Journal of geographic information system最新文献

{"title":"Urbanization and Quality of Urban Environment Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in East Delhi-India","authors":"Atiqur Rahman, Y. Kumar, Shahab Fazal, S. Bhaskaran","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2011.31005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.31005","url":null,"abstract":"An explosive increase of urban population, practically in all major cities and towns, has the consequent strain on the existing system manifested in an environmental chaos. The phenomena of accelerated urbanisation is the main culprit, wherein besides bringing higher standard of living, it has also brought problems, as growth of dense and unplanned residential areas, environmental pollution, non-availability of services and amenities, solid waste etc. Remote sensing satellite data is suitable for urban land use mapping to get detail and up- to-date information for environmental management. Where as GIS helps in developing database system for urban information, which supports decision making process. Development of digital database on all aspects of land use and urban planning is the next crucial task for the future in which remote sensing based informa-tion is going to play a major role. In Delhi, rise in population and growth in economic activity has led to en-vironmental degradation. With this view an attempt has been made to study the quality of urban environment in the East district of Delhi, which is experiencing very high urban growth with 98.75% urban population in 2001. For this study Landsat ASTER (MSS) data of year 2001 (15 m Ground resolution), Guide map of the year 1982 and demographic and environmental data has been used. Eight parameters were selected, which affect the urban environmental quality, namely built-up area, open spaces, household density, occupancy ra-tio, population density, accessibility to roads, noise and smell affected area. The study shows that the quality of environment has been degraded when we compare 1982 and 2003 data. Most of the East district was in a better state of environment in 1982, but in 2003 things have been changed and now 50% area is in very good, fair and desirable condition. The public participation and involvement should be encouraged planning and decisions making for the improvement in better urban environmental quality.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"67 1","pages":"62-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89508176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjusting Second Moment Bias in Eigenspace Using Bayesian Empirical Estimators, Dirichlet Tessellations and Worldview I Data for Predicting Culex quinquefasciatus Habitats in Trinidad","authors":"B. Jacob, D. Chadee, R. Novak","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2011.31003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.31003","url":null,"abstract":"Temporally weighted regression models with a spatial autoregressive component may estimate nonlinearities in spatiotemporal-sampled data of Culex quinquefasciatus, a major vector of West Nile Virus (WNV) which can help implement control strategies by determining optimal predictors associated to prolific habitats. The design of this kind of mixed model can specifically incorporate spatial autocorrelation whilst including the influence of other aspatial predictor variables. Currently, the lack of an estimation theory that allows for het- eroscedasticity and corresponding joint hypothesis testing in the presence of spatial dependence in georefer- enced Cx. quinquefasciatus habitat data is a serious shortcoming in WNV research. In this paper we used spatially lagged and simultaneous autoregressive models based on multiple predictor variables of immature Cx. quinquefasciatus and Worldview 1 (WV-1) data to help implant a remote habitat-based surveillance sys- tem in Trinidad. Initially, we used Geomatica Ortho Engine® v. 10.2 for extracting a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the WV-1 raw imagery. Results of the DEM analyses indicated a statistically significant inverse linear relationship between total sampled Cx. quinquefasciatus data and elevation (m) (R2 = -0.439; p < 0.0001), with a standard deviation of 10.41. Additional field-sampled information was derived using data from an or-thogonal grid-matrix constructed in an ArcInfo 9.3® and overlaid onto the WV-1 data. A unique identifier was placed in the centroid of each grid cell. Univariate statistics and Poisson regression models were then generated using the georeferenced covariates in SAS/GIS®. Coefficient estimates were also used to define expectations for prior distributions in a Bayesian estimation matrix using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) specifications. A spatial residual trend analyses was then performed using autocorrelation indices which linked tabular data in SAS PROCLMIXED® with the egg-raft count data in ArcInfo®. The estimation matrix identified prolific habitats based on the covariate distance to the nearest house. An Ordinary kriged-based interpolator was then constructed in Geostatistical Analyst Extension of ArcGIS 9.3® based on the adjusted Bayesian estimates. For total Cx. quinquefasciatus egg-raft count, first order trend was