Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ最新文献

Medicine as a Tool of Empire: How Medical Developments Advanced European Imperialism in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 医学作为帝国的工具:医学发展如何在19世纪末和20世纪初推动了欧洲帝国主义

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5402

Brina A Ratangee

{"title":"Medicine as a Tool of Empire: How Medical Developments Advanced European Imperialism in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries","authors":"Brina A Ratangee","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5402","url":null,"abstract":"Significant research and historical analyses have been performed regarding the driving factors of imperialism in the yearspreceding World War I, but the role of medicine in enabling imperialism during the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies has been comparatively understudied. Additionally, existing analyses focus mainly on specific imperial-era medicaland public health measures, such as the development of quinine for malaria or the establishment of schools for tropical medicine. This analysis synthesizes much of the research that has been done on medical developments during the Age of Imperialism to explore the various ways in which disease and medicine intersected with colonial rule. Primary sources and secondary historiographical perspectives suggest that medical developments advanced imperialism by both facilitating colonial arrival and cementing European colonial power in developing regions. Furthermore, they support the assertion that developments in medical technologies and infrastructures were more important than economic, military, political, humanitarian, and religious motives in advancing imperialism.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42487527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Assessment of the Correlation Between Teacher- Student Racial Congruence and Student Mathematics Performance in Black, Hispanic, and White Teachers and Students 黑人、西班牙裔和白人师生种族认同与学生数学成绩的相关性评估

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5398

Rohit Kataria

{"title":"An Assessment of the Correlation Between Teacher- Student Racial Congruence and Student Mathematics Performance in Black, Hispanic, and White Teachers and Students","authors":"Rohit Kataria","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5398","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has well demonstrated that there is a statistically significant gap between the academic performance of Black and Hispanic students and the academic performance of White students. However, the factors contributing to this phenomenonvare not clearly defined. By analyzing data from the Department of Education’s National High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, this study determines if teacher-student racial/ethnic congruence is associated with a student’s mathematics performance for Black, Hispanic, and White students and teachers. After initial calculations suggested differences in standardized mathematics performance among student groups based on the race/ethnicity of the student’s math teacher, several linear regressions that controlled for sex, income, and guardian education level revealed the statistical insignificance of these relationships. Although this study shows that teacher-student racial/ethnic congruence is not associated with the present academic performance disparities in American society, further research is warranted as to what factors are and are not associated with this observed phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43614106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amygdala Grey Matter Volume and Face Activation Compared to Social Network Size 与社交网络规模相比，杏仁核灰质体积和面部激活

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5424

George Louis Gfroerer, Rankin W. McGugin, A. Roche, I. Gauthier

引用次数: 0

Complex Syntax Methods of Assessment: Relative Clauses 评价的复杂句法方法:关系分句

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5343

A. Delgado

{"title":"Complex Syntax Methods of Assessment: Relative Clauses","authors":"A. Delgado","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5343","url":null,"abstract":"Relative clauses are a type of complex syntax in which a clause modifies a noun (e.g., “the dog that runs in the house”). Some children struggle to produce relative clauses and their difficulties may impact their academic performance. Assessments that measure children’s relative clause skill are thus needed to assess and monitor progress of intervention in children’s relative clause skill to increase these children’s communication and in turn, academic performance. The aim of this study was to compare commonly used assessments in the research literature, two sentence imitation tasks (a straight imitation task and a delayed imitation task) and one elicitation task (a toy elicitation task), to identify the most efficient measure that captures child skill. An age effect was found for the straight imitation task which suggests that this task can capture growth over time. There were no statistically significant differences between the straight imitation and toy elicitation tasks. This lack of statistical significance indicates that the straight imitation task, which appeared to yield similar results to the elicitation task and is more efficient to administer, may provide an equally valid measure of relative clause production skills. The use of a straight imitation task is suggested to provide speech-language pathologists and researchers with a relative clause assessment tool that will aid in relative clause intervention that is efficient, captures growth, and truly captures relative clause skill.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49219332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can You Imagine That: Individual Differences in Visual Mental Imagery 你能想象吗：视觉心理意象的个体差异

