Data & policy最新文献_第10页

Decision support system for flood risk reduction policies: The case of a flood protection measure in the area of Vicenza 减少洪水风险政策的决策支持系统——以维琴察地区的防洪措施为例

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.23

Georgia Pantalona, F. Tsalakanidou, S. Nikolopoulos, I. Kompatsiaris, F. Lombardo, D. Norbiato, M. Ferri, L. Kovats, Holger Haberstock

{"title":"Decision support system for flood risk reduction policies: The case of a flood protection measure in the area of Vicenza","authors":"Georgia Pantalona, F. Tsalakanidou, S. Nikolopoulos, I. Kompatsiaris, F. Lombardo, D. Norbiato, M. Ferri, L. Kovats, Holger Haberstock","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is one of the most significant and pressing issues faced by humanity; it frequently results in major natural disasters, such as catastrophic floods, which require the establishment of effective management policies by local and national authorities. These policies involve complex multistep decision-making processes that require combined assessment of various sources of data by different stakeholders. Even though an abundance of data is being collected to monitor climate change and estimate its consequences on the society, the environment, and the economy, policy-making is still largely based on intuition rather than evidence due to lack of a structured approach for modeling the decision-making process and considering the appropriate use of data in every step of the process. The goal of this work is to introduce a novel decision support system that can guide policy makers through a structured data-driven decision-making process aiming to create policies for flood risk management. The proposed system is a multifacet platform that guides policy makers through five phases—inform, advise, monitor, evaluate, and revise—of the policy cycle. For each phase, different dashboards provide relevant information regarding the environmental, social, and economic conditions. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed system, we use it to assess a flood protection policy in the city of Vicenza, Italy. The results reveal the benefits and challenges of the proposed decision support tool for public administrations involved in flood risk management.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41879608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

IoT innovation clusters in Europe and the case for public policy 欧洲的物联网创新集群和公共政策案例

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.16

L. Remotti

{"title":"IoT innovation clusters in Europe and the case for public policy","authors":"L. Remotti","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently developing fast and its potential as driver of innovative solutions is increasing, pushed by technologies, networks, communication, and computing power, and has the potential to drive the development of technological ecosystems, such as innovation clusters. Innovation clusters are agglomeration of enterprises and research organizations, which cooperate, interact and compete, generating innovation and driving the growth of ecosystems. The narrative around innovation clusters has been developing since many years and policy-makers seek to use such clusters as a policy instrument to support the growth of technology on the one hand and regional and sectoral development on the other hand. This policy paper expands an empirical study on IoT innovation clusters in Europe and places it within the current debate around clusters and innovation clusters to provide evidence-based advice to policy-makers on what may and may not work as public policy measures. The paper highlights the findings of the interaction with several hundred European IoT innovation clusters and points out their points of view on their own creation factors, operational characteristics, and success stories, as well as their expectations in respect to policy interventions for IoT and for clusters. Suggestions for IoT policy-making are provided. The paper has also undertaken an extensive review of up-to date research on innovation cluster creation and performance, thoroughly analyzing the real possibility to define causal relationships between clusters, productivity and economic growth, and business performance, and providing suggestions for policy-makers on the approach to cluster policy.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46430583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Guiding principles to maintain public trust in the use of mobile operator data for policy purposes 为政策目的而使用流动电话营办商资料时，维持公众信任的指导原则

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.21

Ronald Jansen, K. Kovács, S. Esko, Erki Saluveer, Kaja Sõstra, Linus Bengtsson, Tracey Li, W. A. Adewole, Jade Nester, Ayumi Arai, Esperanza Magpantay

