General medicine and clinical practice最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology and Sensitivity to Antibiotics of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) in the Region of Nouakchott (Mauritania)","authors":"Mohamed Lemine Ould Salem","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/063","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are a large heterogeneous family of bacterial enzymes discovered in 1980. They are induced either by plasmids or by mutation of the natural genome in the bacterium. Both mechanisms give affected bacteria the ability to hydrolyze a very wide variety of beta-lactams. (ESBL)-producing bacteria represent a major concern due to their epidemic spread and their multiresistance to antibiotics The purpose of this study was to: determine their frequency of ESBL, know their distribution according to sex, hospital department, assess their levels of resistance to antibiotics and educate clinicians on the rational prescription of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study which was carried out within the central laboratory of the National Hospital Center of Nouakchott (CHN) over two years. The antibiogram was carried out by the method of diffusion in agar medium or on the Vitek-2 automaton (Biomérieux®) The production of ESBLs has been demonstrated by looking for a synergy between clavulanic acid and third-generation cephalosporins according to the usual techniques. Results: Out of 650 species of Enterobacteriaceae, 18.46% produced ESBL, including 58% in hospitalized patients and 42% in outpatients. The ESBL resistance rate was high to quinolones, aminoglycosides (except amikacin) and cotrimoxazole, fosfomycin and carbapenems retain good activity. Discussion: ESBLs are increasingly incriminated in both community-acquired and nosocomial infections and represent a real public health problem. In fact, 42% of ESBL isolated during our study came from outpatient consultations. This dissemination of ESBL in the community is alarming and could be explained, in part, by the anarchic use of antibiotics, it has also been mentioned by several studies. Fosfomycin retains excellent efficacy against ESBL in our study with 90% sensitivity. The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to carbapenems remained marginal with sensitivity rates of 98 to 100% , making them the best treatment against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. However, the misuse of these molecules has led to the emergence of resistance to these antibiotics, especially in certain enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion: Considering the results of our study and the data from the literature, it clearly appears that ESBLs are taking an increasingly important place among multiresistant bacteria. The increase in resistance should be compared with the increase in antibiotic consumption. These trends are problematic because they promote not only the emergence and spread of ESBL enterobacteriaceae, but also those of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Faced with this worrying situation and given the increased risk of therapeutic impasse caused by these multi-resistant strains; very early detection of ESBL germ infections, isolation of patients carrying a transmissible infection and rational use of antibiotics should be carried out.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Study of Coffea Cruda","authors":"Rakhi Mishra","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coffea cruda (family Rubiaceae) has great therapeutic significance in Indian system of medicine due to its rich antioxidant activity. Coffea cruda is the major source of antioxidant compounds as it has strong ability to inhibit the process of oxidation in the body which attributes to its high antioxidant activity. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate antioxidant study of Coffea cruda alcoholic extract. Objectives:The present study was designed to investigate the HPTLC study and anti-oxidant activity of of Coffea cruda alcoholic extract. Materials and methods: Anti-oxidant activity of alcoholic extract of Coffea cruda was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Total phenol, Total flavonoid content, ABTS and FRAP assay methods. Whereas, HPTLC study performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate where, mobile phase used was toluene: acetone (7:3, v/v). HPTLC UV detection was performed at 254 nm. Results:The result revealed that different antioxidant assays of alcoholic extract of Coffea cruda seed shows prominent antioxidant activity and High performance thin layer chromatography study indicates the presence of alkaloid compound caffeine in chloroform extract of Coffea cruda. Conclusion:The present study justifies Coffea cruda medicinal usage in traditional medicines. High antioxidant potentials are the reason for its cure and healing properties.