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Trumpets and Shofarot in the War Scroll (1QM): Musical and Terminological Insights 《战卷》中的小号和小号(第1QM章):音乐和术语的见解
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.2
M. Piamenta
{"title":"Trumpets and Shofarot in the War Scroll (1QM): Musical and Terminological Insights","authors":"M. Piamenta","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an archaeo-musicological study of the trumpets (ḥaṣoṣrot, metal wind instruments) and shofarot (animal horns) in the War Scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls of Qumran. The study of ancient Jewish music is largely uncharted territory. Many musical terms that appear in the Bible, Second Temple writings, and rabbinic literature, including the names of musical instruments, are not fully understood and there are many questions about their interpretation. For this reason, the War Scroll is one of the most important sources for archaeo-musicological scholarship of the ancient world generally, and of the Second Temple period in particular. This is not only because of the extensive description of the use of trumpets and shofarot in warfare that is found in the scroll, but especially because this rare and rich description is unmatched in any ancient work, Jewish, Hellenistic, or Roman. This uniquely extensive description includes a detailed itemization of the stages when the priests use different types of trumpets to direct the fighting forces, and describes the sounding of the shofarot by the Levites and the people as a means of instilling fear in the enemy. In addition, the scroll lists the types of sounds generated by trumpets and shofarot in battle, using technical and musical terms whose meaning is not always clear. In this article, I re-examine the interpretations that previous scholars have suggested for the terms describing the sounds made by the trumpets and shofarot in the War Scroll, and, in some cases, I offer new interpretations. I also examine how trumpets and shofarot were used in specific stages of the eschatological war depicted in the scroll and suggest a number of ways to understand the military uses and purpose of the incorporation of these instruments. In addition to contributing to the understanding of the musical terms that appear in the War Scroll, my research opens a window to the rich musical language used by the Dead Sea sect and perhaps also by other groups in the Second Temple era.","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45996473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Edge 在边缘
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.6
Jordan D. Finkin, Nokhum Minkoff
{"title":"On the Edge","authors":"Jordan D. Finkin, Nokhum Minkoff","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.6","url":null,"abstract":"Nokhum Borukh Minkov (1893–1958) was born to a modern-thinking family in Warsaw. Though his mother was much more comfortable in Yiddish, his Russified father forbade Yiddish in the home. Minkov came to the U.S. just before the outbreak of World War I, first to San Francisco, where he wanted to study medicine, and then to New York, where he ended up at NYU Law School. There he befriended Yankev Glatshteyn, also a law student, and fell in with the Yiddish literary crowd. In those early days he could often be seen in the cafes doggedly studying Yiddish, pestering his soon-to-be-fellow poets about vocabulary and points of grammar. Though he would ultimately author five books of poetry, he is today noted and remembered primarily for his later works of literary critical scholarship, including studies of Elye Bokher and Glikl Hamel, as well as Classic Yiddish Poets (1939), Six Yiddish Critics (1954), and his three-volume masterwork Pioneers of Yiddish Poetry in America (1956)","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48852438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reckoning the End of Days: A Study in Yefet ben ʻEli's Biblical Exegesis 末日：耶菲特·本·伊莱《圣经》注释研究
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.3
Meirav Nadler-Akirav
{"title":"Reckoning the End of Days: A Study in Yefet ben ʻEli's Biblical Exegesis","authors":"Meirav Nadler-Akirav","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.3","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that Jews engaged in reckoning the end of days by the ninth century. In his commentary on the book of Daniel, Yefet ben ‘Eli (10th century) claims that it is impossible to know when the end of days will come. He presents the opinions of the sages and of Saʿadia Gaon, as well as of the Karaites Yūsuf ben Baḥtāwī, Binyamīn Al-Nahawandī, and Salmon ben Yerūḥam, and rejects the claims of each regarding the date of the end of days. However, in his commentary on the Book of Haggai he does present several possibilities for determining the time of the end of days. This article presents Yefet’s attitude regarding the time of the end of days, including a discussion of Yefet’s commentary on Haggai 2:6–9.","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42425265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Two Different Endings of Sefer haMiddot Sefer haMiddot的两个不同结尾
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.4
S. Kadish
