Buildings & cities最新文献

{"title":"Housing adaptability: new research, emerging practices and challenges","authors":"S. Pelsmakers, Elanor Warwick","doi":"10.5334/bc.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71051181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected climate data for building design: barriers to use","authors":"P. Rastogi, A. Laxo, L. Cecil, Daniel Overbey","doi":"10.5334/bc.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.145","url":null,"abstract":"Building professionals’ use of historical weather data in performance analysis and design is an insufficient response to the impacts of a changing climate. Existing standards, laws and conventions in the US (and elsewhere) reinforce the use of typical weather files derived from historical data. Although projected climate data are readily available from reliable sources, significant barriers prevent adoption. These include a lack of consensus on the methodology for creating climate data for buildings based on climate models; a lack of a publicly available platform for providing climate projections for use in a format suitable for building analysis; a lack of consensus on a standardized framework for communicating results of simulation with long-term climate data projections; and liability concerns with using projection data. A coordinated response to these challenges is necessary across building design disciplines to ensure widespread adoption. Professional institutions, codes and standards organizations, and national governments have a key role to ensure that buildings created today are fit for climatic conditions in 20, 50, and 100 years’ time.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71049440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living with air-conditioning: experiences in Dubai, Chongqing and London","authors":"N. Murtagh, S. Badi, Yaling Shi, Shen Wei, Wei Yu","doi":"10.5334/bc.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.147","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme heat is a likely consequence of global warming, leading to increased mortality and reduced wellbeing. There is limited research evidence of experiences of living with and without air-conditioning (AC), commonly regarded as the sole technological solution, but such knowledge is essential to progressing alternative approaches. A total of 72 participants were interviewed in an exploratory cross-cultural phenomenological study in Dubai (United Arab Emirates—UAE), Chongqing (China) and London (UK). In Dubai and Chongqing, AC was ubiquitous and central to life in the hotter months, although not for all socio-economic groups. AC enabled indoor work to proceed, but a restricted indoor life meant less exercise, less social interaction and health issues. Participants had over-adapted, not to heat but to cold indoor temperatures, which were uncomfortable for many. In London, AC was not yet used, but the purchase of AC was being contemplated. The London participants showed a range of behavioural adaptations to heat. To reduce dependence on AC, regulations and behaviour change interventions regarding AC settings should focus on acclimatisation to heat. Changes in societal patterns, such as workhours, and behavioural adaptations, such as informed use of shading, can help mitigate heat. Deconstruction of the impact on human societies above and beyond health risks.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71049776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential geothermal air-conditioning: inhabitants’ comfort, behaviour and energy use","authors":"Leena Thomas, Alexandra Woods, Rebecca Powles, Parisa Kalali, S. Wilkinson","doi":"10.5334/bc.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.172","url":null,"abstract":"How do occupants’ behaviour and expectations influence energy use for residential geothermal air-conditioning? This detailed study of 40 homes with geothermal AC in Sydney, Australia, during the period 2019–20 covers one of hottest Australian summers and increased daytime occupancy over the winter due to working from home during Covid-19 lockdowns. Monitored data are analysed for ground source heat pump (GSHP)-AC energy, occupancy, indoor conditions, as well as a snapshot resident feedback captured during hot and cold spells. Findings indicate that the homes built to comply with 2011 energy efficiency standards maintain indoor temperatures within 10–12°C of peak summer and minimum winter temperatures, without AC. A general preference to adopt adaptive strategies such as ceiling fans and appropriate clothing before deploying AC is evident for moderately hot and cold days. A heightened dependence on AC is seen for extreme days. However, a significant number of houses adhere to a narrow range of acceptable temperatures, thereby increasing the take-up of GSHP-AC and energy consumption. The replacement of conventional AC with alternate technologies is not a one-stop solution in, and of, itself. There is a need for improved building low energy design and construction based on a better understanding of occupant behaviour and energy consequences. POLICY RELEVANCE Although geothermal systems offer potential energy savings (especially in extreme conditions) and their potential for seamless technological replacement of conventional AC in homes, the findings suggest GSHP-AC is not a one-stop solution to reduce dependence on AC. The study reveals that the unconstrained use of GSHP-AC can increase energy consumption and squander energy savings achieved through its technological efficiency. The ‘conditioned’ expectations of inhabitants, stimulated by a lower tolerance of ‘imperfect’ conditions and availability of heating and cooling on standby, can lead to increased dependence and usage. In an increasing warming world, more stringent guidelines are needed for thermal performance and design to mitigate residual discomfort and transform occupant practices. These must also be supported with occupant education and engagement to ensure the design intent is realised. © 2022 The Author(s).","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71050118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architects’ ‘enforced togetherness’: new design affordances of the home","authors":"E. Marco, M. Tahsiri, D. Sinnett, S. Oliveira","doi":"10.5334/bc.