Austin journal of public health and epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Attitudes of Lazarski University Medical Students towards Disaster Medicine; Questionnaire Survey","authors":"M. M., M. A., Piotrowska K, Złotorzyńska K, Jabłońsk L, O. P., Gołębiak I","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The paper presents issues related to the deficit in medical student training in the field of disaster medicine. According to Polish medical educational standards, there is no obligation imposed by the legislator to educate future doctors in disaster medicine. However, there is the university’s authorial capacity, which, as exemplified by Lazarski University in Warsaw, has been successfully implemented for teaching students disaster medicine and has demonstrated effectiveness in education in this field. Methods: The study was conducted by means of a diagnostic survey method, using an authorial survey questionnaire. A total of 168 medical students between 2020 and 2022 took part in the survey. The questionnaire contained 10 questions, one- and multiple-choice ones, of which one was about self-assessment. Students completed the questionnaire twice, before and after the disaster medicine course. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate the need for educational standards for issues related to disaster medicine, especially for faculties of medicine, where future doctors will be trained to deal with large numbers of casualties. Students manifest the need for such courses during their studies and as part of postgraduate training.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paricalcitol Ameliorated Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice through MKP-1/P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway","authors":"Liyuan Lv, Guinan Liv, Man Yang, Tao Chen, Xiang Li, Jun Zhang, Jie Liu, Yi Liu","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1139","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Ulcerative Colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease, of which the accurate pathogenesis is not yet well understand. Recently, the Vitamin D/VDR signaling pathway and the activated vitamin D analogues have been proved as playing important role in the pathogenesis of UC. In the present study, our objective was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin D analogues paricalcitol on dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in a mouse model. Methods: We evaluated the effects of the activated vitamin D analogues paricalcitol on the development of Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-(DSS)-induced colitis. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by the Disease Activity Index (DAI) and tissue samples were evaluated by Histopathological Scoring (HS). Meanwhile, the mucosal mRNA expression of cytokines, Tumor Necrosis Factoralpha (TNF-a), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-17 (IL-17) were analyzed by real-time semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The mucosal protein VDR, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (P38-MAPK) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expressions of the vitamin D/VDR signaling pathway were analyzed using Western blot. Results: The results showed that the weight loss and colon length shortening of DSS-induced mice were significantly improved after paricalcitol treatment. In addition, both DAI and HS were significantly reduced. Paricalcitol down regulated the mucosal expression of messenger RNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-17. Both VDR protein expression and MKP-1 level increased, whereas the mucosal expression of p38-MAPK was found to be decreased. Conclusion: Activated Vitamin D analogues paricalcitol can ameliorate the development of DSS-induced colitis through the Vitamin D/VDR signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45455528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis in Regional Australia: Ectopic Pregnancy Complicating Indolent Genital Tract Disease","authors":"X. B, Brown C, A. A, McCully B","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1140","url":null,"abstract":"Female genital Tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon in Australia. It may, however, be a rarely considered cause of infertility and early pregnancy failure. We report the case of a 19-year-old migrant woman living in regional Australia who presented with ectopic pregnancy following prior treatment for genital tuberculosis. We highlight the vulnerability of migrant and indigenous Australians to chronic disease, the barriers that affect successful treatment and the strategies needed to mitigate disparity of healthcare providers not otherwise encountered in metropolitan populations.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41433228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Count Score and Cardiovascular Events in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"L. L, Y. Y, Luo T, F. M., Z. Y., Tian Lq, Wu Q, L. J., Liu F, Liu W, Yang L, X. J, Y. Y","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1138","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Evaluating the nutritional status of patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) based on CONUT score to explore its relationship with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in MHD patients. Methods: Baseline data of new-coming MHD patients hospital hemodialysis center of our hospital undergoing hemodialysis treatment for the first time from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2020 was collected. Cardiovascular events were used as the end point. Patients were divided into three groups according to CONUT score: normal nutrition group (CONUT score 0-1), mild malnutrition group (CONUT score 2-4) and moderate to severe malnutrition group (CONUT score ≥5), and the differences of clinical data and prognosis among the three groups were compared. The risk factors of cardiovascular events in MHD patients were determined by Logistic regression analysis, and the predictive ability of the risk factors was observed with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: A total of 424 MHD patients were included. According to the CONUT score, 31 (7.3%) patients were in the normal nutrition group, 160 (37.7%) patients in the mild malnutrition group, and 233 (55.0%) patients in the moderate to severe malnutrition group. A total of 159 patients had cardiovascular events, including 3 cases (9.7%) in the normal nutrition group, 38 cases (23.8%) in the mild malnutrition group, and 118 cases (50.6%) in the moderate to severe malnutrition group. The worse the nutritional status of patients is, the higher the incidence rate of cardiovascular events is (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that CONUT score and age were independently correlated with cardiovascular events in MHD patients (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that CONUT score and age predicted cardiovascular events in MHD patients with areas under the curve were 0.683 (95% CI: 0.632-0.735, P<0.001) and 0.702 (95% CI: 0.702), respectively. 0.652 -- 0.753, P<0.001), the optimal cut-off points were 4.5 (≥5 in combination) and 68.5, the sensitivity were 74.2% and 49.1%, and the specificity was 56.6% and 81.1%, respectively. Conclusion: There is a certain correlation between CONUT score the happening of cardiovascular events and MHD patients.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44684669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimalresistive Force Selection and Upper Body Contribution in the Assessment of Power during High Intensity Cycle Ergometry: An Unresolved Issue","authors":"Baker Js, T. D","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2023.1137","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to outline and comment on the issue of optimal resistive force selection and the upper body contribution during high intensity performance using cycle ergometers. The paper provides an historical perspective of the experimental research in developing optimal resistive forces, and the upper body contribution to the test. To date, these issues are still unresolved and further work is needed to provide valid and reliable optimal resistive forces, and to consider the upper body contribution during anaerobic performance assessment of specific subject populations. Studies are needed to identify the optimal resistive force and velocity for subjects who span a wide range of body masses and abilities. These studies should include athletes of various specialties and proficiency. Further to this, the studies should also explore individuals with disabilities and muscular and neurovascular disorders such as, obesity, muscular sclerosis and muscular dystrophy.