Data & policy最新文献_第3页

Data collaborations at a local scale: Lessons learnt in Rennes (2010–2021) 地方规模的数据合作:雷恩的经验教训(2010-2021)

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.16

Simon Chignard, Marion Glatron

引用次数: 1

Opening industry data: The private sector’s role in addressing societal challenges 开放行业数据：私营部门在应对社会挑战中的作用

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.15

Jennifer Hansen, Yiu-Shing Pang

引用次数: 0

Fit for purpose? The patents regime, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and sustainable development 适合使用吗？专利制度、第四次工业革命与可持续发展

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.17

Allison Bostrom, Shivani Nayyar

引用次数: 0

City data ecosystems between theory and practice: A qualitative exploratory study in seven European cities 理论与实践之间的城市数据生态系统:对七个欧洲城市的定性探索研究

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.13

Giovanni Liva, Marina Micheli, S. Schade, A. Kotsev, Matteo Gori, Cristiano Codagnone

{"title":"City data ecosystems between theory and practice: A qualitative exploratory study in seven European cities","authors":"Giovanni Liva, Marina Micheli, S. Schade, A. Kotsev, Matteo Gori, Cristiano Codagnone","doi":"10.1017/dap.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The exponential growth of data collection opens possibilities for analyzing data to address political and societal challenges. Still, European cities are not utilizing the potential of data generated by its citizens, industries, academia, and public authorities for their public service mission. The reasons are complex and relate to an intertwined set of organizational, technological, and legal barriers, although good practices exist that could be scaled, sustained, and further developed. The article contributes to research on data-driven innovation in the public sector comparing high-level expectations on data ecosystems with actual practices of data sharing and innovation at the local and regional level. Our approach consists in triangulating the analysis of in-depth interviews with representatives of the local administrations with documents obtained from the cities. The interviews investigated the experiences and perspectives of local administrations regarding establishing a local or regional data ecosystem. The article examines experiences and obstacles to data sharing within seven administrations investigating what currently prevents the establishment of data ecosystems. The findings are summarized along three main lines. First, the limited involvement of private sector organizations as actors in local data ecosystems through emerging forms of data sharing. Second, the concern over technological aspects and the lack of attention on social or organizational issues. Third, a conceptual decision to apply a centralized and not a federated digital infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41426280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Examining the value of satellite data in halting transmission of polio in Nigeria: A socioeconomic analysis 检查卫星数据在尼日利亚阻止脊髓灰质炎传播方面的价值:社会经济分析

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.12

M. Borowitz, Janet Zhou, Krystal Azelton, Isabelle Nassar

{"title":"Examining the value of satellite data in halting transmission of polio in Nigeria: A socioeconomic analysis","authors":"M. Borowitz, Janet Zhou, Krystal Azelton, Isabelle Nassar","doi":"10.1017/dap.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2014, Nigeria halted transmission of wild poliovirus for the first time in its history. A critical enabling component in this historic achievement was the use of satellite data to produce more accurate maps and population estimates used in planning and implementing vaccination campaigns. This article employs a value-of-information approach to estimate the net socioeconomic benefits associated with this use of satellite data. We calculate the increase in the likelihood of halting transmission of polio associated with the use of satellite-based information compared to traditional data sources, and we consider the benefits associated with savings to the healthcare system as well as health benefits. Using a conservative approach focused on just 1 year of benefits, we estimate net socioeconomic benefits of between $46.0 million and $153.9 million. In addition to these quantified benefits, we also recognize qualitative benefits associated with improving human health, reaching marginalized communities, and building capacity among local populations. We also explore the substantial benefits associated with follow-on projects that have made use of the satellite-based data products and methodologies originally developed for the Nigeria polio eradication effort.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42622233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The virtuous smart city: Bridging the gap between ethical principles and practices of data-driven innovation 良性智慧城市：弥合数据驱动创新的伦理原则和实践之间的差距

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.9

Viivi Lähteenoja, Kimmo Karhu

{"title":"The virtuous smart city: Bridging the gap between ethical principles and practices of data-driven innovation","authors":"Viivi Lähteenoja, Kimmo Karhu","doi":"10.1017/dap.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For smart cities, data-driven innovation promises societal benefits and increased well-being for residents and visitors. At the same time, the deployment of data-driven innovation poses significant ethical challenges. Although cities and other public-sector actors have increasingly adopted ethical principles, employing them in practice remains challenging. In this commentary, we use a virtue-based approach that bridges the gap between abstract principles and the daily work of practitioners who engage in and with data-driven innovation processes. Inspired by Aristotle, we describe practices of data-driven innovation in a smart city applying the concepts of virtue and phronêsis, meaning good judgment of and sensitivity to ethical issues. We use a dialogic case-study approach to study two cases of data-driven innovation in the city of Helsinki. We then describe as an illustration of how our approach can help bridge the gap between concrete practices of data-driven innovation and high-level principles. Overall, we advance a theoretically grounded, virtue-based approach, which is practice oriented and linked to the daily work of data scientists and other practitioners of data-driven innovation. Further, this approach helps understand the need for and importance of individual application of phronêsis, which is particularly important in public-sector organizations that can experience gaps between principle and practice. This importance is further intensified in cases of data-driven innovation in which, by definition, novel and unknown contexts are explored.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49407359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Open data as an anticorruption tool? Using distributed cognition to understand breakdowns in the creation of transparency data 将数据作为反腐败工具开放？使用分布式认知来理解透明度数据创建中的故障

