Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)最新文献_第8页

“Brave New World” of Fake News: How It Works 假新闻的“美丽新世界”:它是如何运作的

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1861409

J. Baptista, Anabela Gradim

{"title":"“Brave New World” of Fake News: How It Works","authors":"J. Baptista, Anabela Gradim","doi":"10.1080/13183222.2021.1861409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1861409","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of fake news poses a serious threat to democracy and journalism. Fake news has found the ideal tools to thrive in the digital world. Therefore, it is urgent to understand this phenomenon. The purpose of this review is to analyse the various stages of the fake news circuit, in order to clarify the phenomenon, its causes and processes, identifying the various routes for spreading fake news, the reasons behind its manufacture and the factors that contribute to its rapid proliferation and success. Our results showed that the problem is not just social media, but the entire digital and technological universe, as well as user behaviour. On the one hand, programmatic web advertising, coupled with ideological motivations, remains an incentive for the creation of fake news. On the other hand, malicious bots and bad algorithms (initially created with good intentions) are being the great allies of fake news, promoting the creation of filter bubbles and echo chambers. In addition, literature has shown that filter bubbles are created not only by bad algorithms, but also by users who are unaware of how the algorithms work and prefer to consume information according to their beliefs, limiting themselves to a closed view.","PeriodicalId":93304,"journal":{"name":"Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)","volume":"28 1","pages":"426 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13183222.2021.1861409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44560741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Conspiracy Theories and the Crisis of the Public Sphere: COVID-19 in Slovenia 阴谋论和公共领域的危机:COVID-19在斯洛文尼亚

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1921522

Ksenija Vidmar Horvat

{"title":"Conspiracy Theories and the Crisis of the Public Sphere: COVID-19 in Slovenia","authors":"Ksenija Vidmar Horvat","doi":"10.1080/13183222.2021.1921522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1921522","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the rise of conspiracy theories amidst the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic. Conspiracy theories have been a historic sojourner in Western modern societies, stretching from witch hunts in early modern Europe to the 1950s anti-communist witch hunt of the McCarthy era in the U.S. During the COVID-19 health crisis, however, the conspiracy theories have gained a fresh impetus, travelling globally and forming diverse communities of believers. Moreover, once a predominantly fringe phenomenon, at present, they have moved to the centre of the public debate, deliberating on the reliability of scientific evidence as well as the legitimacy of lockdowns and other public health measures. This makes the COVID-19 conspiracy believers an integral part of the public sphere where, in open conflict with expert knowledge and science, they act as a “pandemic counter-public.” I observe the rise of this pandemic counter-public in the context of the current political crisis in Slovenia, arguing that post-socialist legacies of democratic protest bear a vital role in contesting the conspiracy groups, as well as maintaining the resilience of the liberal democratic ideals of responsible citizenship and common good.","PeriodicalId":93304,"journal":{"name":"Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)","volume":"28 1","pages":"219 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13183222.2021.1921522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47103330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

“Those on the Right Take Chloroquine”: The Illiberal Instrumentalisation of Scientific Debates during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brasil “右翼人士服用氯喹”：巴西新冠肺炎大流行期间科学辩论的非自由工具化

