International journal of translational medical research and public health最新文献

{"title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Patients","authors":"Nicholas Sleeman, Carol Hoban, S. Koutoubi","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.461","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a disease primarily contracted by men who have sex with men or the sharing of needles, syringes, and other drug injection equipment. However, there is some disparity over the thought that PrEP patients have a disproportionate incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with non-PrEP patients. This study aims to clarify the disparity and identify if PrEP patients have a higher incidence of STIs.\u0000Methods: A survey of 143 respondents was conducted on STI incidence, risk factors, and abstinence from May 13, 2022, to June 20, 2022. The results were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V28.0.0.0). SPSS was used to analyze the descriptive statistics associated with STI data obtained from the Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command, Camp Lejeune, Community Health Clinic Patient and Laboratory Tracker.\u0000Results: This study found a higher incidence of STIs among PrEP patients than non-PrEP patients and a statistical significance (p = 0.010) between the number of partners a person had sex with over the past year and the lifetime incidence of STIs. Portions of the data in the linear regression were used to calculate the significance and can be used as a predictor of STIs based on the number of partners a person has. This can help patients within this community understand their actual risk of contracting an STI based on a potential risk factor.\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: This study found a higher incidence of STIs among PrEP patients than non-PrEP patients. Additionally, the study can help public health professionals understand the risks associated with military patients who take PrEP and target specific risk factors that influence the disparity in the incidence of STIs. Future studies may use survey data from this study to understand the implications of other risk factors and their association with STIs. Public health professionals can also use these data to develop a predictive index for many risk factors. A predictive index on STI risk is an extremely valuable tool as it allows users to view their risk of obtaining an STI.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2023 Sleeman and Hoban. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45054196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Barriers and Benefits in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake Among Outpatient Surgery Nurses in the United States: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Dania Matta, P. Herring, W. Beeson, S. Wiafe","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.439","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: This qualitative study explores outpatient nurses’ perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the COVID-19 vaccine, aiming to inform future research and health education strategies for reducing vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers, particularly nurses. The nurses recruited for this study were all registered nurses (RNs). Studies have shown that registered professional nurses consistently display higher vaccination hesitancy versus other healthcare groups, specifically doctors. Little is known about the vaccine acceptance disparities that exist among healthcare workers, or why nurses appear to consistently display higher rates of vaccine hesitancy, versus other healthcare groups, especially doctors.\u0000Methods: Semi-structured interviews guided by the health belief model were conducted with 8 outpatient nurses, and a focus group guided by the health belief model was conducted with 5 outpatient nurses, for a total of 13 nurses (N=13). The data were triangulated through interviews, a focus group, and a literature review. In addition, an independent external secondary analyst confirmed the findings.\u0000Results: Three key themes appeared: (1) sources of information (trusted sources of information), (2) experience (belief about personal risk and personal responsibility), and (3) logistics (COVID-19 testing requirements, booster frequency, and mandate versus choice).\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: We advise public health professionals to adopt a grassroots approach to vaccine hesitancy interventions, engaging and training doctors and nurses. We also recommend consistency in prevention approaches, as that produces trust. We also recommend further research into the booster requirement, as requiring an unknown number of boosters appears to lower trust among nurses.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2023 Matta et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46318111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Treatment and Evaluation of Associated Clinical Parameters: A Single-Institutional Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Gonzalo Monge, Matías Otto-Yáñez, Nicole Norambuena, V. Martinez, Daniela Retamales, R. Torres-Castro","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.430","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Adverse events (AEs) associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) are uncommon and typically not serious, being the most frequent otic/sinus barotrauma. The objective of this study is to analyze the safety of the HBOT at 1.45 atmosphere absolute (ATA) and compare it with reportsat the same and higher pressures of treatment.\u0000AE per session was 7.1% for total AE and 4.1% for overall barotrauma. AE was reported in 28.3% of patients (n=49), with barotrauma and non-barotrauma AE in 20.3% (n=35) and 8.1% (n=14). All barotrauma was recorded as subjective (100% of ear ache without eardrum damage, Teed scale=0). The frequency of total AE obtained in our study was statistically higher for 1.5, 2, and >2 ATA. Non-barotrauma AE was also higher; the frequency of total AE obtained in our study was statistically significant for 1.5, 2, and >2 ATA but objective barotrauma was not present, and it was significantly lower than previously reported (p < 0.001). A very slow rate of pressurizations (below 1 psi/min) was associated with ear pain (OR=3.32; 95 CI%, 1.32-8.35; p < 0.001). The AEs reported in this safety surveillance prospective study are minor, and no objective barotrauma was reported. HBOT at 1.45 ATA is a safe treatment, that can be performed with a portable light and a less expensive hyperbaric chamber.