Cardiovascular Diabetology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Age-dependent effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on stroke risk in geriatric patients with diabetes and atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Su-Kiat Chua, Jien-Jiun Chen, Pang-Shuo Huang, Fu-Chun Chiu, Yi-Chih Wang, Juey-Jen Hwang, Chih-Hsien Wang, Sheng-Nan Chang, Chia-Ti Tsai","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02663-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02663-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR30-driven fatty acid oxidation targeted by ginsenoside Rd maintains mitochondrial redox homeostasis to restore vascular barrier in diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Kai Tang, Congcong Huang, Zhengjie Huang, Zhen Wang, Ninghua Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02638-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02638-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown, a pivotal contributor to multiple retinal vascular diseases, manifests as a progressive increase in vascular permeability induced by various pathological stimuli. The functional plasticity of retinal endothelial cells can be intricately shaped by metabolic alteration. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which endothelial metabolic disorders trigger the dissolution of inter-vascular junctions and the selective approaches to targeting metabolic homeostasis. Herein, we identify AMPK-associated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibition as a critical driver of vascular barrier dysfunction via exacerbating redox imbalance. Pharmacological facilitation of FAO by ginsenoside Rd (Rd) suppresses BRB collapse and other secondary retinal damage in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mechanistically, Rd targets GPR30 to phosphorylate AMPK via the PKA-LKB1-AMPK kinase cascade. The AMPK activation induced by Rd revitalizes hyperglycemia-compromised FAO, and then sustains mitochondrial NADPH regeneration by emphasis on IDH2 at various levels, including substrate supply, transcription, and post-translational modifications. Therefore, Rd alleviates the disruption of BRB integrity driven by mitochondrial oxidative stress, with the vasculoprotection of Rd diminished by GPR30 knockdown and pharmacological attenuation of AMPK. These findings collectively reveal the previously-unanticipated role of endothelial FAO in heightened retinal vascular leakage, and highlight the potential translational application of GPR30 agonism with Rd to mitigate barrier dysfunction, providing a metabolic regulatory therapeutic strategy for DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic signatures of type 2 diabetes predict the incidence of coronary heart disease.","authors":"Yujian Li, Dun Li, Jing Lin, Lihui Zhou, Weiling Yang, Xin Yin, Chenjie Xu, Zhi Cao, Yaogang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02670-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02670-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging evidence reveals a complex association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD), which share common risk factors and biological pathways. This study aims to identify the shared proteomic signatures of T2D and CHD, as well as whether the shared proteins predict incident CHD in T2D patients, and to develop predictive models. Utilizing data from 53,014 UK Biobank participants and 2923 plasma proteins, we identified 488 proteins associated with T2D, of which 125 proteins were also associated with CHD. Among the shared proteins, we determine nine proteins showing causal associations with CHD, including PCSK9, NRP1, and CD27. Mediation analyses suggest that the nine proteins mediate the association between T2D and CHD. By integrating these proteins into our predictive model, we achieved a desirable prediction (AUC = 0.819) for future CHD onset in T2D patients. Additionally, druggability evaluation show 32 potential therapeutic agents, including established antihypertensives and nine novel compounds, suggesting avenues for dual-targeted treatment strategies. Collectively, our findings unveil the proteomic signatures associated with both T2D and CHD, providing implications for screening and predicting future CHD onset in T2D patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and cardiometabolic protection: historical development and future challenges.","authors":"Francisco Westermeier, Enrique Z Fisman","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02647-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02647-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the triglyceride glucose-Chinese visceral adiposity index and new-onset stroke risk: a national cohort study.","authors":"Mengdie Wang, Bing Gao, Fei Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02668-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02668-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous studies have investigated the effect of an integrated index that combines the triglyceride‒glucose (TyG) index with various obesity indicators on stroke incidence. However, how to use the TyG index and the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) for stroke prevention remains unclear. This study examined the associations between dynamic changes in the TyG-CVAI index and cumulative, baseline, and new-onset stroke risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 3,769 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) were analyzed, concentrating on the baseline TyG-CVAI, TyG-CVAI in 2015, and the cumulative TyG-CVAI derived from these. The fluctuations of the TyG-CVAI index were grouped into three clusters using K-means clustering analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between the TyG-CVAI index and new-onset stroke risk. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to investigate potential nonlinear relationships while assessing the predictive capability by receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period, 181 participants experienced stroke events. The stroke incidence rates in Clusters 1, 2, and 3 were 2.42%, 8.72%, and 4.37%, respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, Cluster 2 with high and increasing TyG-CVAI index (OR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.94-5.22), the Q3 group with high cumulative TyG-CVAI index (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.60-4.02), and the Q3 group with high baseline TyG-CVAI index (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.57-3.95),which were all correlated with an elevated risk of new-onset stroke. The RCS analysis disclosed a U-shaped relationship between cumulative and baseline TyG-CVAI index and stroke risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fluctuations in and baseline, and cumulative TyG-CVAI index are independently correlated with an increased risk of stroke. The TyG-CVAI index is anticipated to be a more efficient and significant indicator for evaluating early stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic risk factors and disease trends for atrial fibrillation in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide registry study.","authors":"Lara El Khalili, Linn El Khalili, Araz Rawshani, Jan Borén, Deepak L Bhatt, Hertzel C Gerstein, Darren K McGuire, Edvin Helleryd, Elmir Omerovic, Björn Eliasson, Truuls Råmunddal, Naveed Sattar, Aidin Rawshani","doi":"10.1186/s12933-024-02561-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-024-02561-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate standardized incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DMM) compared with matched controls from the general population. Additionally, to examine optimal levels- and relative importance of risk factors associated with AF and numbers of risk factors necessary to reduce excess risk in individuals with T1DM.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>The study included individuals with T1DM between 2001 and 2019 and matched controls without T1DM. The outcome of interest was the first occurrence of AF. Standardized incidence rates and Cox regression were used for analyzing incidence and risk associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study comprises analyses of data from 36,069 persons with T1DM and 165,705 matched controls; average age 34.1; 43.2% women. Incidence rates per 100,000 person years for AF in persons with T1DM declined between 2001 and 2019 from 671 to 494; also in controls from 568 to 317. However, results shows that those without cardiovascular disease at baseline, did not display a similar rate reduction over time. During this period, people with T1DM had a 1.34-fold (95% CI 1.24-1.46) higher adjusted hazard for incident AF than controls when adjusting for sociodemographic factors. This hazard was attenuated to 0.95 (95% CI 0.87-1.03) after also accounting for coronary, cerebrovascular, kidney disease and heart failure; among those with T1DM. In those, with several risk factors at baseline, we observed a hazard ratio from 1.61 (95%, 1.07-2.43), and there was also an indication of clear risk reduction in those with zero risk factors, albeit non-significant (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35-1.04). In the T1DM cohort, the first available value of hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate were each independently associated with incident AF and we noticed a clear linear risk increase for several cardiometabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The crude incidence of AF was higher for persons with versus without T1DM, and declined significantly in both groups. Adjusting for data-derived predictors of AF attenuated higher risks, suggesting that the higher AF risk for persons with T1DM is driven by its common comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive association of blood group A allele with 15 cardiometabolic diseases: a UK Biobank life-course study.","authors":"Ran Zhao, Wenyan Xian, Yihao Ma, Valerio Napolioni, Patrick W C Lau, Xiao-Li Tian, Yann Le Guen, Andre Franke, Jie Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02669-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02669-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although existing studies have reported associations between blood group A and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), most have focused on dominant inheritance models. However, genome-wide association studies have mostly been based on additive genotypes. This study aims to investigate the association between the blood group A allele and 15 CMD using recessive, dominant, and additive models and identify potential mediators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study leveraged data from over 320,000 participants with O and A blood groups in the UK Biobank to investigate the association between blood group A allele and 15 major CMD under recessive, dominant, and gene dosage (additive) models. Protein data from nearly 30,000 participants were used to analyze the association between ABO protein levels and CMD. Mediation analysis further explored whether blood cell count traits and blood biochemistry mediate the association between the number of A allele and CMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The additive model demonstrates a dose-response association of the blood group A allele with venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and heart failure (HF), among others. Each additional A allele increased disease risk, particularly for VTE (HR = 1.273, P[FDR] = 4.43 × 10^-96). ABO protein levels also correlated with five CMD outcomes, particularly VTE and coronary artery disease (CAD). Mediation analyses revealed that blood cell traits (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit) and biochemistries (e.g., aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio, apolipoprotein B) significantly mediated the associations for specific CMD, suggesting shared biological mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal that blood group A allele is associated with an increased risk of multiple CMD, particularly under the additive model. Some blood cell count traits and blood biochemistries play significant mediating roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of insulin resistance trajectories on cardiovascular disease risk using longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation.","authors":"Yaning Feng, Liangying Yin, Haoran Huang, Yongheng Hu, Sitong Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02651-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02651-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely associated with Insulin Resistance (IR). However, there is limited research on the relationship between trajectories of IR and CVD incidence, considering both time-invariant and time-varying confounders. We employed advanced causal inference methods to evaluate the longitudinal impact of IR trajectories on CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data for this study were extracted from a Chinese nationwide cohort, named China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and TyG body mass index (BMI) were used as surrogate markers for IR, and their changes were recorded as exposures. Longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation (LTMLE) was used to study how dynamic shifts in IR trajectories (i.e., increase, decrease, etc.) influence