Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Character investigation and homology, with a brief discussion on the phylogenetic relationships of Annelida and Polychaeta within Metazoa","authors":"J. D. Assis, M. Christoffersen","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071601","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The intense production of information demands coherent treatment of available bodies of theoretical knowledge. A critical revision of methods in use within research programs is essential to maintain an adequate ontology and to guarantee the particular epistemological position required by each research area. The theory of Phylogenetic Systematics was developed in multiple forms, resulting in hypotheses that may be widely incongruent. This reflects the crisis of present paradigm, and illustrates failures in present phylogenetic thinking. The aim of the study is to discuss characters and homology hypotheses based on Hennigian principles. We present samples from the most unresolved groups within the evolutionary history of the Metazoa: Annelida and Polychaeta. The main phylogenetic proposals appearing in the history of the Annelida, from morphological (living and fossilized organisms) to molecular approaches are discussed. We do not consider annelids and polychaetes to be monophyletic entities. Both taxa need more detailed comparisons with others groups, such as deuterostomes. According to our published opinions, Annelida and Polychaeta are placed at the base of the deuterostomes, and these worm-like organisms are ultimately the ancestors of the Enterocoela. Thus, in order to systematize the Metameria, we have regarded Annelida, Pleistoannelida, Lophotrochozoa and Protostomia as being paraphyletic taxa.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83012691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five year (2013-2017) trends in poisoning among patients of the Buea Regional Hospital, South-West Region (Cameroon)","authors":"Daniel Brice NKontcheu Kenko, Marlyn-Uriel Ngwe-Bell, N. N. Tchamadeu","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071607","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Millions of people suffer from poisoning worldwide and some die because of complications. The aim of this study was to assess five-year trends in poisoning among patients referred to the Buea Regional Hospital. Data was collected from records in the Emergency Unit, in records from 01/01/2013 to 31/12/2017, using a form designed for the purpose. A total of 335 cases of poisoning were recorded. Twenty-nine (29) types of poisoning agents were recorded; the highest percentage was dog bite (23.28%), followed by food poisoning (18.81%). There was a temporal dynamic in poisoning as the year 2015 had the highest number of cases with percentage of 25.38% while the year 2014 had the lowest number of cases with a percentage of 13.44%. Moreover, the gender was not associated with poisoning as the percentage in males (50.15%) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the percentage in females (49.85%). Besides that, the gender did not determine poisoning circumstances (P > 0.05) even though more female were concerned with suicide attempts. Accidental poisoning was significantly (P < 0.001) more common (86.27%) than suicide attempts (13.73%). Based on the marital status, single patients were significantly (P < 0.001) more affected (65.97%) as compared to married ones (34.03%). Additionally, the frequency varied significantly (P > 0.001) in terms of patient's occupation with unemployed being the most affected group (63.28%) as compared to workers (36.72%). Based on ages, the age group (16-30 years) was the most affected (40.90%). Fortunately, the percentage of healed cases (97.91%) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the percentages of cases reported dead (2.09%); nevertheless, chronic signs such as immune suppression, cancer, mutation and reduction of reproductive capacities may appear many years later. Inevitably, more studies on poisoning should be made; this will raise the necessity to sensitize populations on poisoning and the need to create poison management centres.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79440256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) molecular profile","authors":"C. D. B. Munhae, V. G. Martins, C. Martins, O. Bueno","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071606","url":null,"abstract":"Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), also known as ground pearl, is a root cochineal found in viticultures in several Brazilian states. It causes economic losses and is difficult to control. Given the difficulty in morphologically identifying the group, the current study aims to trace the ground pearl molecular profile by assuming that there is more than one species of this cochineal in the country. Ground pearl samples were collected in Rio Grande do Sul (Flores da Cunha and Pinto Bandeira Counties), Santa Catarina (Videira and Pinheiro Preto Counties), São Paulo (São Roque, São Miguel Arcanjo, Louveira and Indaiatuba Counties) and Pernambuco States (Petrolina County). Subsequently, the COI, ITS and 28S genes as well as the 18 RAPD primers were analyzed. The COI and ITS gene primers were not successfully amplified. The 28S gene analysis formed two clades and the RAPD analysis formed three groups. The genetic and geographic distances among the herein analyzed samples were positive. Results allow inferring the existence of at least two ground pearl groups in the analyzed areas. Two