Modern trends in psychiatry最新文献

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Maternal Exposure to Adversity: Impact on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis, Inflammation and Offspring Psychiatric Outcomes. 母亲暴露于逆境:对微生物-肠-脑轴、炎症和后代精神结局的影响。

Modern trends in psychiatry Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.1159/000510415

Therese A Rajasekera, Tamar L Gur

{"title":"Maternal Exposure to Adversity: Impact on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis, Inflammation and Offspring Psychiatric Outcomes.","authors":"Therese A Rajasekera, Tamar L Gur","doi":"10.1159/000510415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510415","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosocial stress, driven by a variety of sources and influences, can be ubiquitous in our modern society. Prolonged exposure to these stressors can have detrimental biological and psychological effects; extant findings in childhood adversity indicate that the cumulative effects of exposure to childhood adversity increase risk for developmental delays, altered immune responses, and psychopathology later in life. The pathways by which these effects are conferred continue to be studied. Given that pregnancy is a critical period during which susceptibility to lifetime health and illness are programmed, this chapter will focus on the impacts of maternal history of childhood adversity on offspring mental health, including the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. One of the most commonly used frameworks of the last several decades for measuring childhood adversity is the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) psychometric. We provide an overview of the possible mechanisms through which maternal stress, including the cumulative effects of maternal ACEs, may increase susceptibility to disease in offspring. These include altered epigenetic regulation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and peripheral inflammation, and gut microbial composition. Finally, we conclude with clinical considerations, including possible future therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":93215,"journal":{"name":"Modern trends in psychiatry","volume":"32 ","pages":"26-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39016306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gut Microbiota as a Mediator of Host Neuro-Immune Interactions: Implications in Neuroinflammatory Disorders. 肠道微生物群作为宿主神经免疫相互作用的中介:在神经炎性疾病中的意义。

Modern trends in psychiatry Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.1159/000510416

Valentina Caputi, Jelena Popov, Maria Cecilia Giron, Siobhain O Apos Mahony

{"title":"Gut Microbiota as a Mediator of Host Neuro-Immune Interactions: Implications in Neuroinflammatory Disorders.","authors":"Valentina Caputi, Jelena Popov, Maria Cecilia Giron, Siobhain O Apos Mahony","doi":"10.1159/000510416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510416","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic population of microbes that reside in the gastrointestinal tract plays a pivotal role in orchestrating several aspects of host physiology and health, including but not limited to nutrient extraction and metabolism, as well as the regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Gut microbes interact with the host in a bi-directional manner as the microbiota can support the development and education of the innate and adaptive immune systems, thereby conferring protection against pathogens and harmful stimuli while training the host to maintain a homeostatic tolerance towards commensal symbiotics. Recent advances in the field have highlighted the importance of the host-microbiota relationship in neurodevelopment and behaviour, with relevant implications for the onset and progression of brain disorders of inflammatory origin. Microbial modulation of brain function is achieved throughout complex neuro-immune-endocrine pathways of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota or perturbation in microbial-derived metabolites and neuroactive compounds are sensed by the afferent branches of the sympathetic and vagal innervation and transmitted to the central nervous system, which in turn produces behavioural responses. Here, we focus on how the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system modulates the development and function of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Specific attention is afforded to the involvement of host-microbe neuroimmune interactions in the pathogenesis of neuro-psychiatric and neuroinflammatory disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, anxiety, and depression, as well as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.","PeriodicalId":93215,"journal":{"name":"Modern trends in psychiatry","volume":"32 ","pages":"40-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39016307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

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