long-term CVD risk, adjusting for both time-invariant and time-varying confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,966 participants were included in the analysis, with 2,152 (54.3%) being female. The average age at baseline was 58.28 years. Over the course of a 7-year follow-up period, 499 (12.6%) participants developed CVD. Four distinct trajectories of TyG index and TyG-BMI were identified: low stable, increasing, decreasing, and high stable. LTMLE analyses revealed individuals in the 'high stable' and 'increasing' groups had a significantly higher risk of developing CVD compared to those in the 'low stable' group, while the 'decreasing' group showed no significant differences. Specifically, when the exposure was set as TyG-BMI, the odds of CVD in the 'high stable' group were 1.694 (95% CI: 1.361-2.108) times higher than in the 'low stable' group. Similar trends were observed across other models, with ORs of 1.708 (95% CI: 1.367-2.134) in Model 2, 1.389 (1.083-1.782) in Model 3, 1.675 (1.185-2.366) in Model 4, and 1.375 (95% CI:1.07 - 1.768) in Model 5. When the exposure was changed to the TyG index, the results remained consistent, with a slightly lower magnitude of the odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High stable and increasing TyG-BMI and TyG index trajectories were associated with the risk of CVD. TyG-BMI consistently exhibited higher odds ratios (ORs) of CVD risk when comparing with TyG index. Early identification of IR trajectories could provide insights for preventing CVD later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index versus triglyceride-glucose index in predicting cardiovascular disease risk: a cohort study.","authors":"Degang Mo, Peng Zhang, Miao Zhang, Hongyan Dai, Jun Guan","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02675-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02675-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high incidence rates and substantial morbidity and mortality. A newer index, the Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Glucose (CHG) index, has been proposed as a potential diagnostic tool for metabolic disorders but has not been investigated for its ability to predict CVD risk. This study aims to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the CHG index in comparison to the well-established Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cohort study, 6249 adults aged 45 and older were recruited from the CHARLS database, with data collected from 2011 to 2020. CVD events were tracked over a nine-year follow-up. The TyG and CHG indices were calculated, and their relationships with CVD risk were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was performed to further explore these associations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to compare the predictive performance of both indices, and subgroup analysis evaluated their applicability in different populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 6249 participants, 1667 (26.68%) developed CVD during the nine-year follow-up. In unadjusted Cox regression models, the TyG index had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.18 (95% confidence interval CI 1.10-1.27, p < 0.001), while the CHG index showed a higher HR of 1.35 (95% CI 1.21-1.51, p < 0.001). In the adjusted models, the relationship still persisted. The RCS models showed that the TyG index exhibited a non-linear relationship with the risk of CVD, while the CHG index demonstrated a positive linear correlation. ROC curve analysis revealed comparable predictive performance for both indices. The subgroup analysis indicated that there was no interaction between the subgroups and the both indices (p for interaction > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An elevated CHG index is significantly correlated with an increased risk of CVD, demonstrating a linear relationship. Furthermore, it exhibits predictive capabilities comparable to those of the TyG index in assessing CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride glucose index predicts long-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Matilde Sbriscia, Dalila Colombaretti, Angelica Giuliani, Silvia Di Valerio, Lucia Scisciola, Iryna Rusanova, Anna Rita Bonfigli, Fabiola Olivieri, Jacopo Sabbatinelli","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-02671-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12933-025-02671-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) is a marker of insulin resistance linked to the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in diverse populations. However, its long-term prognostic role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains underexplored. This study evaluated the predictive value of the TyG index for all-cause mortality and MACE in T2D over a period of more than 15 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 568 patients with T2D (median age: 67 years, IQR 61-72 years; 54% males; median disease duration: 14 years, IQR 7-21 years; median HbA1c: 7.3%, IQR 6.6-8.0%) and 376 presumably healthy controls (CTR, median age: 65 years, IQR 60-71 years) followed for a median period of 16.8 (IQR, 13.1-16.8) years. Routine biomarkers were measured on serum samples using commercially available methods. One-way ANOVA/ANCOVA, logistic regression, and Spearman's correlations were used to compare the TyG index among groups and to assess its correlations with biochemical variables. The association between TyG index and the follow-up endpoints was investigated by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with T2D exhibited higher TyG Index values compared to CTR, with significant correlations between the TyG Index and markers of obesity, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and liver function. Patients with preexisting diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or atherosclerotic vascular disease had higher baseline values of TyG index. Sex-specific differences were observed among CTR but not in T2D patients. The TyG Index was predictive of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.07-1.79) and associated with the onset of complications MACE, DKD, and neuropathy independent of other conventional predictors. Age modified the TyG Index-mortality association, with the strongest effect in individuals aged 57-74.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index is a valuable prognostic marker for long-term risk of all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with T2D, supporting its use in clinical risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9374,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Diabetology","volume":"24 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}