Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]最新文献

{"title":"Treatment of Landfill Water by Electrolysis and Magnetic Separation","authors":"Tsuneo Watanabe","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.328","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, an environmentally benign system is necessary for the environmental treatment and material resources that will ensure human survival. This paper describes a new water treatment system with electrolysis and magnetic separation. The system is composed of two different types of electrolysis reactors and a superconducting magnetic separation apparatus. The first iron electrolysis reactor produces iron phosphate and the paramagnetic iron hydroxide particles that absorb some organic compounds. These products are collected by the magnetic filter because of high-gradient magnetic separation. The second PbO2 electrolysis reactor treats the nitrogen and resultant organic compounds by electrochemical oxidation. This system has the following advantages in comparison with the conventional water treatment system that is a result of microbiology-and physical and chemical treatments: -no medicine, no secondary products, fast treatment, requires but small space, is easy to operate and is maintenance-free. This system was applied to on-site test for treating landfill water in the Tokyo Bay area for four months in 2001, from September to December. The flow rate of tested water is 100 liter per hour. The landfill water contains about 200 kinds of species; nitrogen, phospherous, organic compounds, bisphenol A, and others. The total removal efficiencies of this system are as follows; 88% for total phosphate, 77% for total nitrogen, and 62% for COD (chemical oxygen demand). These removal efficiencies are the same as or greater than those of the conventional landfill water treatment system. The results show the possibility of new water treatment system for treating landfill water.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"328-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decontamination of Geothermal Water","authors":"H. Okada, Tomohiro Tada, A. Chiba, H. Nakazawa, K. Mitsuhashi, T. Ohara","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.331","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a water processing system for the removal of arsenic from geothermal water. We adopt the coprecipitation method of Fe (III) hydroxide, in which As is adsorpted to the flocks of Fe (III) hydroxide, and the High Intensity and High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HIHGMS) by superconducting magnets to extract the flocks. We demonstrated that the method reduce arsenic to 0.015mg/L that closed to the environmental standard in Japan, from 3.4mg/L and we purified a large amount of water at high speed. We also describe an estimate of a feasible plant for removal of arsenic in the geothermal water for public use.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Superconducting Accelerator Magnets","authors":"K. Tsuchiya, N. Ohuchi, A. Terashima","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.248","url":null,"abstract":"Superconducting magnets have become essential components of large accelerators/colliders. Their technology has greatly progressed because of the production of Tevatron, HERA, and RHIC magnets and the intense R&D programs for SSC and LHC. In KEK superconducting quadrupole magnets, which are the first superconducting accelerator magnets in Japan, were developed in the 1980s and installed into the interaction regions of the TRISTAN collider. Since commissioned in February 1991, the magnets had operated five years without serious trouble and contributed to double the luminosity. This paper describes the features and the construction history of the magnet systems.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic Force Effect on Pressure Drop and Coupling Loss of Cable in Conduit Conductor","authors":"K. Hamada, Y. Takahashi, K. Matsui, T. Kato, K. Okuno","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.257","url":null,"abstract":"In the Engineering Design Activities of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), a Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) and a CS Insert Coil (CSIC) have been tested successfully. The CSIC conductor consists of 1, 152 superconducting strands bundled on a central cooling channel. As interesting phenomena in the CSIC experiment, it was observed that a pressure drop of the CSIC decreased by about 12% during a current-carrying operation at 40kA, and coupling losses indicated an operating current dependence. It is considered as a hypothesis that an electromagnetic force causes a compressive deformation of superconducting cable in a jacket and that a new flow path was then generated between cable and jacket. Therefore it is also considered that the decreasing of contact resistance between strands as a result of the electromagnetic force derives an increase of coupling losses in the conductor. A pressure drop calculation model with a gap generated by electromagnetic force is constructed. The gap is estimated to be about 1.4mm at nominal operating conditions (13T, 44.3kA). From this calculation, a void fraction as a function of electromagnetic force is evaluated during the current-carrying operation of CSIC. The coupling time constant (nτc) as a function of void fraction is then calculated from the coupling loss measurement result during the pulsed operation of CSMC and CSIC. The evaluated nτc is about 24ms and is close to nτc of 20-30ms of a heat treated short sample having a history of exposure to the electromagnetic force. We used the evaluated nτc as a function of electromagnetic force to calculate the coupling losses, which varied from 24ms to about 50ms during pulsed current operation. These results show a good agreement with measured coupling losses, depending on coil current. To reduce the possibility of strand damage as a result of cable movement, we also here proposed that the void fraction of real ITER conductor should be smaller than that of CSIC, and it is preferable that the void fraction is about 34.5%. In this paper, the quantitative explanation of coupling loss change under the electromagnetic force is described from the viewpoint of the pressure drop change.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of NbTi Superconducting Magnet for Generating Uniform Magnetic Force Fields","authors":"O. Ozaki, H. Morita, Fujihira Junichi, K. Koyanagi, S. Matsumoto, T. Kiyoshi, H. Wada","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.271","url":null,"abstract":"Although protein crystals of high integrity in a microgravity environment have been reported, the actual implementation of these experiments are very limited. The use of magnetic force is among the most promising methods of simulating the virtual microgravity environment on earth. We have been carrying out the development of superconducting magnets for generating uniform magnetic force fields since 1997. It was not clear at the beginning of this study what configuration of superconducting coils could generate high and uniform magnetic force fields most effectively. We used a nonlinear programming method to reach an optimized design. We constructed a superconducting magnet for generating uniform magnetic force fields, whose coil parameters were based on the optimization result. The superconducting magnet was wound with NbTi conductors and designed to generate 240T2/m of the magnetic force field and 9T of the central magnetic field. This magnetic force field can cancel 17% of the gravity force for pure water. The variation of the magnetic force field is less than 1.0% in the axial component and less than 2.0% in the radial component. The uniformity of the axial component was experimentally confirmed. The magnet has now been in operation for protein crystal growth experiments.