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1921521

T. Oliveira, Simone Evangelista, M. Alves, Rodrigo Quinan

{"title":"“Those on the Right Take Chloroquine”: The Illiberal Instrumentalisation of Scientific Debates during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brasil","authors":"T. Oliveira, Simone Evangelista, M. Alves, Rodrigo Quinan","doi":"10.1080/13183222.2021.1921521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1921521","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Brasilian government has undergone a significant political dispute over the use of hydroxychloroquine as a measure to confront the disease and contested scientific and healthcare organisations findings related to the drug's effectiveness. In this article, we seek to understand the manner in which an illiberal populist government and the supporters thereof refer to scientific discourse during the pandemic, with a focus on the debates on Brasilian far-right networks on Twitter. Using a mixed methodology with statistical methods, social media analysis, natural language processing and qualitative content analysis, this study seeks to investigate which sources and stakeholders were referenced and the narratives that structured the arguments of far-right supporters who defended the use of hydroxychloroquine. The results highlight the use of sources that are ideologically aligned to the right and a reconfiguration of scientific authority that was supported by illiberal values. Among the main discourses, we observed an epistemic challenge with a partisan bias, which led to the scientific authority legitimising some arguments and discrediting others. We also identified the spread of conspiracy theories that reflected the epistemic challenge, in addition to conservative, revivalist and individualistic postures.","PeriodicalId":93304,"journal":{"name":"Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)","volume":"28 1","pages":"165 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13183222.2021.1921521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48138830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Online Hate Speech and the Radical Right in Times of Pandemic: The Italian and English Cases 大流行时期的网络仇恨言论和激进右翼:意大利和英国的案例

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1922191

M. Caiani, B. Carlotti, Enrico Padoan

引用次数: 11

Public Sphere and Post-populism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Short Life of Depolarisation in Argentina 2019冠状病毒病大流行中的公共领域和后民粹主义:阿根廷去极化的短暂生命

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1921528

Enrique Peruzzotti, S. Waisbord

引用次数: 0

Resilience of Public Spheres in a Global Health Crisis 全球卫生危机中公共领域的复原力

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1919385

H. Trenz, Annett Heft, Michael Vaughan, B. Pfetsch

引用次数: 15

Whose Opinion Is It? Public Debates and Repertoires of Action in Greece During the First Covid-19 Lockdown Period 这是谁的意见?在第一次Covid-19封锁期间，希腊的公开辩论和行动

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1919381

Sevasti Chatzopoulou, Theofanis Exadaktylos

{"title":"Whose Opinion Is It? Public Debates and Repertoires of Action in Greece During the First Covid-19 Lockdown Period","authors":"Sevasti Chatzopoulou, Theofanis Exadaktylos","doi":"10.1080/13183222.2021.1919381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1919381","url":null,"abstract":"To what extent do public health crises create unity or polarise the public sphere? We investigate the development and dynamics of the public debate in Greece in light of Covid-19 to detect polarisation within the public sphere. We cover the first wave of the pandemic (March-May 2020), assessing reactions to government measures. In times of crises, the public looks for shortcuts in the media to assess the overabundance of information and digest the complexity of a crisis. Hence, people look at opinion leaders for guidance or to reinforce their own views. To assess the formation of the public debate and public responses we look at the cues the public receives via the media. Through a content analysis of editorial pieces in Greek newspapers we code references to government responses, the public response or the responsibility of fellow citizens, and the role of experts in providing professional advice to the government and guidance to society. The differential of positive and negative references reflects and determines a polarised debate that triggers public mobilisation and engagement with specific repertoires of action. The findings assist in understanding the adherence to government guidance by the public and the passive reception or contestation of measures.","PeriodicalId":93304,"journal":{"name":"Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)","volume":"28 1","pages":"185 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13183222.2021.1919381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42404310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The Dislocation of the Empty Signifier Freedom as a Tool in Global Political Struggles: A Case Study on RT’s Mini-Series How to Watch the News 全球政治斗争工具“空的象征自由”的错位——以RT电视剧《如何看新闻》为例