{"title":"The Two Different Endings of Sefer haMiddot","authors":"S. Kadish","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.4","url":null,"abstract":"The final chapter of Sefer haMiddot – a popular ethical work by an anonymous late medieval author, and called Orḥot Tzaddikim in its printed versions – is Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim. An early manuscript restores the original conclusion to this chapter, followed by an epitome called Simmanei Sefer haMiddot. This material was lost for well over five centuries. Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim asserts a dualism in which the soul animates the body like God animates the cosmos. The soul takes clear precedence over the body. To appreciate this dualism leads to fear of heaven, which is God’s greatest treasure. This chapter, devoted to a theological doctrine, is unique within Sefer haMiddot. Simmanei Sefer ha-Middot is a natural continuation of Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim. It also sharpens a global theme throughout the book, which places middot (ethics) alongside mitzvot (commandments) as constituting the exoteric will of God in its fullness. This substitutes ethics for the older esoteric doctrine of the Ḥasidei Ashkenaz, and is what makes the book distinct in medieval Jewish thought. The substitution of ethics for esoteric doctrine does not depend upon the final chapter’s doctrine of the soul, and the book thus ends in two different ways. An Appendix presents the full conclusion to Sefer haMiddot – Sha‘ar Yir’at Shamayim followed by Simmanei Sefer haMiddot – in a Hebrew text based upon a full synopsis of the manuscripts and in an annotated English translation.","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43366422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The תורה in רות – Notes on Judean Literary Onomastics 《犹太教文学Onomastics》中的《犹太教文学Onomastics》
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.1
J. Cooley
{"title":"The תורה in רות – Notes on Judean Literary Onomastics","authors":"J. Cooley","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.1","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have long recognized that the proper names in the Book of Ruth are narratively relevant, signaling characters’ and places’ natures, fates, and so on. Nonetheless, the various historical and modern explanations of the name of the book’s protagonist, the Moabite Ruth, are of relatively weak philological and narrative merit and, as such, are in stark contrast to the vivid explanations of many of the other names in the story. This study posits a novel etymology and maintains that the name רות is ultimately derived from the important term תורה .This derivation is grounded in the stylistics practice and the kinds of etymological speculation otherwise evinced by the scribes who composed the Hebrew Bible. Ultimately, the transparent relationship between רות on the one hand and תורה on the other has the potential to impact how the character is to be understood vis-à-vis the issue of the integration of non-Judean wives into the Judean community at the time of the biblical book’s composition.","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44047655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of Mendelssohn's Commentary on Qohelet on Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Jewish Commentators in Eastern and Western Europe 门德尔松对《古兰经》的评论对19世纪东西欧正统犹太评论者的影响
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.5
T. Ganzel
{"title":"The Influence of Mendelssohn's Commentary on Qohelet on Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Jewish Commentators in Eastern and Western Europe","authors":"T. Ganzel","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.92.5","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of Mendelssohn’s commentary to Qohelet lies, inter alia, in its influence on nineteenth-century Jewish commentators and more precisely in its reception among eastern and western Europe’s Orthodox commentators, who adopted, explicitly or implicitly, his unique form of scriptural interpretation. In this article, I demonstrate unique characteristics in Mendelssohn’s commentary on Qohelet and the ways in which these were adopted by later biblical commentators, shedding light on features of Mendelssohn’s writings, reputation, and influence.","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42572374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individuum Ineffabile: Leo Baeck (1947) 独立作家：Leo Baeck（1947）
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0271
Alisa Rethy
{"title":"Individuum Ineffabile: Leo Baeck (1947)","authors":"Alisa Rethy","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Earliest Published Yiddish Tehinnot (1590–1609) 最早出版的意第绪语Tehinnot (1590-1609)
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0157
Morris M. Faierstein
{"title":"The Earliest Published Yiddish Tehinnot (1590–1609)","authors":"Morris M. Faierstein","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43335677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leo Baeck's “Individuum Ineffabile” Leo Baeck的“无法驾驭的个体”
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0261
Ellenson, Mendes-Flohr
{"title":"Leo Baeck's “Individuum Ineffabile”","authors":"Ellenson, Mendes-Flohr","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67185069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Yalta – The Third Rib: Redaction and Meaning in Bavli Berakhot, Chapter 7 雅尔塔-第三根肋骨:巴伐利·贝拉克特的修订和意义，第七章
Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0001
Hevroni
{"title":"Yalta – The Third Rib: Redaction and Meaning in Bavli Berakhot, Chapter 7","authors":"Hevroni","doi":"10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15650/hebruniocollannu.91.2020.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93704,"journal":{"name":"Hebrew Union College annual. Hebrew Union College","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67184818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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