Bulletin of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Radioactive background radiation measurement in Mureş county","authors":"Barna Madaras, Z. Szakács, Gellért-Gedeon Deák, J. Szakács","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From the beginning, there has always been radiation in the Universe. Most people are unaware of it, even though it is around us all the time, and can have many negative effects on our bodies. In the long term, it can lead to the development of various diseases. The natural background radiation includes cosmic radiation, plus radiation from radioactive elements present in the soil, atmosphere, and living organisms. A significant, measurable fraction of this is gamma radiation. Artificial radioactive isotopes can be used in a variety of applications, such as space research, sterilization, and medical diagnostic imaging. Our objective is to measure the dose equivalent rate from the gamma fraction of background radiation in Mureş county, in open and closed spaces, and in frequently visited areas. The measurements were performed with a Gamma Scout dosimeter. The measured average dose equivalent rates are 0.104 µSv/h in Târgu Mureş, 0.111 µSv/h in Reghin, 0.112 µSv/h in Sovata, 0.091 µSv/h in Tarnaveni, 0.095 µSv/h in Ludus and 0.067 µSv/h in the Upper-Mureş Nature Park. Based on the measurements, the calculated mean annual dose is 0.884 mSv/year. According to the data based on the measurements, the dose equivalent rates measured in Mureş county do not pose a risk to our health.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89895419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the sun protection factor of sunscreens","authors":"Kinda Andrea, Berze Boglárka-Katalin, Fogarasi Erzsébet, Sipos Emese, Fülöp Ibolya","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Proper sun protection plays a key role in protecting against the harmful effects of UV radiation from the sun. Using sunscreen products protects the skin from sunburn, prevents it from ageing and reduces the risk of skin cancer. The aim of this research is to measure the sun protection factor (SPF) of commercially available products and compare it with the SPF value on the packaging. We also looked at whether the ratio and combination of sunscreen ingredients affect the effectiveness of the product. The SPF values of eight sun-screen products were tested. The value was determined using an in vitro method based on absorbance measurements with a UV spectrophotometer. Based on the results obtained, the actual SPF values of the products were calculated using Mansur’s formula. The SPF values we determined differed by 46.82% on average from the values indicated on the packaging of the sunscreen products. For those products where the SPF value on the packaging was higher (SPF 50), a larger deviation from the measured values was observed, but some deviation was observed for all products tested. However, the combination and proportion of substances in the products did not influence the differences obtained.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"64 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84201927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alzheimer’s disease beyond the amyloid accumulation","authors":"M. Urkon, E. Nagy","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Alzheimer’s disease represents one of the unsolved problems of modern medicine, which assumes a significant financial burden in the research, medical, and social fields as well. Treatments intended for preventing and slowing neurodegenerative processes are the subject of a considerable amount of research and clinical trials, but the results are still insignificant regarding the clinical applicability. Initially, we believed that slow neurodegeneration can be traced back entirely to the accumulation of β-amyloid proteins with atypical structure and behavior in certain areas of the brain. This theory was constantly supplemented by the observation of intracellularly aggregating neurofibrillary tangles and the formulation of neuroinflammatory mechanisms. In this regard Alzheimer’s disease-associated neuroinflammation is an immunological response to the presence of β-amyloid oligomers, which initially leads to microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine release. Over time, this process becomes chronic, extending to astrocytes, neurons, and brain microvascularization, and leading to functional impairment, which is clinically manifested in cognitive and memory deficits. The defined central role of neuroinflammation was overturned by the therapeutic failure of drugs with anti-inflammatory capacity. Subsequently, our knowledge was completed by the recognition of how oxidative stress and the altered brain insulin signaling influences metabolic processes, opening new perspectives for drug development. Despite this, new drug candidates are successively failing, as complex regulatory mechanisms have been identified that question the initial triggering role of the β-amyloid and the final impairing effect of the inflammation. The aim of this study is to summarize and present the biochemical and pathophysiological knowledge that contributed to the currently available more comprehensive picture and a more detailed understanding of the processes of Alzheimer’s disease. Properly planned and executed preclinical experiments are essential to establish further clinical conclusions. By the comparison of the currently used rodent models, we tried to draw attention to the complexity of animal experiments and the importance of their multi-level (behavioral, biochemical, histological) evaluation.