular identification of the nucleotide chain of ribosomal RNA 16S. In addition, the determination of the molecular characteristics of the obtained bacterial strains in accordance with the typical type of Dickeya dadantii on the international basis of Gene Bank. In the course of the study, the infectious activity of this strain of bacteria on other woody analogues was studied in vitro. Inoculation of birch leaves and catkins that have not undergone bacterial cancer with Dickeya dadantii strains isolated by us in vitro showed complete virulence of the pathogen to the experimental birch population, i.e. infectious activity.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"318 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77462363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and economic assessment of the ecological situation transformation in the Republic of Kazakhstan regions in 1990–2020","authors":"V. R. Bityukova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/154-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/154-167","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to problems of stating the complex index of anthropogenic impact (IAI) formation estimating the ecological stress level in regions of Kazakhstan. A system of indicators of anthropogenic stress for ecological monitoring is justified as different methods of normalization and aggregation of indices. Results of various estimations are provided. Factors of transformation of territorial structure of pollution are revealed. IAI shows that in the post-Soviet period, inherited ecological problems and new sources of impact determined the anthropogenic impact spatial shift at the regional level from the North and East to the South and West. Industry is losing its status as the main source of anthropogenic impact (AI), so densely populated areas and the increase in associated impact indicators have caught up with industry. The population outflow in Northern Kazakhstan has a positive effect on the AI level and increases AI in Southern Kazakhstan. The entire variety of scenarios for the dynamics of the impact of material production on the environment can be reduced to four types: ecological degradation, when an economic downturn is accompanied by increased environmental pollution; depressive development, when an economic downturn is accompanied by decreased pollution; extensive ecological development, where economic growth is accompanied by increased pollution; balanced development, when economic growth is accompanied by decreased pollution. During crisis years, there was a decrease in industrial pollution, the volume of atmospheric emissions and polluted wastewater, and, to a lesser extent, water consumption; conversely, vehicle emissions, the volume of toxic waste, the area of disturbed lands, and forest fires do not depend on the change in GRP. Despite the fact that for the country as a whole, the dependence of the level of pollution on the level and dynamics of economic development is weakening, with each new crisis, there is an increasing number of regions where the environmental state continues to deteriorate despite the economic downturn.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Endocan, PAI-1 and intima media thickness in patients with high diabetes risk","authors":"Viktoriya Parakhina, Y. Laryushina, O. Ponamareva","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/134-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/134-144","url":null,"abstract":"There is no information in the literature on the ratio of the concentrations of Endocan, PAI-1, and intima media thickness (IMT) in patients with high diabetes risk. This study aims to investigate the relationships between endothelial dysfunction biomarkers: Endocan, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1(PAI-1), insulin resistance (IR) indicators, and IMT of the common carotid artery (CCA) in patients with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was held, including 184 individuals, aged from 18 to 65 years. According to FINDRISC scale, patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 138) — low risk of T2DM (<12 points) and Group 2 (n = 46) high risk of T2DM (>12 points). IMT more than 0.9 mm on ultrasound considered as an atherosclerosis. Significant differences were found when studying the level of Endocan, PAI-1 biomarkers with their predominance in the group of patients with a high risk of T2DM; concentrations of Endocan comprised (mean±SD) 1698.2±576.2 pg/ml; p=0.01; PAI-1–32307.15±19947.12 pg/ml; p=0.05 to compare with low risk of T2DM. In addition to, mean values of IMT prevailed in patients in the group with a high diabetes risk and comprised right IMT CCA-0.90±0.15 mm; p = 0.05, left IMT CCA0.91±0.14 mm; p=0.02. Interrelations between Endocan, PAI-1, and IMT CCA have been determined by correlation analysis. These findings indicate that in patients with high diabetes risk the elevations of the Endocan, PAI-1 is associated with a subclinical atherosclerosis. Furthermore, both biomarkers Endocan and PAI-1 has been demonstrating significant correlation with insulin, IR-HOMA index, С-peptide, HbA1c, and fasting glucose in patients with high risk of T2DM. We found significant relationships between the ED biomarkers with IMT and IR in patients with high risk of T2DM. We suggest that rising of IR leads to Endocan and PAI-1 elevation, subclinical atherosclerosis and thereby increase ED and cardiovascular risk in these patients.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88604059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of flax seeds on the reproduction rate of lactic acid bacilli when used in the experiment","authors":"Zhanerke Amirkhanova, R. Bodeeva, S. Akhmetova, S. Kozhakhmetov, A. Kushugulova, L. Akhvlediani","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/26-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/26-33","url":null,"abstract":"When taking probiotics, probiotic bacteria do not always successfully take root in the human body, and prebiotics are used to stimulate their growth and metabolic activity. A wide range of biologically active substances of natural origin used as prebiotics is of special interest and positively impacts the probiotic bacteria. In this regard, priority is currently given to this problem in the leading scientific centers around the world. The research in the field of microbiology is acquiring special relevance: obtainint dairy products for healthy nutrition and preparations of biologically active living cultures of probiotic bacteria of a new generation with prebiotics. This article presents the study on the influence of flax seeds on the reproduction rate of lactic acid bacilli when used in the experiment. The modern microbiological methods were engaged in conducting the given experiment. MALDI-TOF MS was used to identify lactic acid bacilli. It has been found that the whole flaxseeds added into a fermentation medium for probiotic cultures stimulate cell proliferation of lactic acid bacilli Lh13, Lpl-5. This indicates some application potential for using a probiotic with some prebiotic added in the form of whole flax seeds.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77189103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}