Data & policy最新文献_第5页

Can we trust trust-based data governance models? 我们能信任基于信任的数据治理模型吗？

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.36

B. van der Sloot, Esther Keymolen

引用次数: 2

Is the Capabilities Approach operationalizable to analyse the impact of digital identity on human lives 能力方法是否可用于分析数字身份对人类生活的影响

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.37

Henk Marsman

引用次数: 1

Measuring the risk of corruption in Latin American political parties. De jure analysis of institutions 衡量拉丁美洲政党腐败风险。法律上的制度分析

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.33

Giovanna Rodríguez-García

{"title":"Measuring the risk of corruption in Latin American political parties. De jure analysis of institutions","authors":"Giovanna Rodríguez-García","doi":"10.1017/dap.2022.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2022.33","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research that examines the impact of economic, social, and political factors on political corruption uses expert’ and citizen’ perceptions for measuring corruption and testing arguments. Scholars argue that the perception of corruption is a good proxy for actual corruption because data on actual corruption are limited and not entirely trustworthy. However, perception indexes do not allow for testing separate mechanisms driving citizen’ perceptions of corruption from actual levels of corruption in different government branches. To address this issue, I introduce a new index based on Latin American countries to measure the risk of corruption in political parties. Using a de jure analysis of laws and regulations, the Risk of Corruption (ROC) index evaluates the likelihood of political parties engaging in corrupt activities. Instead of measuring corrupt activities or perception directly, the ROC measures the risks of involving in corruption. The index has important implications for academics and practitioners in anti-corruption issues. First, it allows us to test arguments about the role of political parties and legislatures in reducing political corruption. Second, it helps to understand how political parties could improve their internal organization to decrease the risk of corrupt activities. Finally, it is a valuable instrument for cross-national studies in diverse fields that study political parties.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44055037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operationalizing digital self-determination 运营数字自决

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.11

S. Verhulst

{"title":"Operationalizing digital self-determination","authors":"S. Verhulst","doi":"10.1017/dap.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A proliferation of data-generating devices, sensors, and applications has led to unprecedented amounts of digital data. We live in an era of datafication, one in which life is increasingly quantified and transformed into intelligence for private or public benefit. When used responsibly, this offers new opportunities for public good. The potential of data is evident in the possibilities offered by open data and data collaboratives—both instances of how wider access to data can lead to positive and often dramatic social transformation. However, three key forms of asymmetry currently limit this potential, especially for already vulnerable and marginalized groups: data asymmetries, information asymmetries, and agency asymmetries. These asymmetries limit human potential, both in a practical and psychological sense, leading to feelings of disempowerment and eroding public trust in technology. Existing methods to limit asymmetries (such as open data or consent) as well as some alternatives under consideration (data ownership, collective ownership, personal information management systems) have limitations to adequately address the challenges at hand. A new principle and practice of digital self-determination (DSD) is therefore required. The study and practice of DSD remain in its infancy. The characteristics we have outlined here are only exploratory, and much work remains to be done so as to better understand what works and what does not. We suggest the need for a new research framework or agenda to explore DSD and how it can address the asymmetries, imbalances, and inequalities—both in data and society more generally—that are emerging as key public policy challenges of our era.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44564568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Govtech against corruption: What are the integrity dividends of government digitalization? 政府科技反腐:政府数字化的廉洁红利是什么?

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.31

C. Santiso

{"title":"Govtech against corruption: What are the integrity dividends of government digitalization?","authors":"C. Santiso","doi":"10.1017/dap.2022.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2022.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Does digitalization reduce corruption? What are the integrity benefits of government digitalization? While the correlation between digitalization and corruption is well established, there is less actionable evidence on the integrity dividends of specific digitalization reforms on different types of corruption and the policy channels through which they operate. These linkages are especially relevant in high corruption risk environments. This article unbundles the integrity dividends of digital reforms undertaken by governments around the world, accelerated by the pandemic. It analyzes the rise of data-driven integrity analytics as promising tools in the anticorruption space deployed by tech-savvy integrity actors. It also assesses the broader integrity benefits of the digitalization of government services and the automation of bureaucratic processes, which contribute to reducing bribe solicitation risks by front-office bureaucrats. It analyzes in particular the impact of digitalization on social transfers. It argues that government digitalization can be an implicit yet effective anticorruption strategy, with subtler yet deeper effects, but there needs to be greater synergies between digital reforms and anticorruption strategies.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41882139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Migration data collection and management in a changing Latin American landscape 不断变化的拉丁美洲环境中的移民数据收集和管理

