Brain and neurological disorders最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Human Body Balance: A Review of Clinical and Simple Field Tests of Balance","authors":"Opeyemi Oluwasanmi Adeloye","doi":"10.31579/2642-9730/030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9730/030","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to highlight the main evaluation techniques used in body balance. We discussed movement regulation, biomechanical, metric characteristics, validity, objectivity, repeatability, sensitivity for the practical use of every assessment. We also identify critical research-based reviews, Pros and cons of the body balance tests. The techniques are widely used in rehabilitation, sports medicine, and laboratory. The article closes with a summary of human balance and proposals for future research work.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47990683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Involvement of Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of the Neuropeptide Oxytocin","authors":"Hassan A. Alfaifi","doi":"10.31579/2692-9422/014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9422/014","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder generally signified by a disruption in social interaction and communication combined with frequent repetitive patterns of behaviors or interests. Although the cellular and molecular changes in autistic brains are unclear, the neuropathological abnormalities of ASD have been identified in several brain areas, including the hippocampus. The participation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to ASD induction and perpetuation has also been identified. It has been reported that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several neuroinflammatory cytokines are abnormally increased in hippocampal brain area in individuals with ASD. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are also known as major factors for the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Apoptosis is a fundamental process known to regulate cellular growth. Disordered apoptosis and cellular death involve a number of signal transduction cascade steps resulting from the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and inhibition of antiapoptotic ones. According to many postmortem and animal studies, abnormalities of several apoptotic signaling pathways have been linked to the induction of ASD, one being the p53 signaling pathway. Therefore, agents that can reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress like the neuropeptide oxytocin may effectively manage ASD. It has been shown that oxytocin can reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improve neuronal cell growth in some neural cell lines. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of oxytocin in the management of ASD through its protective effects against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampal brain area.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41398890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Rare Events with Important Implications","authors":"A. Dagra, E. Williams, S. Aghili-Mehrizi, Michael Goutnik, Melanie B. Martinez, R. Turner, B. Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.31579/2642-9730/020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9730/020","url":null,"abstract":"Rupture of an aneurysm is the leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) which results in accumulation of blood between the arachnoid and pia mater, consequently increasing intracranial pressure. This often results in life threatening conditions like herniation or clinical presentations including focal neurological deficits. In children, these events, although rare, have significant implications. Pediatric SAH is associated with better outcomes in the hospital setting and may even be prevented proactively by the recognition of potential risk factors. Specifically, better recognition of genetic predispositions, metastatic lesions, and infectious causes of aneurysms is important to understand their growth and prevent hemorrhagic events. This review highlights the causes of pediatric SAH, reviews the models of current understanding of this etiology, and discusses the current treatment schema to provide a succinct summary and highlight gaps in current knowledge. This may lead to future investigations aimed at further improving prevention strategies, patient care, and patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47927263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Rare Events with Important Implications.","authors":"Abeer Dagra, Eric Williams, Sina Aghili-Mehrizi, Michael A Goutnik, Melanie Martinez, Ryan C Turner, Brandon Lucke-Wold","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rupture of an aneurysm is the leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) which results in accumulation of blood between the arachnoid and pia mater, consequently increasing intracranial pressure. This often results in life threatening conditions like herniation or clinical presentations including focal neurological deficits. In children, these events, although rare, have significant implications. Pediatric SAH is associated with better outcomes in the hospital setting and may even be prevented proactively by the recognition of potential risk factors. Specifically, better recognition of genetic predispositions, metastatic lesions, and infectious causes of aneurysms is important to understand their growth and prevent hemorrhagic events. This review highlights the causes of pediatric SAH, reviews the models of current understanding of this etiology, and discusses the current treatment schema to provide a succinct summary and highlight gaps in current knowledge. This may lead to future investigations aimed at further improving prevention strategies, patient care, and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Functional Outcome at Three Months Post Stroke in a Third Level Hospital in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso","authors":"Lompo Djingri Labodi","doi":"10.31579/2642-9730/012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9730/012","url":null,"abstract":"Aim/Background: The aim of our study was to identify the predictive factors of functional outcome at 3 months post stroke, at Tingandogo University Hospital, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, in order to contribute to the improvement of the functional prognosis of patients suffering from stroke. Materials and methods: This involved a hospital study, longitudinal prospective and anaytical, of patients hospitalized for stroke, from March 2015 to February 2016, at the Tingandogo University Hospital, in Ouagadougou, then followed in outpatient neurology, for at least 3 months, after discharge from hospital. The sociodemographic, clinical and CT characteristics of the patients on admission, the mortality at 3 months, and the evaluation of the functional outcome of the survivors at 3 months by the modified Rankin score (mRS) were analyzed. Motor functional outcome was considered favorable if mRS ≤ 2 and unfavorable if mRS ≥ 3. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression made it possible to identify independent predictors of functional outcome at 3 months post-stroke. Results: A total of 232 patients were collected, i.e. 62.9% of cerebral infarction and 37.1% of intracerebral hemorrhage, with a male predominance (62.93%), an average age of 60.9 years +/- 14.5 years. On admission, 6% of patients were in a coma and 35.8% had severe to very severe neurological impairment. Motor physiotherapy indicated in 77.3% of patients was but only performed in 47.4% At 3 months post stroke, 27 patients had died (31%). Among the 160 surviving patients, 91 patients (56.9%) were autonomous or independent (mRS≤2) and 69 patients (43.1%) were still dependent (mRS≥3). The independent predictors of unfavorable functional outcome (mRS≥3) at 3 months post-stroke were: age ≥ 60 years (p = 0.007), pre-stroke disability (p = 0.032), severe neurological deficit at admission (p = 0.018), impaired alertness on admission (p = 0.005) and large infarcts (p=0.004). Conclusion: Advanced age, pre-stroke disability, clinical and CT markers of the extent of brain damage, influence functional outcome at 3 months post-stroke in our context. Improving the quality of care for all patients, even the oldest, and better access to quality functional rehabilitation will help improve the functional prognosis of stroke patients.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46810577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient global amnesia with bilateral hippocampal findings in magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Sonia P. Rodriguez, Alfredo Fernandez de Castro, Carlos Enrique Trillos Peña","doi":"10.31579/2642-973x/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-973x/011","url":null,"abstract":"Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an unusual neurological syndrome of unknown etiology that affects individuals between 50 and 75 years old. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman, who experienced an episode of two hours of anterograde amnesia. The event had an acute onset and was observed by a reliable witness. It lacked motor or sensory symptoms, compromised consciousness, or personal identity. A brain magnetic resonance was performed 22 hours after the onset of symptoms depicting foci of restricted diffusion in both hippocampi. Taking into account clinical and imaging findings, the diagnosis of transient global amnesia was made.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49191095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncinate Fasciculus in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","authors":"Simbrón Ribbeck Lourdes, Sandoval Paredes Josefina, Amador Sánchez Karen, Taboada Barajas Jesús","doi":"10.31579/2642-973x/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-973x/010","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal intractable epilepsy. Uncinate fasciculus is a white fiber bundle that connects the orbitofrontal cortex with the anterior temporal lobe, and is implicated in most of the superior mental functions. There is evidence of uncinate fasciculus as a propagation pathway of seizures from temporal lobe. The aim of the study is to determine uncinate fasciculus alterations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, through fractional anisotropy. Methods: Thirty-three patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (10 right and 23 left) were studied. All of them were right-handed and had left hemisphere dominance for language. A 1.5 T MR imaging scanner was used to obtain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fractional anisotropy of uncinate fasciculus was calculated through TBSS (Tract Based Spatial Statistics). Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS (v. 25). Results: Fractional anisotropy was higher in right uncinate fasciculus, regardless of epilepsy side. Right uncinate fasciculus, at the insula level, showed lower fractional anisotropy in patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy. Conclusions: Results support the evidence of uncinate fasciculus as a pathway of propagation in temporal lobe epilepsy, specially at insular level.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42790197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of genetic mutations in genes HSPB1 & HSPB8 in Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy, type II Syndrome","authors":"S. Asadi","doi":"10.31579/2642-973x/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-973x/005","url":null,"abstract":"Symptoms of DHMN2 usually begin from the age of 10 to the middle of adulthood. Early signs of this disorder include clogging or weakness in the muscles of the toe and the next, the whole leg. The DHMN2 syndrome is caused by the mutation of the HSPB1 gene, which is positioned in the long arm of chromosome 7 as 7q11.23, and the HSPB8 gene, which is based on the long arm of chromosome 12, is 12q24.23.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":"129 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Retrospective Study of Traumatic Brain Injury undergo De compressive Craniotomy","authors":"Rhys Payne, A. Rudi","doi":"10.31579/2642-973x/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-973x/009","url":null,"abstract":"Decompressive craniectomy is widely used for treating patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Usually patients have dura mater defect due to surgery or injury itself. The defective area may left open or repaired by artificial dura substitutes. A variety of artificial dura substitutes have been used for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47407687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parkinson's disease: Role of Acupuncture Study a Randomized Study of Fatigue Behavior","authors":"P. Liu, Qu Jian","doi":"10.31579/2642-973x/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-973x/008","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue is a common and disabling problem in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and there is currently no satisfactory treatment. As acupuncture has been reported to be effective in fatigue related to other conditions, we sought to evaluate its efficacy in PD.","PeriodicalId":93528,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neurological disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48268117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}