Bulletin of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"The oldest palaeoloricate mollusc (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4; North Greenland) and its bearing on aculiferan evolution","authors":"J. S. Peel","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1779","url":null,"abstract":"In the Aculifera Conchifera model of molluscan evolution, spiculate aplacophorans and polyplacophorans with a dorsal series of shell plates are recognised as sister groups within the Glade Aculifer ...","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 100 million-year-old snake-fly larva with an unusually large antenna","authors":"J. Haug, P. Müller, C. Haug","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44563766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Homerian (Silurian) Pristiograptus from the Zdanów section, Bardo Mountains (Sudetes, Poland) and their palaeobiogeographical implications","authors":"S. Radzevičius, P. Raczyński, M. Whittingham","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1775","url":null,"abstract":"recorded from the Llandovery to the upper Přídolí, but is most common in the Wenlock–Ludlow interval and is one of the longest ranging monograptid genera. The genus is characterized by cylindrical thecae without distinct apertural processes and a slightly curved or straight, simple rhabdosome (after Urbanek 1958). This conservative monograptid group survived all of the Wenlock–Ludlow biotic crises and radiated and prospered while populations of other monograptids decreased. After those biotic crises new genera of monograptids developed from Pristiograptus via speciation and adaptive radiation. The extinction of the Pristiograptus lineage was the penultimate “nail in the coffin” of monograptid evolution. Jaekel (1889) erected the genus Pristiograptus. According to him, the rhabdosome of Pristiograptus is unbranched, is straight or a little curved, the thecae are cylindrical, inclined to rhabdosome axis, the thecal mouth opening free (the mouths of the thecae are not covered by any lid or hood) and, if present, apertural processes stand as spines at the lower edge of the mouth. Today, some of Jaekel’s Pristiograptus taxa are assigned to other genera [e.g. Testograptus testis (Barrande)]. Přibyl (1943) revised Pristiograptus based on material from Czechia and lit­ e rature data, producing the first catalogue of the genus. Münch (1952) assembled his own summary of known graptolites, including Pristiograptus, and presented short descriptions and illustrations of all known taxa. This was later followed up by phylogenetic studies of Pristiograptus and related genera presented by Rickards & Wright (2003), Radzevičius (2003), Radzevičius et al. (2008), Urbanek et al. (2012) and Whittingham et al. (2020). In short, the taxa of Pristiograptus genera are well known and very important for graptolite evolution and palaeogeography. Only one problematical species, Pristiograptus fre­ quens Jaekel (described as having thecae of colonus type, as opposed to the unornamented thecae typical of P. frequens), has been recorded from the Zdanów outcrop (Malinowska 1955), although graptolites are common there. Surprisingly, there have been very few graptolite studies based on material from the Zdanów outcrop, despite graptolites from the lower Silurian to the lower Devonian in this section being very common in this section. The Zdanów outcrop is thus very important in the Sudetes region because of its considerable stratigraphical extent. In this work two species of Pristiograptus are docu­ mented for the first time from the Sudetes Mountains. We","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44409144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniformity of tropical micromorphic brachiopods from the Lower Devonian: lingulates from the section Compte-I of Spanish Central Pyrenees","authors":"M. Mergl, J. I. Valenzuela-Ríos","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1783","url":null,"abstract":"Lingulate brachiopods of the Lochkovian and Pragian age from the Compte-I section in the Spanish Central Pyrenees are described to elucidate the evolutionary history of this brachiopod group. Precise bio- and chronostratigraphic position of the brachiopod association is supported by the conodont records, which allows recognition to the threefold Lochkovian subdivision and an approximation of the base of the Pragian. The samples yielded nine taxa, generally poorly preserved and therefore mostly determined only to generic level as Barrandeoglossa , Acrosaccus , Chynithele , Lochkothele , Praeoehlertella , Schizotreta and Havlicekion . This assemblage is similar to micromorphic lingulate brachiopod assemblages from the Lower Devonian in the Barrandian area (Czech Republic) and New South Wales (Australia) confirming