fitted to the semivariogram at a partial sill of 5.931 km, nugget of 6.374 km, lag size of 7.184 km, and a range of 31.02 km using 12 lags. We assessed the performance accuracy of the interpolation procedures based on the magnitude and distribution of errors between observed and model-predicted values using Voroni tessella- tions. These residuals divided the space between the individual georeferenced Cx. quinquefasciatus habitats by XY coordinates in 2-dimenisional space which revealed that the geophysical parameter error residuals in the interpolation model were within normal statistical limitations. Newer GIS software and WV-1 data can generate high","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"23 1","pages":"18-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74475584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach for Mapping Accessibility Patterns of Housing Development Sites: A Case Study in Canmore, Alberta","authors":"Yunliang Meng, J. Malczewski, Soheil Boroushaki","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2011.31004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.31004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a Geographic Information System (GIS) based multicriteria decision analysis approach for mapping accessibility patterns of housing development sites in Canmore, Alberta. The approach involves integrating two multicriteria decision methods (Analytical Hierarchy Process and Ordered Weighted Aver-aging) in a raster GIS environment, and incorporating the linguistic quantifier concept as a method for ob-taining the order weights. The approach facilitates a wide range of location (decision) strategies to be gener-ated and examined. The aim of the study is to help the housing development authorities in addressing the uncertainty involved in the decision making process, achieving a better understanding of the alternative ac-cessibility patterns. It also assists the authorities in evaluating and prioritizing the potential housing devel-opment sites in terms of accessibility levels.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"29 1","pages":"50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75074193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphodynamic Changes of Bhagirathi River at Murshidabad District Using Geoinformatics","authors":"Surajit Panda, Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2011.31006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.31006","url":null,"abstract":"The channel of Bhagirathi River is the branches off from the Ganga at Nurpur (lower course of the Ganga). Bhagirathi River is one of the main rivers in Murshidabad district. Analyzing the image of the Bhagirathi River in Murshidabad district through the year 1970, 1977, 1990, 2000 and 2006, it is found that significant changed has been occurred in souththern part of the river and less change is found in the middle part which is close to the Berhampore town. Toposheet of the year 1970 is also compared with the image data to observe the change. Water discharge, soil types and transportation of sediment is the major contributing factor of morphological changes like bar or shoal, ox-bow Lake, meander etc. Maximum erosion takes place at Dear Balagachi and after Baidyanathpur. A cut-off has take place at Baidyanathpur in 1984 [1]. It is found from the study that there is a possibility of natural meander cut-off at Dear Balagachi and near Majayampur. The traditional bank protection works, concrete walls, cemented stone and brick, play a significant role in the modification of the hydraulic aspect of the discharge values and in the interference in the water dynamics of erosive and depositional phenomena both upstream and downstream.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"6 1","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88308582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphosite Valorization a View to Sustainable Development: Case of Ait Hajji, Oued Boulahmayel Valley, Central Morocco","authors":"N. F. Zahra, E. Mohamed, Zahraoui Mohamed, D. Sanaa","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2011.31002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.31002","url":null,"abstract":"The Pleistocene Fluvial-lacustrine of Ait Hajji Formation is located in South East of Tiddas, and in the Qua-ternary deposits of the Moroccan Central Plateau. These outcrops represent on a geomorphosite of great im-portance for the study of geological heritage, and for a natural eco-tourism valorization in Morocco. For to aim a natural tourism promotion, for indigenous peoples, this geomorphosite in question has an fluorescent and dense flora with a diversified fauna in the heart of one Ordovician quartzite bar and Devonian limestone ridges. In Oued Boulahmayel geomorphosite contains a memory geological Formation of a Pleistocene epi-sode, beginning firstly by a dynamic fluviatil land synchronous with a local volcanic activity (Phonolite ne-phelinc) replaced by a lake sedimentation related to the formation of a dam natural, created a few hundred meters downstream from Boulahmayel. For valorizing of the hinterland of the plains towns, it is necessary to develop a geo-eco-tourism integrated who provide its harvest and will argue the benefits resources of rural