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"27 1","pages":"271-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization Study of Heat Transport Phenomenon in Supercritical Air near the Maxcondentherm Point","authors":"A. Nakano, M. Shiraishi","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.265","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the results of a visualization study of the phase transition process and heat transport phenomenon in supercritical air near the maxcondentherm point. The phase transition from the vapor/liquid equilibrium state to the supercritical state is observed by the use of a shadowgraph technique. On the other hand, the heat transport phenomenon in supercritical air is investigated by the use of a laser holographic interferometer. The initial temperature gradient, which suppresses the generation of convection, is made in the experiment, and heat is applied in step functions from the planar heater. We can successfully observe the heat transport phenomenon in supercritical air, and the experimental results are compared with that of supercritical nitrogen, We report the difference of the heat transport phenomenon between the supercritical air and the supercritical nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"265-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ITER Project and its Superconducting Coils","authors":"Kiyoshi Yoshida","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.190","url":null,"abstract":"The design and development of the International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor (ITER) have been under way since 1992, based on the international agreement of the Engineering Design Activities (EDA). The design of the main machine and the development of key components were successfully completed by July 2001. The technical specifications of the ITER machine are being prepared for the order of its fabrications in the Coordinated Technical Activities (CTA). The construction of ITER is expected to start by 2005. The ITER machine uses superconducting coils to confine and shape the plasma, and the coil system must be reliably operated to perform the plasma experiment. The system accounts for 28% of the direct ITER capital costs and requires a long manufacturing period (6 years and 6 months). The strand for the superconducting conductor is the first procurement component in the ITER. This paper explains the present design and status of the ITER project and its superconducting coils.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"190-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quarter-century of Fusion Superconducting Magnet Development","authors":"S. Shimamoto","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.180","url":null,"abstract":"Fusion supercondcucting magnet development in Japan started in 1976 as it also did in Western countries. After a quarter-century, 13T was successfully achieved in a bore of 2m and in pulsed operation for plasma current transformer in JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute). Thus it is a good occasion to describe the chronological evolution of the development work in order to transmit this history to the 21st century. After explanation of the Japanese circumstances around 1970 in cryogenic and high field technologies, the paper introduces the technical report, published in 1977 by section of superconducting magnet of the Fusion Council, on the development of tokamak magnet system for experimental reactor. The each decision making of every step in the real projects evolved later is described here. The international collaborations and the application of resulting techniques to new facilities in other laboratories are represented.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"180-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling Law of Stray Fields from SMES Coil Configurations as Functions of Stored Energy and Maximum Magnetic Field","authors":"T. Hamajima, K. Sato, H. Yamada, N. Harada, M. Tsuda, K. Tsutsumi, H. Hayashi, T. Ezaki","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.202","url":null,"abstract":"The recent developments of superconducting magnet technology allow us to construct a small and medium-scale SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System), which would be effectively used for electric power management and quality control because of its high convergence efficiency and its simultaneously quick response of real and reactive power. Since a SMES of this kind should be situated in a power substation or near a demand site, a stray field from superconducting coils restricts its use. The stray field outside a solenoid is analyzed by a series of Legendre polynomials; therefore the results are applied to various coil configurations. We derived the stray fields from various SMES configurations as a function of Rp, where Rp is distance from the coil. In this paper we analyzed the stray fields from single solenoid coil and toroidal coil arrangements, as functions of stored energy E and maximum magnetic field Bm, which are the main parameters of superconducting coil. The stray field from the single solenoid coil configuration decreases as E/Bm, and that from the toroidal coil configuration decreases as (E(n+2)/Bm(2n+1))1/3, where n is the number of coils.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"37 1","pages":"202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Superconducting Maglev System","authors":"H. Nakashima","doi":"10.2221/JCSJ.37.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2221/JCSJ.37.148","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a superconducting Maglev system in Japan was started more than 30 years ago. Since 1997, the running tests have been successfully continued on the Yamanashi test line. A manned run in 1999 attained a speed of 552km/h, The Yamanashi test results proved a remarkable stability of the onboard superconducting magnet system, In these 30 years, we have encountered many difficult problems during this development. In this paper, the history of the Maglev development will be introduced with focus on these problems, especially in regard to the superconducting magnets and onboard refrigerators.","PeriodicalId":93144,"journal":{"name":"Teion kogaku = Cryogenic engineering : [official journal of the Cryogenic Association of Japan]","volume":"49 1","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2221/JCSJ.37.148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}