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"11 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85217056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality by design-based method development for the determination of related substances of ezetimibe by high performance liquid chromatography","authors":"E. Ferencz, E. Sipos, É. Kelemen, Mona Obreja, M. Urkon, G. Tóth, Z. Szabó","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pharmaceutical industry is one of the fastest developing industries, and therefore, the chromatographic methods used to ensure the quality of products are constantly evolving, based on current regulatory requirements. Relevant guidelines state that a good understanding of the effects of all parameters on method performance should be predicted and controlled to ensure that test methods are safe and reliable. This quality by design-based approach is increasingly applied in chromatography. One of the pillars of this method development is the design space that results from pre-designed and systematically realized experiments, which contributes to a better understanding of the separation processes and provides flexibility and robustness to the final method. Modeling softwarewares can be used to experimental design and data evaluation, providing possibilities that empirical development does not allow, such as predicting optimal operating conditions or in silico robustness testing, to understand the separation process. This paper describes the steps of chromatographic method development according to the ICH Q14 guideline, keeping in mind the quality by design principles and taking advantage of the possibilities offered by the DryLab chromatographic modeling software. As an example, the development of an analytical method for the determination of the related substances of ezetimibe is presented, including the design of experiments, method optimization, robustness testing, validation, method specification and lifecycle management, and finally testing of the method applicability. We have demonstrated that experimental design-based retention modeling is an effective way of method development, and the in silico robustness testing is a reliable approach to identifying critical method parameters and setting up control strategies. In chromatographic method development, instead of using a rigid system based on strict and fixed rules, the understanding of separation processes offers higher flexibility. This paper aims to present and promote this new approach to those involved in chromatographic method development.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"31 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79909922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of pulmonary complications in patients referred to the intensive care unit","authors":"Tanko Balázs, Ráduly Gergő, Kovács Judit","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Respiratory complications in the intensive care unit are important because of their frequency and their negative impact on the course of the underlying disease. One of the main risk factors for these complications is mechanical ventilation, which is often applied in critically ill patients. Our aim was to determine the incidence, risk factors and the impact of respiratory complications on the prognosis in the patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Material and method: In our retrospective study we included adult patients who spent at least 5 days in the intensive care unit of the Emergency County Hospital Târgu Mureș between 1st of January- 30th of April 2019, we excluded patients who were referred with any respiratory pathology. Results: Of the 75 patients included 49% developed respiratory complications, 56% of which were pneumonia. We observed an association between the development of complications and smoking (p= 0.0103) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (p= 0.0255). ICU admission was significantly longer in patients with respiratory complications (p=0.0010). Conclusions: The incidence of pulmonary complications is high among patients referred to intensive care units and has a significant impact on the length of hospital stay.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":"74 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74105620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclodextrin-based nanofibers obtained by electrospinning","authors":"Bucur Pálma, Fülöp Ibolya, Sipos Emese, Szabó Zoltán-István","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of our research was to prepare polymer-free hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-(HPβCD) and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD) based nanofibers. For this purpose, four-four viscous, aqueous solutions were prepared with different concentrations from each cyclodextrin derivative, with the following concentrations: 170, 180, 190 and 200% (v/w) from HPβCD and: 210, 220, 230 and 240% (v/w) from SBEβCD. The parameters for the electrospinning process were: 1.5 ml/h flowrate, 22-24 G sized needle, and an applied voltage of 25 kV. The distance between the needle and the collector was 13-15 cm in the case of HPβCD, and 9-11 cm in the case of SBEβCD. The obtained nanofibers were morphologically characterized and their dis-integration process was also tracked. Then, the results obtained were compared within each cyclodextrin group, in order to identify optimal spinning parameters and they were also discussed, based on previous reports. From our results, we concluded that the 200% HPβCD solution is the most effective for nanofiber formation, producing smooth, homogenous fibers with small diameters, which present ideal disintegration properties. At the tested voltages, it was not possible to form ideal nanofibers from SBEβCD, however, we managed to form some nanofibers with acceptable quality, and the ones made out from the 240% solution of the SBEβCD were the most suitable.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"118 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82522422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and pharmacological characterization of anthelmintic benzimidazoles","authors":"Kelemen Hajnal, Mărcuțiu Petra Edina, Rausz Adrienn, Papp Lajos-Attila","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Benzimidazoles, which interfere with the complex life cycle of worms, are essential in the treatment of helminthiasis. Four benzimidazole antihelmintics have been used in human therapy: albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, triclabendazole. The history, representatives, synthesis, physicochemical properties, structure-activity relationships of anthelmintic benzimidazoles are presented in the review, as well as the pharmacological properties and mechanism of action of these agents. In the last decade, benzimidazole carbamate-structured anthelmintics have also been studied for their antitumor activity.