Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)最新文献

{"title":"The origin of mirror symmetry in high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.","authors":"Dmitry A Cheshkov, Dmitry O Sinitsyn","doi":"10.5194/mr-7-15-2026","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-7-15-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A connection between the symmetry of high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, including higher-order spectra, and the properties of the spin system has been established. It is shown that, for a spectrum to be symmetric about the mid-resonance frequency ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>ν</mi> <mn>0</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ), two conditions must be satisfied: (1) the resonance frequencies of the spins must be symmetrically positioned about <math> <mrow><msub><mi>ν</mi> <mn>0</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , and (2) there must exist at least one spin ordering with a monotonic increase (or decrease) in resonance frequencies such that the spectrum is invariant under the reflection of the <math><mi>J</mi></math> -coupling matrix about its anti-diagonal (one way to satisfy this condition is for the <math><mi>J</mi></math> -coupling matrix to be explicitly persymmetric). The results were validated by calculating theoretical spectra for three-, four-, five-, and six-spin systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"7 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust bilinear rotations II.","authors":"Yannik T Woordes, Burkhard Luy","doi":"10.5194/mr-7-1-2026","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-7-1-2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bilinear rotations are essential building blocks in modern NMR spectroscopy. They allow the rotation of an isolated spin without couplings (i.e., bilinear interactions) in one way, while rotating spins with a matched coupling in another way. Different classes of rotations form the different bilinear rotations, with the acronyms BIRD, TANGO, BANGO, and BIG-BIRD. All original elements have in common hard pulses limiting bandwidths and defined rotations for coupled spins that are possible only for a narrow range of coupling constants. We recently introduced the COB-BIRD with a general optimization procedure to obtain robust bilinear rotations that are well compensated for couplings, offsets, and B₁ inhomogeneities . Here we show a fundamental principle on how the COB-BIRD can be used to construct all types of bilinear rotations, with the same improved robustness covering a coupling range of 120-250 Hz. In addition, a construction principle for universal rotation pulses is adapted to produce bilinear rotations from INEPT-type transfer elements, allowing the construction of bilinear rotations also for higher coupling ranges from, for example, COB3-INEPT, with coupling compensation in the range of 120-750 Hz. After introducing the two fundamental design principles, example sequences of the four classes of bilinear rotations and different degrees of robustness are derived and characterized in theory and experiment. In addition, a highly useful HMBC/ASAP-HSQC-IPE-COSY supersequence is introduced with a (COB-)BANGO element for Ernst-angle-type excitation. Finally, BIRD-decoupled <math><mi>J</mi></math> -resolved INEPT experiments with extreme compensation for partially aligned samples, with total couplings ranging from 47 Hz up to 434 Hz, are demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12919721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static-gradient NMR imaging for depth-resolved molecular diffusion in amorphous regions in semicrystalline poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film.","authors":"Natsuki Kawabata, Naoki Asakawa, Teruo Kanki","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-317-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-317-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding spatially heterogeneous molecular diffusion in semicrystalline polymers is critical for elucidating interfacial dynamics in soft materials. This study employs static-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to capture the depth-resolved translational motion of polymer chains in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. By focusing on spin-spin relaxation behavior in amorphous regions near crystalline lamellae, we identify multiple diffusion regimes consistent with Bloch-Torrey analysis. The results reveal that molecular mobility at the substrate interface of PTFE film, immobilized on a glass substrate using epoxy resin, is significantly constrained, likely due to interfacial pinning, while the air-side surface shows signs of enhanced mobility. Our findings highlight the utility of static-gradient field NMR for probing nanoscale dynamical heterogeneity in semicrystalline systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"317-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12874080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized shaped pulses for a 2D single-frequency technique for refocusing (SIFTER).","authors":"Paul A S Trenkler, Burkhard Endeward, Snorri T Sigurdsson, Thomas F Prisner","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-281-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-281-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fast and accurate arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) for generating shaped pulses in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) have been commercially available for over a decade now. However, while the use of chirp pulses as inversion pulses in pulsed electron double resonance (PELDOR) experiments has become common, their application for generating broadband phase-sensitive transverse magnetization is not widely adopted within the community. Here, we give a detailed insight into optimization procedures and instrumental challenges when using chirped pulses for broadband Fourier transform (FT) detection of electron spin echo signals, particularly the two-dimensional frequency-correlated single-frequency technique for refocusing (SIFTER) experiment. To better understand the influence of chirped pulses on the generation of broadband transverse magnetization, we investigated the phase and amplitude of chirped echoes for different time bandwidth products while varying the number of refocusing pulses, particularly under the influence of <math> <mrow><msub><mi>B</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> inhomogeneity. Following our optimization procedures, we were able to perform EPR-correlated 2D-SIFTER measurements using rigid nitroxide spin labels on an RNA duplex. Finally, we also demonstrate the first experiments with two novel SIFTER pulse sequences, which could be of interest for the detection of either shorter or longer distances.