{"title":"Guiding principles to maintain public trust in the use of mobile operator data for policy purposes","authors":"Ronald Jansen, K. Kovács, S. Esko, Erki Saluveer, Kaja Sõstra, Linus Bengtsson, Tracey Li, W. A. Adewole, Jade Nester, Ayumi Arai, Esperanza Magpantay","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of mobile operator data to support public policy, although without a universal governance framework for its application. This article describes five principles to guide and assist statistical agencies, mobile network operators and intermediary service providers, who are actively working on projects using mobile operator data to support governments in monitoring the effectiveness of its COVID-19 related interventions. These are principles of necessity and proportionality, of professional independence, of privacy protection, of commitment to quality, and of international comparability. Compliance with each of these principles can help maintain public trust in the handling of these sensitive data and their results, and therefore keep citizen support for government policies. Three projects (in Estonia, Ghana, and the Gambia) were described and reviewed with respect to the compliance and applicability of the five principles. Most attention was placed on privacy protection, somewhat at the expense of the quality of the compiled indicators. The necessity and proportionality in the choice of mobile operator data can be very well justified given the need for timely, frequent and granular indicators. Explicitly addressing the five principles in the preparation of a project should give confidence to the statistical agency and its partners, that enough care has been exercised in the set up and implementation of the project, and should convey trust to public and government in the use mobile operator data for policy purposes.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The forgotten preconditions for a well-functioning internet 被遗忘的互联网运行良好的先决条件

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.38

Geoffrey Goodell

引用次数: 0

How data governance technologies can democratize data sharing for community well-being – Corrigendum 数据治理技术如何使数据共享民主化以造福社区——勘误表

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.22

Dan Wu, S. Verhulst, A. Pentland, T. Ávila, Kelsey Finch, Abhishek Gupta

引用次数: 1

Using Vodafone mobile phone network data to provide insights into citizens mobility in Italy during the Coronavirus outbreak 利用沃达丰移动电话网络数据，深入了解冠状病毒爆发期间意大利的公民流动性

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.18

Francesco Calabrese, E. Cobelli, Vincenzo Ferraiuolo, Giovanni Misseri, Fabio Pinelli, Daniel Rodriguez

引用次数: 3

Challenges and opportunities in accessing mobile phone data for COVID-19 response in developing countries 发展中国家应对COVID-19获取移动电话数据的挑战和机遇

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.10

S. Milusheva, Anat Lewin, Tania Begazo Gomez, Dunstan Matekenya, Kyla Reid

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in accessing mobile phone data for COVID-19 response in developing countries","authors":"S. Milusheva, Anat Lewin, Tania Begazo Gomez, Dunstan Matekenya, Kyla Reid","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anonymous and aggregated statistics derived from mobile phone data have proven efficacy as a proxy for human mobility in international development work and as inputs to epidemiological modeling of the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Despite the widely accepted promise of such data for better development outcomes, challenges persist in their systematic use across countries. This is not only the case for steady-state development use cases such as in the transport or urban development sectors, but also for sudden-onset emergencies such as epidemics in the health sector or natural disasters in the environment sector. This article documents an effort to gain systematized access to and use of anonymized, aggregated mobile phone data across 41 countries, leading to fruitful collaborations in nine developing countries over the course of one year. The research identifies recurring roadblocks and replicable successes, offers lessons learned, and calls for a bold vision for future successes. An emerging model for a future that enables steady-state access to insights derived from mobile big data - such that they are available over time for development use cases - will require investments in coalition building across multiple stakeholders, including local researchers and organizations, awareness raising of various key players, demand generation and capacity building, creation and adoption of standards to facilitate access to data and their ethical use, an enabling regulatory environment and long-term financing schemes to fund these activities.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44178637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Using mobile big data to support emergency preparedness and address economically vulnerable communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria 在尼日利亚COVID-19大流行期间，利用移动大数据支持应急准备并解决经济脆弱社区的问题