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.10

Tatiana M. Martinez, E. Whitley

{"title":"Open data as an anticorruption tool? Using distributed cognition to understand breakdowns in the creation of transparency data","authors":"Tatiana M. Martinez, E. Whitley","doi":"10.1017/dap.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the drivers for pushing for open data as a form of corruption control stems from the belief that in making government operations more transparent, it would be possible to hold public officials accountable for how public resources are spent. These large datasets would then be open to the public for scrutiny and analysis, resulting in lower levels of corruption. Though data quality has been largely studied and many advancements have been made, it has not been extensively applied to open data, with some aspects of data quality receiving more attention than others. One key aspect however—accuracy—seems to have been overlooked. This gap resulted in our inquiry: how is accurate open data produced and how might breakdowns in this process introduce opportunities for corruption? We study a government agency situated within the Brazilian Federal Government in order to understand in what ways is accuracy compromised. Adopting a distributed cognition (DCog) theoretical framework, we found that the production of open data is not a neutral activity, instead it is a distributed process performed by individuals and artifacts. This distributed cognitive process creates opportunities for data to be concealed and misrepresented. Two models mapping data production were generated, the combination of which provided an insight into how cognitive processes are distributed, how data flow, are transformed, stored, and processed, and what instances provide opportunities for data inaccuracies and misrepresentations to occur. The results obtained have the potential to aid policymakers in improving data accuracy.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What do data portals do? Tracing the politics of online devices for making data public 数据门户做什么？追踪用于公开数据的在线设备的政治

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.7

Jonathan Gray

引用次数: 1

Responding to the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic with innovative data use: The role of data challenges 用创新的数据使用应对2019冠状病毒病：数据挑战的作用

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.6

Jamie Danemayer, Andrew Young, Siobhan Green, Lydia Ezenwa, Michael Klein

{"title":"Responding to the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic with innovative data use: The role of data challenges","authors":"Jamie Danemayer, Andrew Young, Siobhan Green, Lydia Ezenwa, Michael Klein","doi":"10.1017/dap.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Innovative, responsible data use is a critical need in the global response to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Yet potentially impactful data are often unavailable to those who could utilize it, particularly in data-poor settings, posing a serious barrier to effective pandemic mitigation. Data challenges, a public call-to-action for innovative data use projects, can identify and address these specific barriers. To understand gaps and progress relevant to effective data use in this context, this study thematically analyses three sets of qualitative data focused on/based in low/middle-income countries: (a) a survey of innovators responding to a data challenge, (b) a survey of organizers of data challenges, and (c) a focus group discussion with professionals using COVID-19 data for evidence-based decision-making. Data quality and accessibility and human resources/institutional capacity were frequently reported limitations to effective data use among innovators. New fit-for-purpose tools and the expansion of partnerships were the most frequently noted areas of progress. Discussion participants identified building capacity for external/national actors to understand the needs of local communities can address a lack of partnerships while de-siloing information. A synthesis of themes demonstrated that gaps, progress, and needs commonly identified by these groups are relevant beyond COVID-19, highlighting the importance of a healthy data ecosystem to address emerging threats. This is supported by data holders prioritizing the availability and accessibility of their data without causing harm; funders and policymakers committed to integrating innovations with existing physical, data, and policy infrastructure; and innovators designing sustainable, multi-use solutions based on principles of good data governance.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48605196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is remote measurement a better assessment of internet censorship than expert analysis? Analyzing tradeoffs for international donors and advocacy organizations of current data and methodologies 与专家分析相比，远程测量是对互联网审查的更好评估吗？分析国际捐助者和宣传组织对当前数据和方法的权衡

Data & policy Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2023.5

Terry Fletcher, Andria Hayes-Birchler

{"title":"Is remote measurement a better assessment of internet censorship than expert analysis? Analyzing tradeoffs for international donors and advocacy organizations of current data and methodologies","authors":"Terry Fletcher, Andria Hayes-Birchler","doi":"10.1017/dap.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Donor organizations and multilaterals require ways to measure progress toward the goals of creating an open internet, and condition assistance on recipient governments maintaining access to information online. Because the internet is increasingly becoming a leading tool for exchanging information, authoritarian governments around the world often seek methods to restrict citizens’ access. Two of the most common methods for restricting the internet are shutting down internet access entirely and filtering specific content. We conduct a systematic literature review of articles on the measurement of internet censorship and find that little work has been done comparing the tradeoffs of using different methods to measure censorship on a global scale. We compare the tradeoffs between measuring these phenomena using expert analysis (as measured by Freedom House and V-Dem) and remote measurement with manual oversight (as measured by Access Now and the OpenNet Initiative [ONI]) for donor organizations that want to incentivize and measure good internet governance. We find that remote measurement with manual oversight is less likely to include false positives, and therefore may be more preferable for donor organizations that value verifiability. We also find that expert analysis is less likely to include false negatives, particularly for very repressive regimes in the Middle East and Central Asia and therefore these data may be preferable for advocacy organizations that want to ensure very repressive regimes are not able to avoid accountability, or organizations working primarily in these areas.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46785216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0