people of high-mountains in their own environment. It is proposed in the perspective to initiate a sustainable development approach, while ensuring the conservation and ensure the continued natural existence of the surroundings environments and to appreciate the potential of the region. Thus that beauty hidden in the hin-terland upstream to a tourist eager for discoveries, to encourage them to practice their stay as short as it is, in a safe space and very quiet. In order to materialize the concept of geo-eco-tourism, we must deploy the ef-forts of local people, policy makers and scientists in order to produce tourist maps with different interesting routes, to implant signal panels, to develop tracks campsites and trails within the forests, creating shelters and rest houses in private homes, as well as provide training for specialized guide’s rescuers.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"204 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77631593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Cover Classification and Forest Change Analysis, Using Satellite Imagery-A Case Study in Dehdez Area of Zagros Mountain in Iran","authors":"A. Torahi, S. C. Rai","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2011.31001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.31001","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of accurate and timely information describing the nature and extent of land resources and changes over time is increasing, especially in mountainous areas. We have developed a methodology to map and monitor land cover change using multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and ASTER data in Zagros mountains of Iran for 1990, 1998, and 2006.Land-use/cover mapping is achieved through interpreta-tion of Landsat TM satellite images of 1990, 1998 and TERRA-ASTER image of 2006 using ENVI 4.3. Based on the Anderson land-use/cover classification system, the land-use and land-covers are classified as forest land, rangeland, water bodies, agricultural land and residential land. The unsupervised image classifi-cation method carried out prior to field visit, in order to determine strata for ground truth. Fieldwork carried out to collect data for training and validating land-use/cover interpretation from satellite image of 2006, and for qualitative description of the characteristics of each land-use/cover class. The land-use/cover maps of 1990, 1998 and 2006 were produced by using supervised image classification technique based on the Maxi-mum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and 132 training samples. Error matrices as cross-tabulations of the mapped class vs. the reference class were used to assess classification accuracy. Overall accuracy, user’s and producer’s accuracies, and the Kappa statistic were then derived from the error matrices. A multi-date post-classification comparison change detection algorithm was used to determine changes in land cover in three intervals, 1990–1998, 1998–2006 and 1990–2006. To evaluate the change maps for the 1990 to 2006 interval, we randomly sampled the areas that classified as change and no-change and determined whether they were correctly classified. The maps showed that between 1990 and 2006 the amount of forest land de-creased from 67% to 38.5% of the total area, while rangelands, agriculture, settlement and surface water in-creased from 30.8% to 45%, 1.2% to 7.0%, 0.3% to 7.5% and 0.6% to 1.8%, respectively. The area was dominated by 35.9%, 28.9% and 29.3% dense forest, 42.2%, 46.4% and 43.2% open forest and 21.9%, 24.8% and 27.5% degraded forest in 1990, 1998 and 2006, respectively. During 16 years span period (1990-2006) about 10170.3 ha, 2963.4 ha, 351.7 ha and 3039.2 ha of forest lands were converted to range-land, agriculture, water body and settlement. The overall five-class classification accuracies averaged 78.6% for the three years. The overall accuracy of land cover change maps, generated from post-classification change detection methods and evaluated using several approaches, reached to 80.1%. The results quantify the land cover change patterns in the Zagrous highlands and demonstrate the potential of multitemporal Landsat and ASTER data to provide an accurate, economical means to map and analyze changes in land cover over time that can be used as inputs to land management and policy decisions.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82796412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Use and Land Cover Changes in a Tropical River Basin: A Case from Bharathapuzha River Basin, Southern India","authors":"P. P. Raj, P. Azeez","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2010.24026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2010.24026","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the spatial and temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) was conducted using Remote Sensing and GIS. We analyzed the LULC of Bharathapuzha river basin, south India using multispectral LANDSAT imageries of 1973-2005 time periods. 31% depletion in the natural vegetation cover and 8.7% depletion in wetland agriculture area were seen in the basin during the period. On the other hand the urban spread in the basin increased by 32%. The study highlights the need for a scientific management plan for the sustainability of the river basin, keeping in view the recent climatic anomalies and hydrological conditions of the basin.