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5390

Kwan Nok Adrian Wong, F. Tong

{"title":"Can You Imagine That: Individual Differences in Visual Mental Imagery","authors":"Kwan Nok Adrian Wong, F. Tong","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5390","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in mental imagery ability between individuals have been reported since Galton in 1880. Despite much progress in the mental imagery field, particularly with the advent of neuroimaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging, the neural bases of mental imagery and why individual differences exist in mental imagery ability are not fully understood. Several subjective and objective methods have been proposed and utilized to investigate the strength of visual mental imagery, and even to predict the content of imagery. Recent evidence has shown that people with opposite extremes of visual mental imagery ability, aphantasia and hyperphantasia, have selective impairments and enhancements of ability to visualize visual elements in imagery. We argue that this heterogeneity is generalizable to the population who have relatively normal imagery ability. Current studies have overgeneralized specific paradigms and stimuli to apply to visual mental imagery ability of all types of stimuli, under the presumption that this ability is homogenous. Future studies would benefit from both increased granularity and expanded scope of paradigms and stimuli used.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49631655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Symptoms, Health Status, and Mental Well-Being of Patients After COVID-19 COVID-19后患者的症状、健康状况和心理健康状况

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5426

Max Beck, Nikita A. Narayani, Mira J. Patel, Lauren Cavagnini, Karen Miller, A. Storrow

{"title":"Symptoms, Health Status, and Mental Well-Being of Patients After COVID-19","authors":"Max Beck, Nikita A. Narayani, Mira J. Patel, Lauren Cavagnini, Karen Miller, A. Storrow","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5426","url":null,"abstract":"Persistence of symptoms post-COVID-19 infection, commonly known as “long COVID”, is a significant issue, affecting nearly one in five individuals. The aim was to assess whether the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms beyond infection was associated with poorer overall health status. Additionally, The investigators assessed the frequency and severity of the symptoms associated with long COVID in the patient population. They surveyed patients verbally at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Emergency Department, a Level 1 Urban Trauma Center. The investigators gathered patients’ demographic data and perspectives on their symptoms before, during, and after COVID-19 infection. They enrolled a total of 100 patients and analyzed the data descriptively, proportions with Pearson Goodness-of-fit Test and differences between paired samples with Wilcoxon signed-ranked test. Nearly one-fourth of the local population experienced long COVID symptoms, including shortness of breath and fatigue (p = 0.009372). Additionally, there was a significant difference between patient health rankings before and after testing positive for COVID-19 (p = 1.6 x 10-10), which may suggest COVID-19 has a negative impact on overall health or perception of health in the patient population.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43553509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Caregivers’ Perspectives on Service Provision in Augmentative and Alternative Communication: A Systematic Literature Review 护理人员在增强和替代沟通中提供服务的视角：系统文献综述

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5341

Madeline Filipski, Samantha Van Ert, Theresa Szydlik, Ava Lehavi

{"title":"Caregivers’ Perspectives on Service Provision in Augmentative and Alternative Communication: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Madeline Filipski, Samantha Van Ert, Theresa Szydlik, Ava Lehavi","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5341","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) services are essential to improving communication skills in children with complex communication needs (CCN). Communication through whatever means necessary is essential for one to relate to the world and the people in it. By providing children with complex communication needs with alternative and augmentative communication services, they can communicate with caregivers, friends, and the public. Caregivers are key stakeholders in the process. As a result, a systematic literature review was conducted from 1985 to 2022 to determine caregivers’ perspectives on AAC service provision and if there were differences during assessment or identification process (pre-service), during the implementation of services (during), and during the follow-up (post-service). A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were thematically coded into seven overarching themes based on the findings from each included study. Results are discussed based on the timing of the service provision. Implications and future practical and research directions are outlined. This literature review found that caregivers acknowledged challenges getting involved in the initial AAC process, finding an appropriate focus for their child’s AAC interventions, promoting access and inclusion in educational settings and the community, overcoming barriers inhibiting service provision, and collaborating with service providers. These findings are particularly important for children with CCN because, to engage in the world effectively and appropriately, children and caregivers need to be equipped with all possible tools to successfully communicate.\u0000Keywords: alternative and augmentative communication, AAC, complex communication needs, CCN, caregiver, families, and perspectives.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41889030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychedelic Sensationalism: An Analysis of the Schedule Classification of Psilocybin 致幻轰动效应:裸盖菇素表分类分析