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1889833

N. Carpentier

{"title":"The Dislocation of the Empty Signifier Freedom as a Tool in Global Political Struggles: A Case Study on RT’s Mini-Series How to Watch the News","authors":"N. Carpentier","doi":"10.1080/13183222.2021.1889833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1889833","url":null,"abstract":"Freedom is approached in this article as an empty signifier and as an object of discursive struggle, from a discourse-theoretical perspective. The hegemonic centrality of freedom in Western discourse and identity construction is acknowledged, but at the same time the article argues that hegemony is never total and all-encompassing. In other words, hegemonic constructions are seen as always particular, with their universal claims displaying cracks and gaps. Especially when different discursive communities (e.g. the West and Russia) engage in global discursive struggles, these cracks become visible through dislocatory strategies. The second part of the article then addresses a case study about how this discursive struggle is organised in practice, focussing on the RT mini-series How to Watch the News, which prominently features Slavoj Žižek. The discourse-theoretical analysis demonstrates how the mini-series deconstructs the Western articulation of freedom, in three ways, namely by showing the failures of Western liberal democracies, and the divided nature of Western societies, and by critiquing the individualistic articulation of freedom. The article concludes by pointing to the ambiguities related to the centrality of freedom, the role of RT and the role of Žižek as public intellectual.","PeriodicalId":93304,"journal":{"name":"Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)","volume":"29 1","pages":"66 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13183222.2021.1889833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48092874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

“Install Freedom Now!” Choosing not to Communicate with Digital Media at Work and Home “现在安装自由!”在工作和家庭中选择不使用数字媒体

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1889831

M. Hartmann

{"title":"“Install Freedom Now!” Choosing not to Communicate with Digital Media at Work and Home","authors":"M. Hartmann","doi":"10.1080/13183222.2021.1889831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1889831","url":null,"abstract":"The emphasis in this article is on the freedom to communicate, which differs from both the right to communicate and communication rights. Instead of focussing directly on the freedom to communicate, the path taken instead is an emphasis on (digital) “non-communication.” This is subsequently expanded to a freedom not to communicate. The article begins with a cursory theoretical definition of communicative freedom, based on the notions of communicative action, social justice and reciprocal recognition. It then turns to a range of examples of “non-communication.” These stretch from corporate environments and their attempts to introduce “non-communication” top-down (mostly via time-based restrictions of the use of company-related communication tools) via the experience of a “digital diet” workshop at the university to instances of “digital detox,” which are offered on the life-improvement markets today. Through these examples, the question of the freedom not to communicate will be explored. Most of the examples underline the many current limitations of this freedom to communicate. The tentative alternative suggested is a new version of distant proximity, enacted through temporary dis-connectivity. This, so the claim, is needed to resist the growing framework of constant connectivity that we are constantly confronted within both private and working lives.","PeriodicalId":93304,"journal":{"name":"Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)","volume":"29 1","pages":"17 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13183222.2021.1889831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45602512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Empire Strikes Back? Media Freedom, Public Interest and Neoliberalism in the Aftermath of the Eurozone Economic Crisis 帝国反击战?欧元区经济危机后的媒体自由、公共利益与新自由主义

Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2021.1889832

Rita Figueiras

{"title":"The Empire Strikes Back? Media Freedom, Public Interest and Neoliberalism in the Aftermath of the Eurozone Economic Crisis","authors":"Rita Figueiras","doi":"10.1080/13183222.2021.1889832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1889832","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores articulations between capital, the state, and the media by taking Angola and Portugal as the empirical context to examine specific relations between neoliberal and state influence against media democracy normativity in the aftermath of the Eurozone economic crisis. This includes questioning the neoliberal narrative of capital both as a hegemonic force that disempowers nation states and homogenises national media configurations. In order to do it, the “Angolanisation” of the Portuguese economy will be addressed to, then, look at the role of the Portuguese media in consolidating Angola's position within Portuguese society. It is argued that Portuguese media defined their basic commitment as promoters of Angolan interests and together with other institutions they were part of a larger system that worked as internal colonisation agents. The article contends a more differentiated perspective on neoliberalism and offers arguments to move media democratic theories beyond its normativity in the field of media studies by looking at neoliberalism as a context sensitive concept and at the media as an expression of specific relations between neoliberal and state influence in articulation with other logics. In the case in point, Portugal's peripheral condition and colonial heritage.","PeriodicalId":93304,"journal":{"name":"Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia)","volume":"29 1","pages":"50 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13183222.2021.1889832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41937251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0