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.12

Jean Charles Gilbert, Olubayo Adekanmbi, C. Harrison

{"title":"Using mobile big data to support emergency preparedness and address economically vulnerable communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria","authors":"Jean Charles Gilbert, Olubayo Adekanmbi, C. Harrison","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria in 2020, the Nigeria Governors’ Forum (NGF) instigated a collaboration with MTN Nigeria to develop data-driven insights, using mobile big data (MBD) and other data sources, to shape the planning and response to the pandemic. First, a model was developed to predict the worst-case scenario for infections in each state. This was used to support state-level health committees to make local resource planning decisions. Next, as containment interventions resulted in subsistence/daily paid workers losing their income and ability to buy essential food supplies, NGF and MTN agreed a second phase of activity, to develop insights to understand the population clusters at greatest socioeconomic risk from the impact of the pandemic. This insight was used to promote available financial relief to the economically vulnerable population clusters in Lagos state via the HelpNow crowdfunding initiative. This article discusses how anonymized and aggregated mobile network data (MBD), combined with other data sources, were used to create valuable insights and inform the government, and private business, response to the pandemic in Nigeria. Finally, we discuss lessons learnt. Firstly, how a collaboration with, and support from, the regulator enabled MTN to deliver critical insights at a national scale. Secondly, how the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation and the GSMA COVID-19 Privacy Guidelines provided an initial framework to open the discussion and define the approach. Thirdly, why stakeholder management is critical to the understanding, and application, of insights. Fourthly, how existing relationships ease new project collaborations. Finally, how MTN is developing future preparedness by creating a team that is focused on developing data-driven insights for social good.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43399320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Understanding migrants in COVID-19 counting: Rethinking the data-(in)visibility nexus 了解COVID-19统计中的移民:重新思考数据可见性关系

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.19

Annalisa Pelizza, S. Milan, Y. Lausberg

{"title":"Understanding migrants in COVID-19 counting: Rethinking the data-(in)visibility nexus","authors":"Annalisa Pelizza, S. Milan, Y. Lausberg","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic confronts society with a dilemma between (in)visibility, security, and care. While invisibility might be sought by unregistered and undocumented people, being counted and thus visible during a pandemic is a precondition of existence and care. This article asks whether and how unregistered populations like undocumented migrants should be included in statistics and other “counting” exercises devised to track virus diffusion and its impact. In particular, the paper explores how such inclusion can be just, given that for unregistered people visibility is often associated with surveillance. It also reflects on how policymaking can act upon the relationship between data, visibility, and populations in pragmatic terms. Conversing with science and technology studies and critical data studies, the paper frames the dilemma between (in)visibility and care as an issue of sociotechnical nature and identifies four criteria linked to the sociotechnical characteristics of the data infrastructure enabling visibility. It surveys “counting” initiatives targeting unregistered and undocumented populations undertaken by European countries in the aftermath of the pandemic, and illustrates the medical, economic, and social consequences of invisibility. On the basis of our analysis, we outline four scenarios that articulate the visibility/invisibility binary in novel, nuanced terms, and identify in the “de facto inclusion” scenario the best option for both migrants and the surrounding communities. Finally, we offer policy recommendations to avoid surveillance and overreach and promote instead a more just “de facto” civil inclusion of undocumented populations.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Responsible innovation for digital identity systems 负责任的数字身份系统创新

Data & policy Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.35

N. Anand, I. Brass

{"title":"Responsible innovation for digital identity systems","authors":"N. Anand, I. Brass","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digital identity (eID) systems are a crucial piece in the digital services ecosystem. They connect individuals to a variety of socioeconomic opportunities but can also reinforce power asymmetries between organizations and individuals. Data collection practices can negatively impact an individual’s right to privacy, autonomy, and self-determination. Protecting individual rights, however, may be at odds with imperatives of profit maximization or national security. The use of eID technologies is hence highly contested. Current approaches to governing eID systems have been unable to fully address the trade-offs between the opportunities and risks associated with these systems. The responsible innovation (RI) literature provides a set of principles to govern disruptive innovations, such as eID systems, toward societally desirable outcomes. This article uses RI principles to develop a framework to govern eID systems in a more inclusive, responsible, and user-centered manner. The proposed framework seeks to complement existing practices for eID system governance by bringing forth principles of deliberation and democratic engagement to build trust amongst stakeholders of the eID system and deliver shared socioeconomic benefits.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45243413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3