\u0000Methods: A total of 175 patients (68 male, 107 female) were included in this prospective study. All patients were treated with HBOT at our facility from December 2019 to August 2021. For the comparative analysis, reports from studies published from 2012 to 2021 in MEDLINE EMBASE, BIREME, Lilacs, Scielo, and the Cochrane library were used. Binary variables are described in percentages with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Inferential analysis was performed using a bivariate analysis by calculating odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analyses and sample size calculations were performed with Stata version 13.0 (College Station, TX, USA).\u0000Results: In this study, the AE per session was 7.1% for total AE and 4.1% for overall barotrauma. AE was reported in 28.3% of patients (n=49), with barotrauma and non-barotrauma AE in 20.3% (n=35) and 8.1% (n=14), respectively. All barotrauma was recorded as subjective (100% of ear ache without eardrum damage, Teed scale=0). The frequency of total AE obtained in our study was statistically higher for 1.5, 2, and >2 ATA. Non-barotrauma AE was also higher, but objective barotrauma was not present and was significantly lower than previously reported (p <0.001). A very slow rate of pressurizations (below 1psi/minute) was associated with ear pain (OR = 3.32; 95% CI, 1.32-8.35; p <0.001).\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: In this study, the AE reported in this prospective safety surveillance study are minor, and no objective barotrauma was reported. The HBOT at 1.45 ATA is a safe treatment that can be performed with a portable lighter and a less expensive hyperbar","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43496242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Health Care of Rural People in Northern Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Md. Matiur Rahman, MBBS, MPH, PhD, M. Rahman, Md. Kaoser Bin Siddique, Md. Rahidul Islam, Mohammad Mahbub ur Rahim","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.410","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has an unpredicted effect on global society. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on rural people’s access to health care in Northern Bangladesh.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional community-based design was used. Data were collected from four different districts in the Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions using the multistage sampling technique. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS version 25 was used for the statistical analysis.\u0000Results: Among 639 respondents, 59.5% were female, and 40.5% were male. The mean age was 34.3 years (SD ±10). The family income ceiling was reduced to -15.6% for incomes between $10,000 and $20,000, and -12.7% for incomes between $20,000 and $30,000. Because 38.2% of respondents’ income was reduced during COVID-19, they now fall into the income category of ≤10,000 Bangladeshi Taka. Due to a lack of transportation, 41.7% of respondents never sought medical attention. During the COVID-19 period, respondents reported physical illness (24.4%), severe stress problems/mental illness (39.2%), and either injuries or urgent health problems (3.8%).The percentage of respondents who did not seek medical attention because they were afraid of becoming infected with COVID-19 was 30.3%. The majority of respondents, 67.3% (n=188), stated that they were unable to locate any maternal and child health care institutions.\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant disruption in the delivery of essential health services.To address future COVID-19 outbreaks and similar pandemics, the government and private sector must work together, as well as global collaboration.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2023 Rahman, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42939600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Medication Non-adherence among Hypertensive Patients on Follow-up in Central Kenya","authors":"E. Mutua, B. Agina, I. Mwanzo","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.441","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Poor adherence to antihypertensive medications is a major barrier to blood pressure control among patients living with hypertension. In Kenya, a significant number of hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure, but data on medication adherence among this patient population is scarce. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of medication non-adherence among hypertensive patients on follow-up in two referral hospitals in central Kenya.\u0000Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional study comprising of 339 hypertensive patients undergoing follow-up care in two referral hospitals located in Nyeri County between October and December 2019. Medication adherence was assessed using a validated medication adherence questionnaire. Medication adherence was a dichotomous variable (adherent vs non-adherent), with the prevalence of non-adherence being measured as a proportion. Independent predictors of medication non-adherence were identified by fitting a multiple logistic regression model, where adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were computed for various covariates and interpreted at a 5% level of significance and 95% confidence interval (CI).\u0000Results: The study sample largely comprised of the female gender (65.2%) and elderly people (mean age, 65 years +/- 12). Nearly half (46.6%) of the hypertensive patients interviewed were non-adherent to their medications. The factors associated with non-adherence were: having poor hypertension knowledge (AOR, 5.6, 95% CI, 3.3, 9.4); being on more than one antihypertensive medication (AOR, 2.8, 95% CI, 1.7, 4.7) and being on two or more daily doses of medications (AOR, 2.3, 95% CI, 1.3, 4.1).