hypothesis of general uniformity of micromorphic brachiopods in low latitude periphery the Gondwana palaeocontinent during the Lower Devonian. Dominance of small discinoids, and a glossellid Barrandeoglossa associated to a micromorphic biernatiid Havlicekion cf. holynensis indicates a moderately shallow environment, similar to the one that took place during the deposition of the Kotýs Limestone in the Barrandian area. This interpretation is in agreement with previous palaeoenvironmental inferences for this section based on microfacies studies, Magnetic susceptibility, and Gamma-Ray spectrometry analyses.","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49649854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Cretaceous to ?Paleocene freshwater, brackish-water and marine molluscs from Al-Khodh, Oman","authors":"S. Schneider, H. Kollmann, M. Pickford","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1768","url":null,"abstract":"brackish-water molluscs is currently a topic of great inter est, mostly due to the importance of these taxa for conservation biology (e.g. Lopes-Lima et al. 2016, 2018; Do et al. 2018; Zieritz et al. 2018). Most freshwater mollusc clades show a high degree of diversification, ende mism and environmental restrictedness, and, as a result, species have a high risk of extinction (e.g. Cuttelod et al. 2011). Brackish-water taxa, although often more wide spread, show similar patterns and face similar problems, as suitable habitats are often confined to river deltas, which are restricted in extent and usually densely populated by humans (e.g. Barnes 1999, Szabo et al. 2016). Consequently, combined molecular and morphologic studies of freshwater and brackish-water molluscs are en vogue, and for several groups, comprehensive phylogenies at global scale are gradually becoming available. In contrast, the fossil component of freshwater and brackish-water mollusc evolution is significantly understudied and comparatively poorly understood. There are several reasons for this. Most importantly, the fossil record of these taxa is scattered and discontinuous, since the preservation potential of the strata enclosing them is low (e.g. Dunhill et al. 2014). As a result, many species or genera are only known from their type locality (e.g. Henderson 1935, p. 4) and phylogenetic relationships remain enigmatic. Additionally, the level of convergence in many of the higher taxa of freshwater and brackishwater molluscs is an issue, as new and surprising cases are continuously revealed by molecular studies (e.g. Bolotov et al. 2017, 2018). Last, but not least, many freshwater and brackish-water species are highly variable and shells react plastically to changes in habitat or water chem istry. Whoever is not put off by these caveats and attempts to apply rigorous taxonomy and systematics to fossil freshwater and brackish-water shells is, however, often rewarded with interesting results concerning evolutionary relationships and pathways, palaeobiogeography or palaeoecology. Moreover, fossils supply the component of time to molecular phylogenetics and are thus essential for the calibration of evolution. Such a case, exemplified by a restricted, low diversity fauna from the latest Cretaceous of northern Oman, is presented herein.","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42453085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triassic Isopoda - three new species from Central Europe shed light on the early diversity of the group","authors":"M. Schädel, Timo van Eldijk, H. Winkelhorst, J. Reumer, J. Haug","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1773","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its vernacular names (e.g. ‘woodlice’) Isopoda is a group with mostly aquatic species, with most species living in marine environments. The fossil record for isopods compared to other groups of Eucrustacea is relatively sparse. This applies even more for the Triassic. While in the Jurassic Isopoda is relatively well represented by fossils, only eight species have previously been described from the Triassic. In this study three new species of Isopoda are described from two field sites in Europe: Obtusotelson summesbergeri sp. nov. and Discosalaputium aschauerorum sp. nov. from Polzberg (Gaming, Lower Austria, Austria) and Gelrincola winterswijkensis sp. nov. from Winterswijk (Gelderland, Netherlands). All three new species are interpreted as representatives of Scutocoxifera (ingroup of Isopoda). The species Gelrincola winterswijkensis sp. nov. is further interpreted to be a representative of Cymothoida (ingroup of Scutocoxifera). Most of the oldest fossils of Isopoda belong to Phreatoicidea, which is supposed to be the sistergroup to all remaining Isopoda. Nowadays, Phreatoicidea is a small relic group, its representatives living