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"88 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86813614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoltán Vámossy, versatile and active medical professor of the Institute of Pharmacy","authors":"Péter H. Mária","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Zoltán Vámossy (1868–1953), with Transylvanian roots, became a doctor 130 years ago, in 1891, at the University of Budapest. Later, from 1898, he was appointed a private university professor of Pharmacology, from 1908 a public university professor, and from 1920 to 1938 he was director of the Institute of pharmacology. In the meantime, from 1922 to 1924, he also held the position of dean of the Faculty of Medicine. He was elected a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences on May 5, 1920, but on April 23, 1948 his membership was terminated for political reasons. It was not restored until after his death, on 9 May 1991. Afterwards he taught even in the 1945/46 school year. He was an understanding and helpful instructor for the university students, so he was respected, appreciated, and loved. His professional life was filled with university education, academic work, and editorial duties. He wrote books to promote education, for example he translated into Hungarian a book written by Arnold Cloetta and Wilhelm Filehne in 1881, entitled Lehrbuch der Arzneimittellehre und Arzneiverordnungslehre. This was published in 1894 in Budapest under the title Gyógyszertan tankönyv (Pharmacology Textbook). In 1907 he published his own book Mérgezésekről (On Poisonings), and in 1908 Gyógyszertan orvostanhallgatók és orvosok számára (Pharmacology for medical students and physicians). The latter’s ninth, expanded and revised edition appeared in 1944. Medical students in Hungary and Transylvania learned from this for decades. In 1933 he was appointed chairman of the editorial board of the IV. Magyar Gyógyszerkönyv. His editorial work is also significant. From 1909 to 1944 he was the commissioned editor of the new course of the Magyar Orvosi Archivum (Hungarian Medical Archive), and from 1923 to 1944 he was the editor-in-chief of the Orvosi Hetilap (Medical Weekly). During this time, many of his writings were published here. In December 1927 issue, he announced that certain issues of the Orvosi Hetilap would be supplemented by a permanent supplement entitled Az Orvosi Gyakorlat Kérdései (Questions of Medical Practice). In 1940, in parallel with the Medical Weekly, he founded the monthly Orvostudományi Közlemények (Medical Gazette), which was published until the end of 1944. He strived for the correct use of the Hungarian medical language in all his writings..","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"233 1","pages":"97 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80469483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis of the predictive factors of mortality in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia","authors":"Moriczi Renáta, Daniealopol Ruxandra, Kiss Botond István, Daniealopol Valentin, Reman Loránd-Tibor, Neagoe Radu, T. Arpad","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The acute mesenteric ischemia is a rare life-threatening surgical condition, followed by high mortality and morbidity rate. Disparate etiologies and nonspecific symptoms make the diagnosis and the surgery delayed, which leads to a higher mortality rate (60-80%). Methods: This research was designed as a retrospective study, including a total of 86 patients operated for acute mesenteric ischemia between 2014 and 2020 at the 2nd Department of Surgery in Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital. We recorded and analyzed the demographic, clinical, pre-operative radiological and laboratory, and surgical findings of the patients. Results: We analyzed the findings of 86 patients (59,3% men, 40,7% women), the mortality rate was 77,9% (77% in women, 78% in men), and the average age was 76,81 years. The youngest patient was 39 years old and the oldest was 96 in the moment of the diagnosis. The mortality rate was higher (93%) in patients, who suffered just an explorative laparotomy surgery (in 50% of the cases, p=0,001, Chi-squared test). The presence of the peritonitis (12 cases) had a negative impact on the survival rate, every patient who had peritonitis described on the computed tomography died after the surgical intervention (p=0,047, Chi-square test). Statistically, there was not a positive relationship between the time spent in the Emergency Room and the mortality rate, but this time was much longer in the group of patients who died after the surgery, 408,22 minutes, compared to the group of the patients who survived, 352,47 minutes (p=0,431, T-test). The survival rate was higher in patients who had abdominal surgery in the personal history (p=0,021, Chi-square test). Conclusions: The symptoms and the paraclinical findings of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia are not specific, so the fast radiological examinations and the optimal time for the surgical intervention represent the key of the improvement of the survival rate.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"130 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79124206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting up a personalized regenerative diet for Romanian patients with cervical cancer based on a regional preventive screening program","authors":"Fazakas Zita, M. Julia, C. Judit, Tarcea Monica, C. Uzun, Nemes-Nagy Enikő","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cancer is a common disease that people dread, and most of them fully believe that they will be sentenced to death along with the diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to set up a dietary survey and nutritional therapy pattern that can be used in Romania for patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, that will contribute to a better management of the mentioned disease cervical cancer. This diet therapy can help patients to recover easily from cervical cancer, prevent cancer weakening and weight loss, and to fight strenuous medical treatments that can further worsen their overall condition and quality of life. Furthermore, this nutrition intervention can reduce malnutrition outcomes and establishes a diet plan that makes easier for the patients to endure the symptoms and reduces the side effects of multiple cancer treatments. The backbone of our paper was the National Cancer Institute’s Nutritional PDQ (Physician Data Query), an american institute that conducts cancer screening and daily information of cancer researchers along with other recent literature sources.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"81 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85582513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}