\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Non-adherence to prescribed medications is highly prevalent among hypertensive patients in central Kenya, and it should therefore be identified as a public health concern. Strategies aimed at optimizing medication adherence among hypertensive patients in this region may consider focusing on educational interventions to increase hypertension knowledge and also on simplification of treatment regimens.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2023 Mutua, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48038300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mental Health of Syrian Refugees in the United States: Examining Critical Risk Factors and Major Barriers to Mental Health Care Access","authors":"Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah, Niha Mitha, Aireona McNair","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.431","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the 2011 civil war, many Syrians have become displaced internally within the country, have fled to neighboring countries in the region, or have resettled as refugees in the United States (US) through the United States Resettlement Program (USRP). Few studies have been conducted on the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in the US. We conducted an ecological study on the relationship between the mental health status of Syrian refugees in the US, risk factors that negatively affect their mental health post-settlement, and the barriers that prevent them from seeking mental health care. We found that racialization, targeting, under-employment, and concerns about relatives still in Syria negatively affect the mental health of Syrian refugees post-settlement. Challenges with the English language, stigma, lack of access to adequate insurance and transportation, and poor health system acculturation were barriers to Syrian refugee mental health care-seeking behavior in the US. While the US is accepting and resettling Syrian refugees in various parts of the country, it is also important that it focuses on and invests in the mental health needs of the refugees, so as to improve their physical and mental well-being.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2023 Arsmtrong-Mensah et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41851226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Trust: Strategies for Recruiting Underrepresented Populations in Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Leah K Claus,&nbsp;Sara S Jarvis","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected racial and ethnic populations within the United States, creating a distinct set of circumstances that exacerbated barriers to research participation for underrepresented communities. This article aims to provide a rationale that validates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these groups and suggests strategies for participant recruitment while sharing lessons learned from our own laboratory. By understanding the barriers that limit the recruitment of intended populations, researchers can implement culturally sensitive strategies and work towards a more inclusive body of literature with improved participation from underrepresented racial and ethnic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease in Gabon Using Sickle SCAN®: A Point-of-Care Blood Test","authors":"Lucrece Marcelline Delicat Loembet, A. Mabiala, U. Bisvigou, Eveline Avoune, Solange Bongo, André N’Tchoreret, Arnaud Kouoyo, A. Ondo, A. Dokekias, J. Koko, S. Ategbo","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.315","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the world’s most common genetic blood disorder. Most infant deaths from SCD occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and the mortality rate is exceptionally high in Gabon in Central Africa. In Gabon, there are limited resources for early and accurate detection of sickle cell or trait conditions. Most affected individuals reside in low-resource areas where access to diagnostic testing is often very limited. The most commonly used diagnostic methods require trained staff, adequate infrastructure, electric power, and enough time to perform the analysis. These requirements do not currently allow mass screening to be performed in remote areas of Gabon. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop a standardized screening procedure for SCD in order to determine its prevalence in the southeast area of Gabon by using a rapid and reliable test that does not require significant resources, such as the Sickle SCAN® device.\u0000Methods: The accuracy of the Sickle SCAN® device was assessed based on testing 272 blood samples. The exact hemoglobin was identified in 100% of the samples. The test comprises three proprietary indicators that detect the presence of hemoglobin A, S, and C, thus allowing the user to rapidly distinguish between normal (HbAA, N=142), carrier (HbAS, N=41), and sickle cell disease (HbSS, N=88; HbSC, N=1) samples. Hemoglobin variants (S and C) were confirmed by capillary electrophoresis (MinicapR; Sebia). The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each phenotype.\u0000Results: The Sickle SCAN® test analysis revealed the following normal and abnormal phenotypes, including sickle cell trait (HbAS=14,71%) and SCD [HbSS (32.35%) and HbSC (0,74)]. There are no false positives in Sickle SCAN® result for the presence of hemoglobin variant, compared to gold standard approaches to capillary electrophoresis. The estimated sensitivity of the Sickle Scan® test was 92.2%, 100%, and 100% for HbSS, HbAS, and HbSC, respectively. The specificity exceeded 88.23% for all phenotypes (HbSS, HbAS, and HbSC).\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The Sickle Scan® device was found to be reliable with a sensitivity of 92.2%, 100%, and 100% for HbSS, HbAS, and HbSC, respectively. The specificity exceeded 88% for all phenotypes.