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44680478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebiotics and Probiotics: It’s Impact on Host as Internal Healers","authors":"Parvati Sharma","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/064","url":null,"abstract":"The regular or continuous use of antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents to cure disease have led to problems of drug resistance towards various microorganism. The use of prebiotic and probiotic can solve this problem somehow due to their preventative and ecofriendly approaches, particularly in light of new trends toward organic production systems. Probiotics and Prebiotics deal with gastrointestinal lining and improve health benefits of human as well as animals. The components of these should be a part of our foods, or it may be including in our diet to increase health benefits at the nutritional and therapeutic levels. Prebiotics, being indigestible carbohydrates available in thousands of different plant foods, stimulate the beneficial probiotic microorganisms to grow and multiply and help to improve host intestinal probiotic balance. Probiotics are a diverse group of living organism having non-pathologic bacteria that are functionally beneficial for improving health due to their ability to prevent inflammation that takes place in intestine. Action mechanism of both these in relation to each other as well as their intestinal interactions has been discussed. The beneficial effects include disease treatment and prevention as well as improvement of digestion and absorption in the host. The alarming increase in inappropriate use of antibiotics and development of bacterial resistance makes prebiotic & probiotics a very interesting field for research. In the present scenario, both have shown a number of beneficial effects in a variety of disease related to gastrointestinal as well as non-gastrointestinal such as colon cancer, ulceration in intestine.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42183738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric Encephalopathy: An Old Archenemy","authors":"Richmond R Gomes","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/055","url":null,"abstract":"Typhoid fever is the name given to the illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi, a member of the Salmonella family. Typhoid fever is spread through food and water contaminated by animal and human feces. Typhoid fever is very rare in the United States and other developed nations, and it is more common in underdeveloped nations, particularly Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Typhoid fever has a wide variety of presentations that range from an overwhelming multisystemic illness to relatively minor cases of diarrhea with low-grade fever. The classic presentation is fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. Untreated typhoid fever may progress to delirium, obtundation, intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and death within 1 month of onset. Survivors may be left with long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric complications. Here, we present a 30 years old nurse who presented with fever, constipation and diagnosed as typhoid fever. While on treatment, she developed abnormal behavior. CSF was sterile. Neuro imaging was normal. Considering typhoid encephalopathy she was treated with high dose pulse steroid. She showed significant improvement. Thus, all clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of typhoid encephalopathy as a rare complication of typhoid fever.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44451445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 Mandatory Vaccination in the Workplace- Key Considerations","authors":"Michael Mncedisi Willie","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/054","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 epidemic has adversely affected health systems globally, with some on the verge of collapse, as countries experienced the second wave of the pandemic. Millions of people have died from the pandemic, particularly the elderly and co-morbidities. COVID-19 infections have declined, with South African officially out of the third wave as of October","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44681881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of six widely Prescribed Antibiotics using ATC/DDD method in the Indonesian Hospital in Palestine: Retrospective study","authors":"Hashem Mohammed Mansour","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/056","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study to measure consumption of AB in ICU and medical department using defined daily dose which is an accepted standard method and provide data for rational use of antibiotics to decrease morbidity, mortality and resistance. Methods: The study was a retrospective in a state hospital with 120 beds. All patients treated with specific antibiotics on 1st December 2019 until 1st March 2020 were included in the study. Indications for antibiotic use and information about the patients were recorded on special forms. Antibiotic use were evaluated using the ATC/DDD index, which is also suggested by the WHO to be used in similar studies. Results: 234 patients were admitted to the medical and ICU department hospital, of whom 46 patient in the ICU. 96% OF the patients in ICU received AB and 92% of the patients in the medical department received AB. Those identified to use antibiotics with appropriate indications 40.7% in the medical department and 65.5% in the ICU department. The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days, of the total patients 42% of patient received AB less than three days. Conclusion: The rate of consumption of antibiotics is very high in our hospital and most of the prescribed drugs were irrational. Antibiotic stewardship should be constructed and activated in our country to control AB use, as this will decrease the emergence of resistant strains and decrease budget in hospitals and on the patients.