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5403

E. Wood

{"title":"Psychedelic Sensationalism: An Analysis of the Schedule Classification of Psilocybin","authors":"E. Wood","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5403","url":null,"abstract":"In 1970, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration passed the Controlled Substances Act. This statute classified and banned a variety of drugs including psilocybin, the psychoactive component found in Psilocybe Cubensis (also known as \"Magic Mushrooms\"). Though psilocybin was known to possess many medical benefits and cause no serious side effects, the Controlled Substances Act designated it as one of the most dangerous drugs, earning it a Schedule I classification. This meant possession and use incurred the highest level of legal punishment, and psilocybin could not be used under any circumstances, including in a medical setting. Based on biochemical properties alone, psilocybin does not fit the criteria to be a Schedule I drug, which suggests some other factors must have contributed to its legal classification. This paper analyzes primary and secondary sources to explore the anthropological and political motives that may have influenced psilocybin's schedule classification. The evidence that psilocybin's reputation in the eyes of the government was damaged due to its association with hippies and the counterculture movement of the 1960s and 1970s. This paper asserts that drug regulation was used as a form of social control that aimed to stifle the progressive ideals of the youth counterculture movement and reinforce conservative American ideals.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Anorexia Nervosa on Pregnancy 神经性厌食症对妊娠的影响

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5405

Victoria He

{"title":"The Effects of Anorexia Nervosa on Pregnancy","authors":"Victoria He","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5405","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa is one of the most prevalent eating disorders, disproportionately affecting more women than men. It is characterized by deliberate self-starvation alongside other extreme measures to maintain an exceedingly low weight. This scientific literature review aims to analyze the effects of anorexia nervosa on pregnancy in both maternal health and perinatal health. This review addresses a gap in the current literature on maternal and perinatal health that compares pregnancies in which the mother faces active anorexia versus past anorexia. The methodology includes a search for peer-reviewed journals on anorexia in relation to pregnancy published recently from 1987 to 2020. Six research studies from the Jean and Alexander Heard Library online database were identified as relevant based on an overview of their titles, abstracts, and content. The results indicate that regarding the pregnant mother’s health, anorexia nervosa has detrimental consequences on numerous organ systems. It leads to nutritional deficiency that can result in anemia and antepartum hemorrhage, which can induce shock and death from blood loss. Regarding the fetus’ health, anorexia nervosa is positively correlated with fetal mortality. It can also lead to premature births and low gestational weights, which are associated with future cognitive impairments and memory problems. Based on an analysis of the literature, the conclusion formulates a summary of the findings, brief recommendations, and areas for future research. Due to the wide-ranging causes and effects of anorexia, the most effective treatment for pregnant women is a multidisciplinary approach combining psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, weight restoration, and family involvement.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48883639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proprioception and Tactile Perception in Schizophrenia 精神分裂症患者的本体觉与触觉知觉

Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5449

Shadhvika Nandhakumar

{"title":"Proprioception and Tactile Perception in Schizophrenia","authors":"Shadhvika Nandhakumar","doi":"10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5449","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to investigate the relationship between proprioceptive and tactile perceptual aberrations and the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, a correlation which has already been established by several studies (Lenzenweger, 2006; Postmes et al., 2014; Chang and Lenzenweger, 2005; Michael and Park, 2016; Germine et al., 2013; Kent et al., 2010). However, the direction of causality within the correlation is still unknown. Because several studies indicate an abnormal and uneven weighting of the senses in schizophrenic multisensory integration, it is possible that the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia may be due to multisensory integration abnormalities involving proprioceptive and tactile perception. Several theories have also been proposed that schizophrenia itself is the cause of these proprioceptive and tactile perception anomalies. There could also be neuroanatomical factors that underlie both the schizophrenia psychotic symptoms and proprioceptive and tactile perception aberrations. Because of limitations in the current research, a definite causal direction is still unable to be determined. Several practices to improve the methods of analysis in this field of study include incorporating measures of schizotypy with less subjectivity and using longitudinal neurodevelopmental studies to pinpoint developmental aberrations in proprioception, tactile perception, and the correlated psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. These methods may lead to better pre-emptive target interventions and could establish the directionality of causation between proprioception and tactile perception anomalies and positive schizophrenia symptoms.","PeriodicalId":93630,"journal":{"name":"Vanderbilt undergraduate research journal : VURJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0