\u0000 \u0000RESUME\u0000Contexte: La drépanocytose est la maladie génétique du sang la plus répandue dans le monde. La plupart des décès de nourrissons dus à la drépanocytose surviennent en Afrique subsaharienne, et le taux de mortalité est particulièrement élevé au Gabon, en Afrique Centrale. Au Gabon, les ressources pour la détection précoce et précise de l’anémie falciforme ou du trait de l’anémie sont limitées. La plupart des personnes touchées résident dans des zones à faibles ressources où l’accès aux tests de diagnostic est souvent très limité. Les méthodes de diagnostic les plus couramment utilisées nécessitent un personnel formé, une infrastructure adéquate, de l’électricité et suffisamment de temps pour effectu","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels, Trends, and Causes of Adolescent and Young Adult Maternal Mortality in Nigeria During 1990–2017: Analysis of the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study Database","authors":"T. Dahiru, A. Nmadu, A. Oyefabi, C. Woje, B. Nwankwo, Z. Muhammad-Idris","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.414","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the global progress made in reducing maternal mortality in the past two decades, the health of adolescents and young adult women (10-24 years) has been neglected based on the wrong assumption that they are healthy, especially in a developing country like Nigeria; this is despite the fact that adolescents and young adults (AYA) constitute over 16% of Nigeria’s population. Thus, this study aimed to determine the levels, trends, and causes of maternal mortality among AYA women aged 10-24 years in Nigeria.\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that utilized secondary data sets running from 1990 to 2017 from the Global Burden of Disease Study’s (GBD) online interactive tool downloaded from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) platform. From the database, we extracted the numbers of maternal deaths (10-49 years), adolescent and young adults’ maternal deaths (10-24 years), the proportion of maternal deaths (10-24 years), and both maternal mortality ratio and rate for 15-49 years old and 10-24 years old in the form of Comma separated values (CSV) and converted into XLS file in Microsoft (MS) Excel format for the analysis. Frequencies, proportions, and charts were generated using MS Excel.\u0000Result: A total of 122,107 maternal deaths occurred among adolescents and young adults (AYA), which is 26% of all deaths occurring among 10-49 years old. Year-to-year changes in the absolute numbers of maternal deaths among AYA showed that it ranged from 3,866 (1990) to 4,451 (2017), showing a slight upward increase over the period; however, both AYA maternal mortality ratio and rate show consistent declines over the period. AYA maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for adolescents aged 15-19 years was 17% higher than for young adults aged 20-24 years. Sepsis was the leading cause of adolescent maternal death (MMR of 168), followed by maternal hypertensive disorder, obstructed labor, maternal hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, and abortion. A total of 460,155 maternal deaths occurred in women aged 10-49 years during the study period. Maternal deaths in the age group 10-24 years ranged from 3,866 (29.8%) in 1990 to 4,451 (25.1%) in 2017. The maternal mortality ratio in women aged 10-49 years declined by about 30% for the 1990 – 2017 period.\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The study showed that adolescents and young adults are at increased risk of maternal deaths in Nigeria. Therefore, multi-faceted maternal health programs in the country need to target this age group to prevent maternal deaths.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2022 Dahiru et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46196538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Analysis of 3 Million Americans from the National Health Interview Survey and Household Pulse Survey","authors":"Hyunju Lee, Gopal K. Singh","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.417","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, racial/ethnic minorities in the United States (US) experienced a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization, job losses, food insecurity, and reduced healthcare access, resulting in increased mental health problems. Given heterogeneous findings on the impact of COVID-19 among racial/ethnic minorities, it is worthwhile to examine the differential effects of the pandemic on mental health by race/ethnicity.\u0000Methods: This study examines changes in mental health status among US adults aged ≥18 years before and during the pandemic. We pooled data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey with the 2020-2021 Household Pulse Survey (N=2,980,511). Logistic regression was used for binary outcomes and linear regression was used for the composite Psychological Distress Index (PDI) measure derived from principal components analysis to estimate changes in mental health after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.\u0000Results: Mental health status worsened during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. The adjusted predicted probabilities of having little interest increased from 3.29% in 2019 to 10.97% in 2020 and 11.28% in 2021. The adjusted predicted probabilities of being depressed increased from 2.69% in 2019 to 11.00% in 2020 and 11.21% in 2021. The adjusted predicted probabilities of feeling anxious increased from 3.95% in 2019 to 18.35% in 2020 and 16.96% in 2021. The adjusted predicted probabilities of worrying increased from 4.18% in 2019 to 13.15% in 2020 and 12.61% in 2021. The adjusted mean PDI score increased from 87.52 in 2019 to 103.18 in 2020 and 101.13 in 2021. In stratified models, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians had higher odds of depression, anxiety, and worries, compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Asians experienced 10 times higher odds of depression and 15 times higher odds of anxiety in 2020 than their counterparts before the pandemic.\u0000Conclusions and Implications for Translation: US adults experienced a marked increase in mental health problems, including depression and anxiety, in 2020 and 2021, compared with their counterparts in 2019. Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health worsened during the pandemic.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2022 Lee and Singh. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41956243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}