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.189","url":null,"abstract":"Lockdown impositions have impacted people’s lives, their health and wellbeing, changing the ways in which dwellings are used and occupied. Spaces within the home have had to be rapidly renegotiated, redesigned and resynchronised in ways not yet fully explored or understood. Social relationships in the home have shifted and adapted as a result of ‘enforced togetherness’. This study presents a rich snapshot of 23 UK designer-architects’ transformative lived experiences of lockdown, using an interpretative phenomenological approach. It identifies four critical socio-spatial affordances that are rooted in the physical and mental wellbeing of the architects/designers. ‘Individuality’ suggests the need for increased physical separation to be alone. ‘Communality’ denotes a need for household members to be together. Both individuality and communality are seen as two opposite dimensions of the socio-spatial affordance of the home. ‘Adaptability’ points to requirements for flexible, decluttered and versatile spaces to enable ‘vibrancy’ not ‘suffocation’. Finally, ‘connectivity’ encompasses the need for a strong connection between the indoors and outdoors. These dimensions must be considered in housing design, so new housing models can emerge. The use of interpretative phenomenological analysis, employing the architectural tool of drawing, is shown to be a useful approach for housing research. PRACTICE RELEVANCE The impact on households’ wellbeing as a consequence of Covid-19 lockdowns has led to new considerations for future housing design. In a post-Covid environment, the particular needs for housing have been transformed. The findings and insights from this study will help to reframe the existing conventions of housing design criteria (e.g. a reliance on defining space functions) toward a clearer set of qualities for inhabitant and household wellbeing. New housing criteria involving socio-spatial affordances of individuality, communality, adaptability, and connectivity are shown to be viable and highly appropriate. These new dimensions highlight how inhabitants’ wellbeing can be included in viable and affordable housing. © 2022 The Author(s).","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71050514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balconies as adaptable spaces in apartment housing","authors":"T. Peters, Sepideh Masoudinejad","doi":"10.5334/bc.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.191","url":null,"abstract":"New requirements for living, working, and learning at home due to Covid-19 have highlighted two fundamental needs in apartment housing: (1) adaptability to fit multiple functions in a limited area;and (2) access to private outdoor space to support residents’ health and wellbeing, and to provide spatial and thermal variety in small units. The two needs may initially appear to be disconnected: when residents have a high demand for flexibility and adaptability in apartment housing, balconies tend to be overlooked as potential spaces to facilitate adaptability. An analysis of several international housing projects with innovative balcony designs and unit designs is the basis for the identification of several typologies of balconies. Typologies of adaptable balconies and examples are used to show how they may support housing adaptability within a dwelling. The ‘adaptable balcony’ concept is introduced in the context of multifamily housing design, together with a clear definition of active and passive adaptability by inhabitants. © 2022 The Author(s).","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71050668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic and livelihood impacts within Bangkok’s expanding metropolitan region","authors":"G. Gullette, Paporn Thebpanya, Sayamon Singto","doi":"10.5334/bc.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71051089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire performance and regulatory considerations with modern methods of construction","authors":"B. Meacham","doi":"10.5334/bc.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71050211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological fascination and reluctance: gendered practices in the smart home","authors":"Line kryger Aagaard, Line Valdorff Madsen","doi":"10.5334/bc.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71050295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who cares? How care practices uphold the decentralised energy order","authors":"Kathryn Lucas-Healey, H. Ransan-Cooper, Hugo Temby, A. W. Russell","doi":"10.5334/bc.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71050327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}