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49051218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Preparedness among Nepalese Residing in Japan: a Mini-Review","authors":"Bhandari Akc, Takahashi O","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1136","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of natural disasters has shown prolific increment in last few years with Asia being one of the regions with highest occurrence of disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides and so on. Nepalese immigrants are highly increasing in Japan hence the objective of this study was to identify the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of disaster preparedness among them. A structured questionnaire was used and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice. Total of 404 Nepalese participated in this study and we identified that Nepalese immigrants has lower practice of natural disaster preparedness. We also identified that Japanese language is the biggest barrier for Nepalese to seek correct information on disaster preparedness. Thus, Japan government in light of growing immigrant population should think about policies to include information related to natural disasters in Nepali language into their official websites in order to increase their KAP on disaster preparedness.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49652130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy-Induced Proinflammatory Immunological Tone and Gut Microbiota Profile are not Reversed at the Delivery","authors":"Hermansson H, Rautava S, Löyttyniemi E, Salminen S, Isolauri E","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1135","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is associated with an increased production of pro-inflammatory factors and concomitant modifications in the gut microbiota composition. The persistence of these pregnancy-associated immunologic and gut microbiota profiles was assessed in 43 women. In the postpartum period the gut microbiota composition remained relatively unchanged while the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines continued to increase.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46545451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pros and Cons of Infectious Outbreak and Pandemic Driven Ruralisation","authors":"Phukon Jc, Sastry Gn","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1134","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases played a major role and have influenced modern society, culture, and farming practices. The threat posed by emerging zoo noses to the world’s economy, health and safety is tremendous and the way Covid-19 pandemic have disrupted the civilisation is a complete failure and exposes the vulnerabilities of twenty first century. The frequency of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) and there is increased burden of economic loss. The emergence of these diseases is frequently caused by interactions between human, wild animals, and domestic animals as well as by rapidly changing environmental conditions. As pandemic redefines the living style there is different patterns of adaptation of the human beings. This article examines the driving forces responsible for emerging infectious pandemic and its impact on lives and livelihood of people. The preventive measures to tackle with EIDs are explained and how new norms are to be adopted for better co habiting with other species.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46241367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and Occupational Factors Affecting Fatigue and Social Support among Nurses in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Theofilou P, Tzavella F, Zyga S","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1132","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is the investigation of the levels of fatigue and social support in nursing staff working in the Emergency Department of General Hospitals in the broader area of Athens. Moreover, the impact of demographic and occupational factors on fatigue and social support was examined. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study including 62 nurses who completed the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Based on the results, males presented higher score of mental fatigue compared to females (p=0,015) while nurses with master or PhD degree appeared to have more support from their family in comparison to those with lower educational level (p=0,040). Further, the results demonstrated a statistically significant and negative correlation between working hours per week and the perceived social support from friends (r= -0,302, p=0,021) as well as the total social support (r= -0,296, p=0,024). The findings show that there is a strong effect of demographic and occupational factors on fatigue and social support among nurses.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel Barriers to Access Health and HIV Care Among African, Caribbean, and Black Men and Youths in Ottawa, Ontario: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Gebremeskel At, Kakuru Dm, Etowa Jb","doi":"10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2022.1131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ontario is home to the largest proportion of African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) people living in Canada. This group isdisproportionately affected by the HIV pandemic. However, there is limited evidence on how multilevel barriersintersect and mutually reinforce each other to restrict access to health and HIV care. This paper examines multilevel barriers to access health and HIV carebased on the lived experiences of ACB people in Ottawa and Ontario. Method: We conducted community based qualitative study with selfidentified ACB men aged 16 and over, living in Ottawa. Our approach is informed by intersectionality theory and Socio-Ecological Model (SEM). A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants. We conducted six Focus Group Discussions and 16 In-depth Interviews. Sixty-three people participated in this study. N Vivo software was used for data management and thematic analysis. Results: Six major themes were identified including barriers to access health and HIV care among heterosexual ACB men in Ottawa and Ontario, which is the focus of this paper. This theme is discussed through three subthemes:( 1)individual level low economic, knowledge,and racial identity;(2) community-level lack of culturally responsive services, few community leaders and lack of neighbourhood resources;and (3) system-level embedded discriminatory policies and practices, anti-Black racism, and traumasand legacies of colonialism. Conclusion: Addressing health inequality and enhancing the accessibility and provision of healthcare for ACB populations in Ontario is critical for their health and well-being. An inter sectionality lens and SEM should be given priority to guide understanding of the causes of inequities and the complex ways multilevel barriers to access healthcare relates, intersects, and mutually reinforces one another. Multiple level strategies with strong emphasis at a systemic level, and culturally appropriate approaches are crucial to address barriers while enhancing collaboration among multilevel stakeholders including heterosexual ACB men’s and ACB organizations.","PeriodicalId":93417,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of public health and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41915892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}