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48301588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Tuberculous effusion Leading to Pneumothorax Ex vacuo after Pleural Drainage","authors":"Charis Tjoeng, Ali A. Mahdi, A. Adial, Sharareh Shahangian","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/057","url":null,"abstract":"An 89-year-old male with history of pulmonary tuberculosis on RIPE presented from skilled nursing facility due to respiratory distress.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B and Delta Co-Infection: Prevalence and Serological Characteristics in Mauritania","authors":"M. O. Ould Salem, Ahmedna Sidi Abdalla, Ghaber Sidi Mohamed","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. In Mauritania, its prevalence in the general population is very high. The hepatitis D virus (HDV) borrows the envelope from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) during its infectious cycle. We thus observe co-infections during which the two viruses are acquired simultaneously and superinfections by HDV in patients who are already chronic carriers of the B virus. Objective: to assess the prevalence of HBV and HDV infection Material and Methods: this is a prospective descriptive study, conducted from January 1 to November 30, 2017 in the two medical analysis laboratories in Nouakchott. Patients were included: all patients of both sexes and of all ages carrying HBsAg presenting to the two medical analysis laboratories during this period. Results: in 1 month, 211 patients with HBsAg were notified out of a total of 1675 patients screened, i.e. a prevalence of 12.59%. HBV/HDV co-infection is 31.30%. The average age was 36 years with extremes [8 and 66]. The male/female sex ratio was 1.45. The mean HBV viral load was 2.68 ± 1.31 log IU/ml [range: 478.63 IU/ml ± 20.41]. The majority (94.9%) of patients were HBeAg negative. Conclusion: HBV/HDV co-infection remains very high in our country. This study indicates that the significant morbidity of the two viruses associated with limited knowledge of the mode of transmission, constitute factors of vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47612323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental Finding of Unilateral Parotid Gland Agenesis: A Case Report","authors":"Andrew C. Jenzer, Tyler J. Hagler, Joseph W. Ivory, Jai-ik Cho","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/046","url":null,"abstract":"A 34-year-old male active duty soldier presented to the Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Center (DDEAMC) Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic on referral from a local General Dental Clinic for a reported history of temporomandibular joint painful popping and clicking, favoring the right side. As a component of the patient’s outpatient clinical workup, an MRI of the bilateral temporomandibular joints was ordered with an incidental finding noted of partial-to-complete absence of the left parotid gland. The patient completed a conservative therapy regimen and subsequently underwent a non-arthroscopic lysis and lavage of the right temporomandibular joint with resolution of the index symptoms.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48906739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Health of Companions: Evaluatıon of Care Burden, Psychologıcal Dıstress and Psychıatrıc Dısorders of the Companıons of Patıents ın the Medıcal Ward of Akdenız Unıversıty Hospıtal","authors":"Melahat Akdeniz, E. Acar, E. Kavukcu, Esma Eseroğlu, H. Avci","doi":"10.31579/2639-4162/052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/052","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the care burden, psychological distress and psychiatric disorders of the companions of adult patients in the hospital. Method: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A study questionnaire that included a sociodemographic information form, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were administered to the companions. Simple descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used if comparisons between two independent groups were normal. Correlation coefficients and statistical significance were calculated by using the Spearman test for at least one normal nondistributed relationship. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed for determining factors associated with BSI scores. The type 1 error level was used as 5% for statistical significance. All P values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Three hundred companions were included in the study. Emotional commitment was the leading cause of companionship. The mean values of the companions’ ZCBS and BSI scores were 20.2 and 34.4, respectively. There was a moderately positive correlation (r=0.502) between the ZCBS and BSI scores, and it was statistically significant. ZCBS score were positively associated with BSI score. Conclusion: Psychological distress increases as the care burden of companions increases. Companions need more assistance from health care institutions, family members and the community. The support of health workers and family members reduced the companions’ care burden and psychological distress. Physicians working in the hospital should take into account that companions may be hidden patients.","PeriodicalId":93288,"journal":{"name":"General medicine and clinical practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43569322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}