in freshwater environments. The new species herein presented contribute to our understanding of the diversity of Isopoda in the Triassic and support the assumption that the transition from a dominance of Phreatoicidea towards the dominance of the remaining lineages of Isopoda happened quite early (likely prior to the Triassic). • Key words: fossil, morphometry, Scutocoxifera, Polzberg, Winterswijk.","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45269081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle Devonian (Eifelian, australis-ensensis zones) conodonts from the Jirásek quarry near Koněprusy (Barrandian area, Czech Republic) with special emphasis on the Polygnathus pseudofoliatus Group and notes on environmental changes related to the Kačák Episode","authors":"S. Vodrážková, T. Suttner","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1774","url":null,"abstract":"conodont faunas, with particular emphasis on the Polygnathus pseudofoliatus Group. The material comes from the Jirásek quarry at Koněprusy (Fig. 1), which represents a unique section in the Barrandian area where the kockelianus–ensensis boundary interval corresponding to the Kačák Episode, is developed in a carbonate suc­ cession. (Note: In this paper we use the designation Kačák Episode sensu Walliser & Bultynck 2011, which better reflects its polyphase nature). Conodonts from the Jirásek quarry were previously studied by Kalvoda & Zikmundová in Galle & Hladil (1991), Kalvoda (1992) and Kalvoda in Hladil & Kalvoda (1993a, b). The following conodonts were reported by the above mentioned authors from the","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"81-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42271332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on distribution and taphonomy of Devonian placoderms in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland","authors":"P. Szrek","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1761","url":null,"abstract":"of early jawed vertebrates that appeared in the Silurian period and reached maximum diversification during the Devonian. Placoderms became extinct at the end of the Devonian. Placoderms played an important role in the history of geological studies in the Holy Cross Mountains. Initially, the placoderms were used as stratigraphic tools to distinguish between the Cambrian and Devonian sandstones in the Holy Cross Mountain region (Czarnocki 1919, 1936). Placoderms were used as a biostratigraphic marker for correlation for the first time by Kontkiewicz (1882) and this was applied to the mining activity that occurred between 1893 and 1895 (Kosmowska-Ceranowicz 1973). Gürich (1896), Czarnocki (1919, 1936) and other authors followed Kontkiewiczʼs concept of employing placoderms as index fossils to recognize Early Devonian. By contrast, placoderms served rather limited biostratigraphic value for younger Devonian strata. However they were useful in determining crucial details of the palaeo-environment, especially the sediments deposited under marine conditions (Kulczycka 1933; GorizdroKulczycka 1934, 1949, 1950; Samsonowicz 1934). One could say that the modern study of placoderms from Poland commences with Kulczycki’s investigations in 1956 and 1957, where he provided comprehensive data of the stratigraphical and geographical distribution of placoderms and correlated these occurrences with other areas. However, Kulczycki worked prior to the publication of Wegener’s theory of continental drift, resulting in some erroneous palaeogeographic conclusions, but his correlations of the Late Devonian American, West-European and Polish assemblages are still quite important (Kul czy c ki 1957). So far, other vertebrate remains in the stu died horizons reveal little information. Surprisingly, not much has been published on placoderm taxonomy and their spatial and stratigraphic distribution in the Holy Cross Mountains. Thus, the main goal of this article is to summarize and discuss the placoderm record, their preservation and taphonomy in the Holy Cross Mountains using published data (Kontkiewicz 1882; Gürich 1896; Siemiradzki 1903; Czarnocki 1919, 1936; Kulczycka 1933; Samsonowicz 1934; Gorizdro-Kulczycka 1934, 1949, 1950; Kulczycki 1956, 1957; Liszkowski & Racki 1993; Ivanov & Ginter 1997; Szrek 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006a, b, 2007a, b, c, 2008; Szrek & Ginter 2007; Gorzelak et al. 2010; Szrek et al. 2014, 2015; Dworczak & Szrek 2016; Szrek & Dupret 2017; Szrek & Wilk 2018). This study also includes recent, unpublished discoveries including new material.","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"23-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49584590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemichordata (Enteropneusta & Pterobranchia, incl. Graptolithina): A