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.34

María E. Cervantes-Macías

引用次数: 0

Predicting politicians’ misconduct: Evidence from Colombia 预测政客的不当行为：来自哥伦比亚的证据

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.35

Jorge Gallego, M. Prem, Juan F. Vargas

引用次数: 0

On the sociopolitical configurations of digital identity principles 论数字身份原则的社会政治配置

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.30

E. Whitley, E. Schoemaker

引用次数: 2

Mistrust of government within authoritarian states hindering user acceptance and adoption of digital IDs in Africa: The Nigerian context 专制国家对政府的不信任阻碍了非洲用户接受和采用数字身份:尼日利亚背景

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.29

Babatunde O. Okunoye

{"title":"Mistrust of government within authoritarian states hindering user acceptance and adoption of digital IDs in Africa: The Nigerian context","authors":"Babatunde O. Okunoye","doi":"10.1017/dap.2022.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2022.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nigeria commenced its national foundational digital identity project in 2007 and had enrolled 60 million people by July 2021. The project, led by the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), seeks to unify the country’s public and private functional identity databases, and aims to improve government services and national security. Although the enrolment process had encountered initial challenges such as the absence of enrolment centers in some communities across the country, enrolment for the biometric ID had proceeded without any significant public objection to its objectives. Following the EndSARS protests of October 2020, where youths protesting police violence and perceived poor governance were shot at by government security forces and protesters placed under surveillance, the government announced an updated national identity policy mandating citizens link their National Identity Number (NIN) with their SIM card information. For the first time, significant pockets of resistance arose against the national ID project by sections of the public who perceived the EndSARS violence as signaling a change in government behavior, and the updated ID policy as a mechanism for empowering government surveillance and authoritarianism. The resistance to the ID project marked a shift in public perception which threatens its future. This paper argues that mistrust in government data collection projects grows when data collection is perceived to be increasing government power to the detriment of human rights and freedom. It also puts forward a proposal on how to restore trust within the low-trust environment in Nigeria including the passage of a data protection law and amendments to the NIMC Act and Policies/Regulations, establishing Federated identity providers which give choices to end-users, and delinking the NIN from functional identity databases.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47875106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Contesting border artificial intelligence: Applying the guidance-ethics approach as a responsible design lens 竞争边界人工智能：应用指导伦理方法作为负责任的设计视角

Data & policy Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.28

Karolina La Fors, F. Meissner

{"title":"Contesting border artificial intelligence: Applying the guidance-ethics approach as a responsible design lens","authors":"Karolina La Fors, F. Meissner","doi":"10.1017/dap.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Border artificial intelligence (AI)—biometrics-based AI systems used in border control contexts—proliferates as common tools in border securitization projects. Such systems classify some migrants as posing risks like identity fraud, other forms of criminality, or terrorism. From a human rights perspective, using such risk framings for algorithmically facilitated evaluations of migrants’ biometrics systematically calls into question whether these kinds of systems can be built to be trustworthy for migrants. This article provides a thought experiment; we use a bottom-up responsible design lens—the guidance-ethics approach—to evaluate if responsible, trustworthy Border AI might constitute an oxymoron. The proposed European AI Act only limits the use of Border AI systems by classifying such systems as high risk. In parallel with these AI regulatory developments, large-scale civic movements have emerged throughout Europe to ban the use of facial recognition technologies in public spaces to defend EU citizens’ privacy. The fact that such systems remain acceptable for states’ usage to evaluate migrants, we argue, insufficiently protects migrants’ lives. In part, we argue that this is due to regulations and ethical frameworks being top-down and technology driven by focusing more on the safety of AI systems than on the safety of migrants. We conclude that bordering technologies developed from a responsible design angle would entail the development of entirely different technologies. These would refrain from harmful sorting based on biometric identifications but would start from the premise that migration is not a societal problem.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0