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"281-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12765274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-lived states involving a manifold of fluorine-19 spins in fluorinated aliphatic chains.","authors":"Coline Wiame, Sebastiaan Van Dyck, Kirill Sheberstov, Aiky Razanahoera, Geoffrey Bodenhausen","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-273-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-273-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Long-lived states</i> (LLSs) have lifetimes <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mi>LLS</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> that exceed longitudinal spin-lattice relaxation times <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> . In this study, lifetimes <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mi>LLS</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> (¹⁹F) have been measured in three different achiral per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) containing two or three consecutive CF₂ groups. In a static magnetic field <math> <mrow><msub><mi>B</mi> <mn>0</mn></msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>11.7</mn></mrow> </math> T, the lifetimes <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mi>LLS</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> (¹⁹F) exceed the longitudinal relaxation times <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> <msup><mo>(</mo> <mn>19</mn></msup> </mrow> </math> F) by about a factor of 2. The lifetimes <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mi>LLS</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> (¹⁹F) can be strongly affected by binding to macromolecules, a feature that can be exploited for the screening of fluorinated drugs. Both <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mi>LLS</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> (¹⁹F) and <math> <mrow><msub><mi>T</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> (¹⁹F) should be longer at lower fields where relaxation due to the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of ¹⁹F is less effective, which is demonstrated here by running experiments at two fields of 11.7 and 7 T.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12753152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>γ</i> effects identify preferentially populated rotamers of CH₂F groups: side-chain conformations of fluorinated valine analogues in a protein.","authors":"Elwy H Abdelkader, Nicholas F Chilton, Ansis Maleckis, Gottfried Otting","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-257-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-257-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using cell-free protein synthesis, the protein G B1 domain (GB1) was prepared with uniform high-level substitution of valine by (2 <math><mi>S</mi></math> ,3 <math><mi>S</mi></math> )-4-fluorovaline, (2 <math><mi>S</mi></math> ,3 <math><mi>R</mi></math> )-4-fluorovaline or 4,4'-difluorovaline. The <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>19</mn></msup> <mi>F</mi></mrow> </math> nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals are distributed over a wide spectral range. The fluorinated samples maintain the relative <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>1</mn></msup> <mi>H</mi></mrow> </math> chemical shifts of the wild-type protein, opening a convenient route to assign the <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>19</mn></msup> <mi>F</mi></mrow> </math> -NMR signals. For the singly fluorinated residues, the <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>13</mn></msup> <mi>C</mi></mrow> </math>  chemical shifts of the remaining <math> <mrow><msub><mi>CH</mi> <mn>3</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> group are subject to a <math><mi>γ</mi></math> effect that depends on the population of different rotameric states of the <math> <mrow><msub><mi>CH</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mi>F</mi></mrow> </math> group and correlates with <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>3</mn></msup> <msub><mi>J</mi> <mi>FC</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> coupling constants. In addition, the preferentially populated rotamers are reflected by the <math><mi>γ</mi></math> -gauche effect on <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>19</mn></msup> <mi>F</mi></mrow> </math> chemical shifts, which correlates with <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>3</mn></msup> <msub><mi>J</mi> <mi>HF</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> couplings. Some of the side-chain conformations determined by these restraints position the fluorine atom near a backbone carbonyl group, a non-intuitive finding that has previously been observed in the high-resolution crystal structure of a different protein. Through-space scalar <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>19</mn></msup> <mi>F</mi></mrow> </math> - <math> <mrow><msup><mi></mi> <mn>19</mn></msup> <mi>F</mi></mrow> </math> couplings due to transient fluorine-fluorine contacts are observed between residues 39 and 54.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"257-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12753139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: the case of NMR meetings.","authors":"Lucky N Kapoor, Natália Ružičková, Predrag Živadinović, Valentin Leitner, Maria Anna Sisak, Cecelia Mweka, Jeroen Dobbelaere, Georgios Katsaros, Paul Schanda","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-243-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-243-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conference travel contributes to the climate footprint of academic research. Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the carbon emissions associated with conference attendance by analyzing travel data from participants of 10 international conferences in the field of magnetic resonance, namely EUROMAR, ENC and ICMRBS. We find that attending a EUROMAR conference produces, on average, more than 1 t <math> <mrow><msub><mi>CO</mi> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mi>eq</mi> <mo>.</mo></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> . For the analyzed conferences outside Europe, the corresponding value is about 2-3 times higher, on average, with intercontinental trips amounting to up to 5 t. We compare these conference-related emissions to other activities associated with research and show that conference travel is a substantial portion of the total climate footprint of a researcher in magnetic resonance. We explore several strategies to reduce these emissions, including the impact of selecting conference venues more strategically and the possibility of decentralized conferences. Through a detailed comparison of train versus air travel - accounting for both direct and infrastructure-related emissions - we demonstrate that train travel offers considerable carbon savings. These data may provide a basis for strategic choices of future conferences in the field and for individuals deciding on their conference attendance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"243-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12658769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast sample shuttle to couple high and low magnetic fields and applications in high-resolution relaxometry.","authors":"Jorge A Villanueva-Garibay, Andreas Tilch, Ana Paula Aguilar Alva, Guillaume