review of their fossil preservation as organic material","authors":"J. Maletz","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1776","url":null,"abstract":"merous publications, but still many details are unclear or have not been considered. It is usually discussed in relation to individual fossil groups (e.g. bacteria, brachiopods, graptolites, plants, trilobites, vertebrates) or types of fossil lagerstätten (cf. Seilacher 1970). In the Hemichordata, the preservation of the fossils is especially important, as the involved materials differ considerably between the two groups, the Enteropneusta (Fig. 1A) and the Pterobranchia (Fig. 1B–D). The results found in the fossil preservation are often interpreted from the visual aspects of the fossils only, and without consideration of the composition and reaction of the various materials involved in the decay processes and the subsequent fossilization processes over millions of years. Also a differentiation of originally preserved organic material and replacement of this due to later processes is often not considered. Briggs (2003) suggested replication of the morphology by rapid in situ growth of minerals as essential to preserve labile tissues, which means the loss of the original organic material through geological processes and replacement by secondarily formed minerals. Decay­retardation during early biostratinomic proces­ ses may increase the potential for the preservation of fossils, not just in organically preserved material, but also in mineralic skeletons or shells. Important changes, however, modify the fossils considerably during later geological processes. To gain insight into the preservation of fossils it is necessary to consider the changes through these geological processes and to understand the various paths necessary to produce the final results, to see what happens to materials during numerous geological processes in Earth history. The fossilization of the Hemichordata may serve as a very important and useful example here.","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"41-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42497590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silurian conodont biostratigraphy of the east-central Appalachian Basin (eastern USA): Re-examination of the C.T. Helfrich Collection","authors":"A. Bancroft, B. Cramer","doi":"10.3140/bull.geosci.1748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1748","url":null,"abstract":"collection of conodonts from middle to upper Silurian (uppermost Llandovery–Pridoli series) strata in the Appa­ lachian Basin was produced by Charles T. Helfrich during the 1970’s. Most of the work was completed as part of his Ph.D. dissertation (Helfrich 1972) and published in a series of papers (Helfrich 1975, 1978, 1980) that laid the foundation for Silurian conodont biostratigraphy in the Appalachian Basin. In total, more than 15,000 spe­ cimens were recovered from six sections in the West Virgi nia, Virginia, and Maryland tri­state area, with which he established the conodont biozonation for the Silurian succession of the east­central Appalachian Mountains. Helfrich’s work was carried out at the dawn of a major transition in conodont systematics, from form taxonomy to multi­element taxonomy, and relied on the original Silurian conodont biozonation of Walliser (1964) to establish a biostratigraphic zonation for the Appalachian Basin consisting of eight zones for uppermost Llandovery through Pridoli strata. Most reported specimens were identified as form species, typically with tentative multi­ element species designations in open nomenclature. Silur­ ian conodont taxonomy and biostratigraphy have advanced tremendously in the intervening decades (e.g., Barrick & Klapper 1976; Bischoff 1986; Aldridge & Schönlaub 1989; Kleffner 1989, 1995; Nowlan 1995; Jeppsson 1997; Männik 1998, 2007; Corradini & Serpagli 1999; Jeppsson & Aldridge 2000; Calner & Jeppsson 2003; Murphy et al. 2004; Jeppsson et al. 2006; Carls et al. 2007; Slavík 2014; Corradini et al. 2015; Männik et al. 2015; Mathieson et al. 2016; Waid & Cramer 2017a, b), however, no modern systematic revision to the conodont biozonation of the uppermost Llandovery to Pridoli interval of the east­ central Appalachian Basin has been undertaken. Herein, we provide a modern and revised conodont biozonation for the central axis portion of the Appalachian Basin based upon the conodont collection of C.T. Helfrich (Helfrich 1972, 1975, 1980) that was re­examined by the authors at the University of Iowa from 2015–2018. The Helfrich collection is housed at the Museum of Geosciences at Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University).","PeriodicalId":9332,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42531498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}