Journal of pediatrics & child health care最新文献

{"title":"Remote Implementation of a Health Promotion Program in an Underserved High School during COVID-19: Lessons Learned","authors":"Gefter L, Morioka-Douglas N, S. A., Jiang Ca, Rodriguez E","doi":"10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1045","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study examined the impact of remote implementation of a school-based health promotion program on health beliefs and behaviors of adolescent participants from an underserved high school during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: As part of the program, Family Medicine residents trained healthy 10th grade high school students from a vulnerable community in California to become health coaches for family members with diabetes. Five of eight onehour weekly sessions were delivered remotely after shelter in place was mandated. Students completed online pre and post-participation surveys including questions on health beliefs and behaviors and experience with remote learning. We explored factors associated with the likelihood of attending the remote classes, and we used paired T-tests to compare pre-and post-scores of health beliefs and behaviors, and qualitative analysis of open-ended questions to assess differences between those who completed in person sessions only and those who attended remote sessions. Results: 45 participants completed pre-surveys and 26 of those completed postsurveys. 14 of those 26 attended remote program sessions. The 14 who attended the additional remote sessions demonstrated significant improvements in health mindsets (belief that body has self-healing properties p=.045; belief that illness is an opportunity p=.028); consumption of fruits and vegetables (p=.054); consumption of sugary drinks (p=.047); understanding of how to improve their health (p=.055); and frequency of talking about health with their families (p=.057). Participants who did not attend remote sessions did not show significant improvements in these areas. Non-attendees were more likely to be Hispanic and male. Conclusions: These findings suggest that remote health promotion programs could support the health and well-being of adolescents in underserved communities. Yet, more research is essential to ensure all adolescents can participate.","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78378548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Essential Newborn Care Practices in the Squatter Settlements of Islamabad Capital Territory in Pakistan","authors":"Hassan Rh, Hamid Sh, Reza Tr, Hanif Kh, Blanchard Jb, Emmanuel Fe","doi":"10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Background: While Pakistan has shown progress in reducing child mortality, significant challenges exist in reducing neonatal mortality rate. WHO recommends a package of “essential newborn care” practices based on effective coverage to improve newborn survival. Aim: To assess the coverage of Essential Newborn Care (ENC) as defined by WHO guidelines, in the squatter settlements of Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). Methods: This cross-sectional survey gathered community-based data on newborn care practices from 416 eligible mothers within randomly selected squatter settlements of ICT. Three composite outcomes (safe cord care, optimal thermal care and good neonatal feeding) were generated by combining individual practices from a list of WHO recommended ENC practices. ENC was considered when all practices within each domain of safe cord care, ideal thermal care and good neonatal feeding were fulfilled. Results: Only 2.9% of newborns received all components of WHO recommended ENC. Seventeen percent newborns received safe cord care, 40.4% received optimal thermal care and 28.8% followed WHO recommended neonatal feeding practice. Various cultural and societal misconceptions were reported which translate into harmful practices for newborn care. Conclusion: The study highlighted an extremely low coverage level of effective essential newborn care. Pakistan needs to address issues of quality care for newborns through policy and programs which focus on Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) continuum of care. It needs a concerted effort at the grass root level, especially training front line workers to educate mothers on various cultural and societal misconceptions that translate into harmful practices for newborns.","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78845031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Sepsis: A Review of the Literature","authors":"Nyenga Am, M. O, W. So","doi":"10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1042","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal sepsis contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality and is a major public health challenge around the world. Depending on the mode of occurrence, a distinction is made between maternal-transmitted infection and that acquired in the postnatal period. Although the etiologies maternally transmitted diseases are well understood, those of postnatal acquired infections are variable depending on the epidemiology of each hospital environment. On the one hand, risk factors for maternal-transmitted infections are maternal sepsis, prolonged premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and bacteriuria in the mother during pregnancy. On the other hand, risk factors for postnatal acquired infections are prematurity, low birth weight, lack of hygiene, and invasive therapeutic interventions. The diagnosis is based on a series of anamnestic, clinical and biological features. Although the positive diagnosis is based on the isolation of the germ by culture on a body sample (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, etc.); its low sensitivity leads to the use of markers of the acute phase of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and interleukins. New molecular biology techniques are promising and offer precise diagnosis with rapid results. Empirical management is a function of microbial ecology while definitive treatment is guided by the results of microbial culture. This article presents the essential elements for understanding neonatal sepsis and discusses new diagnosis and therapeutic management. It offers a thorough reading based on the issue