Bouvignies, Frank Engelke, Fabien Ferrage, Agnes Glémot, Ulric B le Paige, Giulia Licciardi, Claudio Luchinat, Giacomo Parigi, Philippe Pelupessy, Enrico Ravera, Alessandro Ruda, Lucas Siemons, Olof Stenström, Jean-Max Tyburn","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-229-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-229-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combining high-resolution high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with an evolution of spin systems at a low magnetic field offers many opportunities for the investigation of molecular motions and hyperpolarization and the exploration of field-dependent spin dynamics. Fast and reproducible transfer between high and low fields is required to minimize polarization losses due to longitudinal relaxation. Here, we introduce a new design of a sample shuttle that achieves remarkably high speeds ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>v</mi> <mi>max</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> <math><mo>∼</mo></math> 27 m s^-1). This hybrid pneumatic-mechanical apparatus is compatible with conventional probes at the high-field center. We show applications in water relaxometry in solutions of paramagnetic ions, high-resolution proton relaxometry of a small molecule, and sample shuttling of a solution of a 42 kDa protein. Importantly, this fast sample shuttle (FSS) system is narrow, with a diameter of <math><mi>d</mi></math> <math><mo>=</mo></math> 6 mm for the sample shuttle container based on a standard 5 mm outer diameter glass tube, which should allow near access to the sample for magnetic manipulation at a low field.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"229-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can label or protein deuteration extend the phase relaxation time of Gd(III) spin labels?","authors":"Elena Edinach, Xing Zhang, Chao-Yu Cui, Yin Yang, George Mitrikas, Alexey Bogdanov, Xun-Cheng Su, Daniella Goldfarb","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-211-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-211-2025","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pulse-dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance (PD-EPR) has emerged as an effective tool in structural biology, enabling distance measurements between spin labels attached to biomolecules. The sensitivity and accessible distance range of these measurements are governed by the phase memory time ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) of the spin labels. Understanding the decoherence mechanisms affecting &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; is crucial for optimizing sample preparation and spin-label design. This study investigates the phase relaxation behavior of two Gd(III) spin-label complexes, Gd-PyMTA and Gd-TPMTA, with various degrees of deuteration. These two complexes have significantly different zero-field-splitting (ZFS) parameters. Hahn echo decay and dynamical decoupling (DD) measurements were performed at W-band (95 GHz) in deuterated solvents (D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; glycerol-d&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;), both for the free complexes and when conjugated to proteins. The impact of temperature, concentration, and field position within the EPR spectrum on &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; was examined. Results indicate that protons within 5 Å of the Gd(III) ion do not contribute to nuclear spin diffusion (NSD), and protein deuteration offers minimal enhancement in &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; . The dominant phase relaxation mechanisms identified at low concentrations were direct spin-lattice relaxation ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) and transient ZFS (tZFS) fluctuations. Dynamical decoupling (DD) measurements, using the Carr-Purcell sequence with &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 140 refocusing pulses, resolved the presence of two populations: one with a long phase relaxation time, &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and the other with a short one, &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; . The dominating mechanism for the slowly relaxing population is direct- &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; . &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; showed no concentration dependence and was longer by a factor of about 2 than &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; for both complexes. We tentatively assign the increase in &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; to full suppression of the residual indirect- &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; -induced spectral diffusion and NSD mechanisms. For the fast-relaxing population, &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; is shorter for Gd-TPMTA; therefore, we assign it to populations ","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"211-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12753153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated manufacturing process for sustainable prototyping of nuclear magnetic resonance transceivers.","authors":"Sagar Wadhwa, Nan Wang, Klaus-Martin Reichert, Manuel Butzer, Omar Nassar, Mazin Jouda, Jan G Korvink, Ulrich Gengenbach, Dario Mager, Martin Ungerer","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-199-2025","DOIUrl":"10.5194/mr-6-199-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Additive manufacturing has enabled rapid prototyping of components with minimum investment in specific fabrication infrastructure. These tools allow for a fast iteration from design to functional prototypes within days or even hours. Such prototyping technologies exist in many fields, including three-dimensional mechanical components and printed electric circuit boards (PCBs) for electrical connectivity, to mention two. In the case of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, one needs the combination of both fields; we need to fabricate three-dimensional electrically conductive tracks as coils that are wrapped around a sample container. Fabricating such structures is difficult (e.g., six-axis micro-milling) or simply not possible with conventional methods. In this paper, we modified an additive manufacturing method that is based on the extrusion of conductive ink to fast-prototype solenoidal coil designs for NMR. These NMR coils need to be as close to the sample as possible and, by their shape, have specific inductive values. The performance of the designs was first investigated using electromagnetic field simulations and circuit simulations. The coil found to have optimal parameters for NMR was fabricated by extrusion printing, and its performance was tested in a 1.05 <math><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow> </math> imaging magnet. The objective is to demonstrate reproducible rapid prototyping of complicated designs with high precision that, as a side effect, hardly produces material waste during production.</p>","PeriodicalId":93333,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)","volume":"6 2","pages":"199-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}