hypotheses are presented in order to explain the cochineal groups’ separation: (i) the founder effect action and (ii) the regional species independence. However, it is necessary to conduct complementary molecular studies using other genes as well as studies on the group taxonomy and basic biology to explain the ground pearl phylogeny.","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"193-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82538572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climbing behavior of Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824) (Anura, Bufonidae): A typically terrestrial toad being scansorial","authors":"T. Maia-Carneiro, Rodrigo Maia-Solidade","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071602","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Toads of the Family Bufonidae do present diversified life histories, most of them are terrestrial, but there are aquatic and arboreal species. Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824) (Anura, Bufonidae) is a ground dweller bufonid that use the habitat mainly horizontally. Here, we report the occurrence of climbing behavior in R. icterica, adding knowledge with respect to its types of locomotion. The individual was found on the ground and when perceived the presence of the observer it jumped to a wall, hit it, fell back to the ground, and then started to climb the wall. The toad climbed slowly, but apparently without difficulty, since it went up without slipping until the top of the ravine. Performing a given locomotor behavior even rarely confer additional ability to evade from threats and to access otherwise inaccessible food and spatial resources. Whether this behavior is common or rare in the genus is still obscure, nevertheless, at least some typically terrestrial species of Rhinella are capable of climbing and, as R. icterica, use the habitat vertically.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79387347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal potential of purified 3-(4-isopropylstyryl)-5-methylcyclohex-2-enone from marine actinobacteria Streptomyces albus A18","authors":"M. M. Kader, M. Sambantham, J. Vinoth","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071603","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Actinomycetes are known to produce potential secondary metabolites which comprise biological activity. The present work endeavor is to assess the fungicidal property of novel marine actinobacterial compound 3-(4-isopropylstyryl)-5-methylcyclohex-2-enone extracted and isolated from Streptomyces albus AC18. The crude compound was loaded on silica gel column and eluted with chloroform - methanol - water. The purity of isolated compound were analyzed by TLC using chloroform and methanol as the solvent system and verified by GC-MS. The purified compound structure was established from infrared, ultraviolet, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. The chemical shift assignments for the aliphatic compound from 1H-NMR corresponds to molecular formula as C18H22O. The Bioassay-guided fraction leads to the isolation of compound, was identified as 3-(4-isopropylstyryl)-5-methylcyclohex-2-enone. Hence, this marine isolated S. albus AC18 actino-bacterial compound seem to be more efficient in its antifungal activity and acts as prominent reservoir for novel drug molecules en route for answering several fungal diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85281726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting of Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of Aedes aegypti larvae","authors":"Aline Souza Soares, L. T. M. Costa, Cristina Almeida da Silva, Suetônio Fernandes dos Santos, R. S. Aguiar","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071605","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, diseases that have attracted the attention of scientific society and the population in general, due to epidemiological outbreaks and numerous health hazards and the imminent risk of death. Much has been discussed about more efficient forms of control for this mosquito, considering that the chemical control, currently used, has been causing impacts on the environment and the health of the population. Thus, alternative methods have been evaluated. Among them, biological control through products formulated from Bacillus thuringiensis has stood out, as biotechnological advances have allowed to improve and enhance the products already on the market, as well as to develop new bioinsecticides from the entomopathogenic proteins produced by these microorganisms, aiming to make the larvae control more and more effective. To this end, this study aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey on the use of Bacillus thuringiensis as a form of biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae, due to the need to use safer and more effective methods of control for disease vector insects.","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"175-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87411447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of foliicolous fungus Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link on sweet cherry Prunus avium L. from Kashmir Valley","authors":"Nadia Ashraf, M. Bhat, A. Wani","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071609","url":null,"abstract":"Cherry Prunus avium L. is an important cash crop of Kashmir Valley. Cherry leaves are attacked by number of foliicolous fungi which in turn reduce yield of crop. Severe leaf spots were observed on cherry leaves in an orchard of district Baramulla of Kashmir Valley. These spots were similar to those caused by Blumeriella jaapii but smaller in size. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using detached leaf technique. Re isolation of spores from inoculated leaves confirmed Trichothecium roseum as causative agent of purple leaf spot of cherry. This is the first report of Trichothecium roseum responsible for leaf spot of cherry in Kashmir Valley.","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"817 1","pages":"225-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85879078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different plant extracts for effective management of fungal rot of tomato and brinjal in Kashmir Valley","authors":"J. Koka, A. Wani, M. Bhat","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071610","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of present research was focused on the antifungal activities of Prunella vulgaris L and Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews via in vitro approach through agar well diffusion assay at three concentrations (25 uL, 50 uL and 75 uL) against fungi causing diseases in tomato and brinjal. All the concentration of plant extracts showed antimycotic activity against tested pathogenic fungi. Antimycotic activity increased with the increased concentrations of plant extracts. However, higher concentrations proved more effective than lower concentrations. It was revealed from the present study that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Prunella vulgaris L showed maximum antimycotic activity against Rhizoctonia solani and least inhibitory effect against Penicillium chrysogenum. It was further revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews showed maximum antimycotic activity against Penicillium expansum and least activity against Mucor plumbeus. Whereas the aqueous extract of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews showed maximum antimycotic activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Penicllium expansum and least inhibitory effect against Mucor plumbeus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80461574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germination analysis in different substrates of Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC. of high restinga forest, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Aline Paulichen, L. Vieira","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071604","url":null,"abstract":"Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC., popularly known as caixeta, is a well-known species for its timber harvesting. The species is dominant in flooded high restinga forest where we collected fruits and seeds from Núcleo Picinguaba, Serra do Mar State Park, Ubatuba, Brazil. The restinga, or sandy coastal forest, is a type of vegetation formed by sandy sediments from marine deposition. Thus, we asked whether the sand substrate would produce better germination indices than germitest paper or vermiculite due to its similarity to specie natural condition. We placed a total of 60 seeds in Gerboxes with duplicates of the three substrates. We placed each Gerbox with ten seeds randomly in the germination chamber at 30 °C, photoperiod of 12 h, and water at proper field capacity. We periodically evaluated the seeds and analyzed the germination percentage (%), germination speed index (GSI), and mean germination time (MGT). Our results showed that sand was the most favorable substrate for germination of caixeta seeds for at least 35 days, corroborating the initial hypothesis. We hope that our results can improve the sustainable management and conservation of the species.","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87362898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) DR Hunt var. purpurea Boom (Commelinaceae) as biomonitor and bioaccumulator in water sources which is not indicated for population's supply","authors":"Deilany dos Santos, G. Gonçalves, Gilberto Ranalli Aparecido, V. Soares, S. A. Marques, É. S. Lopes, C. D. Moura, P. Saldiva, L. Bizeto, A. Rocha-Lima","doi":"10.21472/bjbs(2020)071608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071608","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of water from different waterspouts, which is frequently consumed by urban population, without control and without supervision. The samples are from country towns of (I) Cabreúva, (II) Cajamar and (III) Jundiaí, respectively, all situated in São Paulo State, in Brazil. For this analysis, we used the Trad-MCN methods, with the Tradescantia pallida (Rose) DR Hunt var. purpurea Boom (Commelinaceae), to identify and quantify the presence of micronucleus and estimate the mutagenesis rate. The microbiological and physical-chemical analysis (turbidity, phosphate, pH, temperature, ammonium, and coliforms) are obtained by reagents for aquarium testing and Ecokit II Alfakit®. Cabreúva’s waterspout presented bigger mutagenic power when compared to others, and it was the only sample containing fecal coliforms. All the experimental samples presented the toxicity. We observed the big expression of the micronucleus when the T. pallida purpurea was incubated within the three samples. The coliforms values observed in the samples were above of those permitted by law. The authorities must better inspect the waters source and request the people not to consume the water from these places.","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78168301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}