of infections in newborns.","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76993574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Caudal Epidural Block for Bilateral Testicular Ectopy and Circumcision in Child above 6 Years with Joubert Syndrome","authors":"Fekih Hassen Amjed, B. Asma, Blaiti Hajer, B. Ahmed, Kaddour Refka, Trifa Mehdi","doi":"10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abnormal respiratory control has been clearly documented in infants and children with Joubert Syndrome (JS) by polygraphic recordings, characterized by episodes of apnea, tachypnea, and/or hyperpnea and the risk of recurrence of these episodes increase probably in perioperative period. In those cases, the choice of anesthesia technique and postoperative pain protocol, constitute a challenge for anesthesiologists. Case: We describe a case of successful ultrasound-guided Caudal Epidural Block (CEB) for children above 6 years with Joubert Syndrome undergoing bilateral testicular ectopy and circumcision avoiding opioid-use. Conclusions: Despite the difficulty to achieve CEB in child above 6 years, the ultrasound-guided can increase the success providing effective analgesia in-patient with a high-risk of respiratory failure as child with JS.","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75489531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point of Care Ultrasound (Pocus) in Early Diagnosis of a Pediatric Pauci-Symptomatic Acute Heart Transplant Rejection","authors":"G. Emanuela","doi":"10.13188/2380-0534.1000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0534.1000032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"13 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91425185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition to Adulthood: A Qualitative Case Study of the Lived Experience of a Young American Adolescent in Korea","authors":"Sun-Joung L An","doi":"10.13188/2380-0534.1000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0534.1000031","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative case study was done to gain better understanding of the factors that contributed to the successful social participation and transition to adulthood of an American adolescent, named Addie, diagnosed with epilepsy. Addie’s life chart was used to describe her experience of living with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (epilepsy). Major focus of the study was an exploration of her rich and positive experience of living in Korea, away from home, for 10 weeks. Analysis of Addie’s lived experience in Korea revealed two factors that facilitated her independent living there, in contrast to her previous home life; 1) Social environment and 2) Physical environment and their subcategories. Following her return home from this experience, she was able to generalize the skills gained into her own environment in Los Angeles. The findings of this study indicate that the change in these two factors increased Addie’s self-esteem, confidence, motivation and opportunities for participation in meaningful social interaction, thereby increasing her chance of successfully transitioning into adulthood. has potential impact on health and well-being, participation, social functioning and ultimately, quality of life during adolescence and adulthood [6]. When seizures start between ages 2-5 and persist, they can evolve into the pattern of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS), expressed as multiple seizures that include tonic seizures during sleep and continue lifelong [7]. Seizures can be controlled through adequate use of antiepileptic drugs in about 70% of individuals with epilepsy [8]. Regardless of the ability to control seizure activity, epilepsy has great impact on the lives of individuals affecting their participation, social functioning and successful transition to adulthood. The aim of this qualitative case study was to 1) explore the lived experience of an American adolescent with LGS, who as a young adult lived in the Republic of Korea (Korea) for a period of time, and 2) gain an understanding of the factors that facilitated her successful participation and transition to adulthood.","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"33 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90224091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racism May Interrupt Age-related Brain Growth of African American Children in the United States.","authors":"Shervin Assari,&nbsp;Ron Mincy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considerable research has documented age-related growth in brain size as a marker of normal brain development. This is particularly important because brain volume has a significant role in overall cognitive performance. However, less research is done on whether age-related changes in the global brain volume differ across diverse racial and ethnic groups. We hypothesized that age-related growth in brain size would be disrupted in African American children who are historically affected by racism.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Considering race as a proxy of racism rather than genetics, this study tested racial and ethnic differences in the effects of age on global brain volume using structural brain imaging data. Built on a sociological, rather than a biological theory, we built our study on Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, which argues that under racism, resources and assets are less effective for social groups that are historically racialized, discriminated against, marginalized, and segregated. Considering age as an asset/resource that increases the global brain volume, we expected weaker effects of age on overall brain size of African American and Hispanic children, than White and non-Hispanic children, again as a result of racism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We borrowed the structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) data from the Children Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which included 9,311 9-10 year old children. The independent variable was the child's age treated as a continuous measure (in months). The primary outcome was global brain volume. Sex, parental employment, parental education, household income, and parental marital status were the covariates. Race and ethnicity, as proxies of racism, were the moderators. To analyze the data, we used linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age was positively associated with the global brain size in children. In line with the MDRs, the positive association between age and global brain volume was weaker for African American than White children, while family structure, sex, and family socioeconomic status was controlled.