African journal of medical and health sciences最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with childs comorbid diarrhea and pneumonia in rural Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Manuel F. Manun’Ebo, Choudelle Nkulu-wa-Ngoie","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0096","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhea and pneumonia are leading killers of the world’s youngest children. The toll is highly concentrated in the most disadvantaged children from 15 high-burden countries. The present research reports the factors associated with the comorbidity of the two killer diseases in the context of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), one of the 15 countries suffering the most from the blights. This analysis of data from a cross-sectional household survey found an association between child’s comorbid diarrhea and pneumonia and the indicators of child’s age, unimproved sanitation facilities, unsafe or indiscriminate disposal of children’s feces, malnutrition and parents’ education. It was concluded that improved child’s environment and safe hygiene practice protect against a co-occurrence of the two conditions in rural DRC. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diarrhea, pneumonia, comorbidity, sub-Sahara, rural, fecal disposal, sanitation, Congo-Kinshasa.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82302834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of pre-cervical cancer among women visiting Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A case control study","authors":"A. Dejene, Dejene Hailu","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0091","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is the most common and lethal form of cancer occurring among women of sub- Saharan Africa and Ethiopia. Despite its wider occurrence, cervical cancer is preventable and curable if it is diagnosed and treated in its pre-cancerous stage. Recognizing the risk factors associated with pre- cervical cancer lesion is important to design appropriate strategies for prevention of cervical cancer. However, studies on risk factors associated with pre-cervical cancer lesion in women are limited in Ethiopia as well as in the study location. A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted at Hawassa university, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the strength of association between the outcome and explanatory variables. Association was declared when p-value is < 0.05. Predictive variables whose P-value is <0.25 in crude analysis were included in the final multivariate analysis. A backward stepwise approach was conducted and statistically significant association was declared based on adjusted odd ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value <0.05. Findings from multivariate analysis showed contraceptive use [AOR: 5.16, CI (2.97-8.96)], pattern of irregular menstrual bleeding [AOR: 6.03, CI (3.40-10.69)], history of STI [AOR: 4.02, CI (2.28-7.10)] and HIV/AIDS reactive status [AOR: 7.41, CI (4.38-12.56)] were found to be independent predictors of pre- cervical cancer lesion. Being using contraceptive, having STI history, having irregular menstrual bleeding pattern and having HIV/AIDS reactive status increase the risk of developing pre-cervical cancer. These high risk groups should be encouraged to have regular screening for pre-cervical cancer. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Pre-cervical cancer, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), risk factors, cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78258977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Pattern of Dog Bite Injuries Treated in the Emergency Room of a Teaching Hospital South East Nigeria","authors":"N. Omoke, N. Onyemaechi","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_59_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_59_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dog bite injury treated in the emergency room varies from and within subregions in pattern and potential risk of transmission of rabies. This variation has implications in its morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of dog bite injuries treated in a teaching hospital emergency room setting of a developing country. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the entire patients with dog bite injury treated in the emergency room of Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki from January 2006 to December 2015. Results: Dog bite injury necessitated visit in 74 patients with an incidence of 2 per 1000 emergency room attendances, and a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. The mean age of the patients was 25.5 ± 1.87 years, and peak age group incidence was 5–9 years. Lower extremity was involved in 77.5% of the injuries, and buttock was the predominant site of injury in 0–4 years old. Fifty-one (68.9%) owned dogs and 23 (31.1%) stray dogs were involved in the attack. There was unprovoked attack in 81.1% of cases, and 51 (68.9%) sustained Grade II injury. Twenty-eight (37.8%) of the dogs had anti-rabies vaccination. Fifty-four (73%) patients had no prehospital care while 64 (86.5%) received postexposure anti-rabies vaccine. Majority of the patients 73 (98.7%) recovered fully. One (1.4%) patient that presented with clinical rabies self-discharged against medical advice. Conclusion: The incidence of dog bite injury is within worldwide range though the female gender bias is unprecedented. We recommend preventive strategies based on the observed pattern and improvement in the rate of prehospital care and higher coverage of anti-rabies vaccination of dogs.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"35 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91197307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the causes of mortality among HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania","authors":"Ebenezer Abimbola Morolahun, Frank Moshi Ndayeza, Happyfania Primi Kilenga, Flora Marwa Magige, Hidaya Rashid Matata, Mathew Shileka Samwel, S. Pemba","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0080","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects immune system, thereby impairing the normal functions of immune system. Causes of mortality among HIV patients have become more diverse and deaths from AIDS-related diseases have continued to change over the years. This study aimed to assess causes of death among HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania. A retrospective hospital-based study involving 164 HIV patients admitted in the medical wards of Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital from January to September, 2018. Information concerning the causes of death were accessed through the medical records and copies of death certificates. The results showed that out of the 164 HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital from January to September, 2018, 98(59.76%) died due to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 31(18.90%) died due to Cryptococcal meningitis, 26(15.85%) died due to tuberculosis, 04(2.44%) died due to toxoplasmosis, and 05(3.05%) died due to opportunistic diarrhea. This study has found that the leading cause of mortality among the HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital from January to September, 2018 was P. carinii pneumonia followed by C. meningitis. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: HIV patients, retrospective, immune system, mortality.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"232 1","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80131781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography angiographic evaluation of vascular pathology in a Nigerian tertiary hospital","authors":"A. Joseph, Osobu Babatunde Ebenezer","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0077","url":null,"abstract":"Computed Tomography Angiography has progressively replaced the invasive conventional angiography, and has now become the preferred modality for the diagnosis and characterization of most cardiovascular abnormalities. Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) alone is mostly sufficient to adequately evaluate vascular lesions in various disease conditions. This study reports the institutional evaluation of various vascular lesions on a 64 64 slice Computed Tomography (CT) scanner over an eight-year duration. It evaluates the major clinical indications for angiography studies and spectrum of findings on CTA, any agreement between major clinical diagnosis and CTA findings over an eight-year period at a major referral tertiary hospital in South-West Nigeria was also determined in this hospital based retrospective study of patients with suspected vascular lesions throughout the body evaluated with CTA from January 2011 to December 2018. All CTA scans were performed using a 64-slice Multidetector Toshiba Aquilion Computed Tomography scanner. The demographics, clinical diagnosis, type of CT angiography, and result of the CT angiography procedure data were extracted and documented. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. A total of 305 patients were studied. Among the extra-cranial CTA studies, pulmonary thrombo-embolism (38/184) was the commonest reason for CTA. There was fair significant agreement between clinical diagnosis of PTE and CTA diagnosis of PTE, but weak agreement between Aneurysms/AVMs and corresponding findings on CTA. The commonest CTA examination was cranial angiographies followed by pulmonary CTAs. The Hospital incidence of aneurysms was 2.6 times that of AVMs in this study. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Computed tomography, angiography, vascular lesion, aneurysms, arterio-venous malformation.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75252525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Doppler values in healthy Nigerian children: Anthropometric variations","authors":"O. Atalabi, A. Adekanmi, R. Olatunji, J. Akinmoladun","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0093","url":null,"abstract":"The rising morbidity and mortality from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among children in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria is now a primary health concern. Due to this, an accurate, simple, affordable, non-invasive method for early diagnosis of renal diseases in children is needed to prevent progression to ESRD. In this prospective, cross-sectional study among children with no evidence of clinical and pathologic abnormalities, we investigated the intrarenal Doppler indices and their relationship with participants’ demographics. One hundred and thirty-one children with no clinical or laboratory pathologic abnormalities from age 3 to 10 years, and a total of 262 kidneys were evaluated. Significant statistical differences exist in the pulsatility index (PI), resistivity index (RI), and acceleration time (AT) among the different age groups of the studied children population. Children aged 2 to 3 years had statistically significant higher PI (mean = 0.99, 95% CI of mean = 0.95; 1.04) than in children aged 7 to 8 years and 9 to 10 years (mean = 0.88, 95% CI of mean = 0.83; 0.94). The RI showed similar trend, while AT was also significant but in the opposite direction. Age, weight, and height showed significant correlations with PI, RI, AT, and Systolic/Diastolic ratio(S/D). Age and weight also had correlations with renal lengths. This study thus revealed that normative data for each age group were reasonably similar to those from other parts of the world. Intra-renal PI, RI, and S/D declines with age but stabilize at 6 to 8 years. The parameters showed dependency on age, weight, and height in normal healthy children. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Healthy children, Doppler, renal disease, reference values.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90872228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycaemic control and correlation between estimated average glucose and glycated haemoglobin in diabetic patients seen in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"F. A. Olanike, A. Oluwatoyin","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2018.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2018.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is on the increase worldwide and in Nigeria, with prevalence ranging from 0.65% in rural Mangu to as high as 11.0% in urban Lagos.  Its prevention, early diagnosis and adequate treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality are essential. Glycated haemoglobin estimation is a marker of glycaemic control and it reflects average plasma glucose over previous eight to twelve weeks. Reporting estimated average glucose along with glycated haemoglobin values may be useful in the assessment of long term glycaemic control of diabetic patients. This work aims to assess glycaemic control in diabetic patients and determine the association between estimated average glucose and glycated haemoglobin values. This work is a retrospective study. Data of 100 diabetic patients (Type 1 and 2) seen in the endocrine outpatient clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between March 2017 and October 2017 were analyzed. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) assay was done using high performance liquid chromatography (Bio - Rad). Estimated average glucose was derived using Nathan’s regression formula. Good glycaemic control was established at glycated haemoglobin < 7% according to the American Diabetes Association recommendation. Mean age of the subjects was 61.5 ± 14.8 years. Mean fasting plasma glucose, estimated average glucose, glycated haemoglobin in the subjects were 188.6 ± 100.3, 165.4 ± 24.8 mg/dl, 7.4 ± 2.4% respectively. Estimated average glucose showed a strong positive correlation with glycated haemoglobin, which was statistically significant; r = 1.000, p = 0.000.  46% of the subjects had glycated haemoglobin values < 7%, while 54% had values ≥ 7%. Estimated average glucose correlated strongly and significantly with glycated haemoglobin, therefore reporting estimated average glucose along with glycated haemoglobin values may be useful and beneficial in the assessment of long term glycaemic control of diabetic patients. Glycaemic control is yet to be optimal in the study population. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Estimated average blood glucose (eAG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73662037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of gynaecological malignancies in a Nigerian tertiary hospital","authors":"I. F. Osinachi, N. Adewole, A. Isah, H. Abdullahi, E. Agida","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0029","url":null,"abstract":"The sociodemographic and histological patterns of gynaecological malignancies is important in their management. Facilities are now available for prevention, detection, treatment and palliative care for the wide spectrum of female genital tract malignancies. The study aim to determine the socio demographic and histological patterns of Gynaecological malignancies identified at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH). This was a retrospective study carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Abuja, Nigeria between 1st January, 2012 and 31st December, 2016. The case notes of patients admitted for Gynaecological malignancy were retrieved from the medical records and studied for relative frequency, age distribution, parity and histological types of the Gynaecological malignancies. Out of 3786 women admitted during the study period, 113 had Gynaecological malignancies, giving an incidence of 3.0%. Majority of the women had cervical cancer (65.5%) followed by ovarian cancer (22.1%). Endometrial cancer, Choriocarcinoma, and vulva cancer accounted for 7.1, 4.4 and 0.9%, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 93.2% of cervical cancers. Epithelial tumours accounted for 84% of ovarian tumours, while adenocarcinoma accounted for 61.5% of cancers of the corpus uteri. The mean age for the various female genital cancers were: cervical cancer (52.6 ± 0.88 years), ovarian cancer (40.9± 1.68 years), vulva cancer (34.5 ± 0 years), choriocarcinoma (30.5 ± 1.44 years), and endometrial cancer (54.5 ± 1.77 years). Cervical cancer remains the most common female genital tract malignancy seen. The challenges with cervical cancer screening need to be addressed to reduce its incidence. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Gynaecological cancers, pattern, frequency, histology.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84011286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discontinuation of intrauterine device: Are the reasons changing?","authors":"O. Bello, A. Agboola","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are among the most widely used contraceptive methods and users discontinue use despite its effectiveness due to different reasons. This study is aimed at determining the reasons for IUD discontinuation. A retrospective survey was conducted at Family Planning Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, IUD - duration of use and reason(s) for removal was obtained using a proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. A total of 1,961 women had IUD removal within the study period. Mean age and duration of use was 37.8 ±8.6 and 6.2±4.6 years, respectively. Their parity ranged from one to six and majority 528(26.9%) were 30-34 years of age. More than one-third 710(36.2%) had secondary level of education and were mainly grandmultipara. Commonest reasons for IUD discontinuation were side-effects 543 (27.6%) and client’s preference 536(27.3%). About a fifth of them had early IUD discontinuation while majority 651(33.2%) used the device for four to ten years. Thus, IUDs are safe and well tolerated with side effects and client’s preference as commonest reasons for its discontinuation. Providers should provide information on the side effects and its management at insertion knowing that the woman’s choice is paramount. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Intrauterine devices (IUDs), discontinuation, duration, reasons.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74392866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C infection among patients with end stage renal disease at haemodialysis initiation","authors":"O. Okoye","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis sero-positivity at initiation of haemodialysis may suggest a causal role or arise due to repeated blood transfusions and reduced immunity associated with advanced chronic kidney disease.  This study was to determine the sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C infection at initiation of haemodialysis, and describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients.  This is a cross-sectional study of all end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who had haemodialysis from January 2012 to January 2016 in the study centre. Patients with HIV infection were excluded. Data on the demographic characteristics, health status, aetiology of renal disease, clinical and biochemical parameters were collected. Fifteen (4.9%) out of 341 patients were hepatitis sero-positive; 2.6% were hepatitis B seropositive, while 2.3% were hepatitis C positive. Majority (86.6%) of the patients were males. Hepatitis infection was significantly commoner among patients with sickle cell disease (2 out of 6, p=0.005). Median duration on haemodialysis was 1 month (IQR 0.6, 1.0), while mortality was 20%. Hepatitis B and C infection is commoner among male ESRD patients, the young/middle-aged, and patients with sickle cell disease. Majority of patients are unaware of their hepatitis status and are treatment naive. Haemodialysis treatment drop-out rate and mortality are high. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hepatitis, end stage renal disease, haemodialysis, sickle cell disease.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86570956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}