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"11 1","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84274851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Hydrogeology of the Lower Son Valley Based on Remote Sensing Data","authors":"Manas Banerjee, Debolina Bhattacharya, Hriday Narain Singh, D. Shanker","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2010.24031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2010.24031","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing, one of the most important reconnaissance and feature identifying tools generally applied for surface and groundwater investigation, was used for water resources mapping for the lower Son Valley in this study. The mapping was done with the help of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite imagery IRS-LISS- 1-B1 for January 29, 1991 obtained during the day transit time. The area under study comprises adjoining parts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states of India and extends over the seven districts, namely Bhojpur, Rohtas, Patna, Jahanabad, Aurangabad, Ballia and Chapra. Geology of the study area is quite complex, tectonically disturbed and shows four major cycles of depositions after erosions during last one billion years (since Cretaceous). Two lineaments mapped by GSI (Geological Survey of India) in western side of river Son in the Bhojpur district can also be identified by the satellite imagery. In the present study, apart from these lineaments, two new lineaments have been investigated, which run almost parallel to river Ganga in northwest parts of the area in Ballia district. The lineaments may play a very vital role in groundwater monitoring in the area. The detailed study of geomorphology, vegetation and geology of the Lower Son valley on the basis of photo-interpretation techniques for surface features, drainage pattern and density, and drainage texture has been carried out to determine alluvial type, permeability, tributary, etc. These studies and Darcy velocity analysis show that the prospect of water is very good for entire lower Son valley. The Bhojpur district is most prospective for groundwater exploitation.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"1 1","pages":"219-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86441245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of the Atmospheric Transmission for the Solar Radiation and Earth's Surface Radiation on the Earth's Climate","authors":"H. Abdussamatov, A. I. Bogoyavlenskii, S. Khankov, Y. Lapovok","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2010.24027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2010.24027","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and mathematical model of the planetary heat balance is developed to establish the influence of the atmospheric transmission for the solar radiation in the shortwave spectrum range and for the surface IR radiation in the longwave spectrum range on the Earth’s climate. It is shown the possibility of the decreas- ing of the atmospheric and surface temperatures with the decreasing of the atmospheric transmission for IR spectrum range, and this decreasing can’t be equilibrated with the change of the atmospheric transmission for the incoming solar radiation.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"75 1","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88191688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral Analysis of Hyperion Data for Mapping the Spatial Variation of in a Part of Latehar & Gumla District, Jharkhand","authors":"R. Satpathy, V. Singh, R. Parveen, A. T. Jeyaseelan","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2010.24029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2010.24029","url":null,"abstract":"Reflectance and emittance spectroscopy in the near-infra red and short-wave infra red offers a rapid, Inexpensive, non-destructive tool for determining the mineralogy of rock and soil samples. Hyperspectral remote sensing has the potential to provide the detailed physico-chemistry (mineralogy, chemistry, morphology) of the earth’s surface. This information is useful for mapping potential host rocks, alteration assemblages and mineral characteristics, in contrast to the older generation of low spectral resolution systems. In the present study EO-1, hyperion data has been used for the delineation of AL+OH minerals. The requirements for extracting bauxites from Hyperion images is to first compensate for atmospheric effects using cross track illumination correction & the log residual calibration model. MNF transformation was applied to reduce the data noise and for extracting the extreme pixels. Some pure pixel end member for the target mineral and the backgrounds were used in this study to account for the spectral angle mapping & matched filtering and the results were validated with the respect of field study.","PeriodicalId":93313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of geographic information system","volume":"3 1","pages":"210-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84994251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}