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under racism, age has unequal effects on global brain size of diverse racial groups. In line with the MDRs, we observe diminished age-related growth of the brain for African American children, which documents detrimental effects of racism. For White children who are not affected by racism, age makes a large difference regarding global brain volume. Age-related growth of global brain size is diminished in African American children, whose daily lives are shaped by racism. School and residential segregation may have a role in reducing the effect of age on children's brain growth in African American families. The results should not be interpreted as inferiority of one group but social processes that hinder normal development of a historically oppressed group","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39771842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies Abroad of Adolescents with Special Needs or Disabilities","authors":"Sergei V. Jargin","doi":"10.13188/2380-0534.1000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0534.1000030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91481699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Childhood Caries Experience Associated with Upper Respiratory Infection in US Children: Findings from a Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"A Albelali, T T Wu, H Malmstrom, J Xiao","doi":"10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1044","DOIUrl":"10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2021.1044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Both Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) are infectious diseases. The oral cavity is considered a potential reservoir of respiratory pathogens due to the anatomical proximity between the oral cavity and respiratory system, which implies a potential association between ECC and URI. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the association between ECC experience and URI incidence in preschool children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study collected data <i>via</i> electronic health records. The exposure was ECC before 3 years of age. The dependent variable was the incidence of URI between 4-6 years of age. To analyze the factors associated with the time-to-event of URI, we used log-rank tests and Cox regression models to compare the survival of URI between the ECC and Caries-Free (CF) groups, adjusting factors including demographic-socioeconomic characteristics and medical conditions. To analyze factors associated with the number of URI episodes, we used negative binomial regression models adjusting for factors mentioned above.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 497 US preschool children were included, with 117 ECC and 380 CF children. More children with ECC (58.1%) developed URI than the CF group (47.6%) during the follow-up period (4-6 years of age) (p=0.04). The ECC children were at 1.6 times higher risk to develop URI than the CF children even after accounting for other URI risk factors (Hazard Ratio 1.57 (1.13, 2.10), p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests a potential association between ECC and URI, with an inference that early life ECC experience could be used as a predictor for developing URI in preschool age. The causal relationship between ECC and URI incidence in young children needs to be investigated through future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796997/pdf/nihms-1734737.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39873580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexplained Pectus Carinatum related to Mucopolysacchridosis Type IV, Case report and Literature Review","authors":"Al-buali, R. Zaal, JS Al-Faraj, A. Alali, Al, A. Khamis, HJ Al-buali","doi":"10.13188/2380-0534.1000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0534.1000028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPSs) are group of metabolic disorders belong to large family of lysosomal disorders. MPSs disorders caused by genetic changes that lead to deficiency, absence or malfunctions of specific lysosomal enzymes are required to break down glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Overtime, accumulation of (GAGs) in various body tissues results in permanent progressive damage affecting appearance, physical abilities and systemic function including mental development. MPS type IV (OMIM 612222) also called (Morquio syndrome) characterized by sever skeletal and bone deformities while preserved mental development. Materials and methods: In the present investigation, radiological workup as well as lysosomal enzyme assay and genetic mutation were performed according to the standard protocols. Results: Here, we report a single affected individual (boy) having Saudi origin, suffering from rare mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-IVA. The main presenting complaint is the unexplained sever pectus carinatum in early infancy period. dysostosis multiplex found in skeletal survey and lysosomal enzymatic analysis revealed absence of N-acetylgalactosamin-6-s enzyme support the final diagnosis of MPSIVA which confirmed by genetic mutation in GALNS gene . Conclusion: Patients with unexplained pectus Carinatum and bone deformities as well as dysostosis multiplex changes must be tested for mucopolysaccharidosis. Hence, early treatment with enzyme replacement therapy decreases the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Futher Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatrician, orthopedics, surgery, psychiatry, and clinical geneticist, Genetic counselling an essential part of prevention measures. Material and Methods","PeriodicalId":93121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & child health care","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90074467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}