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Role of E6 and E7 oncoproteins in HPV-induced anogenital malignancies E6和E7癌蛋白在hpv诱导的肛门生殖器恶性肿瘤中的作用
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0037
Michael H.G. Kubbutat, Karen H. Vousden
{"title":"Role of E6 and E7 oncoproteins in HPV-induced anogenital malignancies","authors":"Michael H.G. Kubbutat,&nbsp;Karen H. Vousden","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0037","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The association between infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer is now well established and the viral proteins E6 and E7 have been identified as oncoproteins. The mechanisms by which E6 and E7 overcome normal cell cycle control involve the inactivation of two major tumor suppressor proteins, namely p53 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB). The unscheduled entry into S-phase enforced by E7 through interaction with pRB in combination with the disruption of the p53 checkpoint by E6 can lead to genomic instability that might represent a basic step towards the development of HPV-induced anogenital malignancies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 295-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51138221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
Introduction: Viruses in human cancers 导言:人类癌症中的病毒
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0036
Laimonis A. Laimins
{"title":"Introduction: Viruses in human cancers","authors":"Laimonis A. Laimins","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>No abstract</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 293-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51138137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The role of proteolytic cleavage of viral glycoproteins in the pathogenesis of influenza virus infections 病毒糖蛋白蛋白水解裂解在流感病毒感染发病机制中的作用
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0030
Masato Tashiro , Rudolf Rott
{"title":"The role of proteolytic cleavage of viral glycoproteins in the pathogenesis of influenza virus infections","authors":"Masato Tashiro ,&nbsp;Rudolf Rott","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infectivity, tropism, spread, and pathogenicity of influenza viruses are based on the interplay between the fusogenic glycoproteins and appropriate host endoproteases. The hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A and B viruses and the HEF (hemagglutinating, esterase, fusion) glycoprotein of influenza C virus receive their full biological activity by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor molecule at a definite cleavage site. The amino acid motifs at the cleavage site and the availability of suitable proteases are critical for the clinical manifestation of the infection. Prototype cleavage proteases, including bacterial enzymes, are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51138101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Cytokine release and innate immunity in respiratory viral infection 呼吸道病毒感染的细胞因子释放与先天免疫
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0032
Kathleen Maletic Neuzil , Barney S. Graham
{"title":"Cytokine release and innate immunity in respiratory viral infection","authors":"Kathleen Maletic Neuzil ,&nbsp;Barney S. Graham","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0032","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus are the two most important causes of viral lower respiratory tract disease. The innate immune response to these viruses, determined by multiple cell types, creates a cytokine milieu that affects the adaptive immune response and disease manifestations. This review addresses the function of cytokines released from cells resident in the respiratory tract after infection with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, and how differences in early cytokine release may impact disease pathogenesis and host response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 255-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51137703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Introduction: Viral pathogenesis 病毒的发病机制
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0028
Peter F. Wright
{"title":"Introduction: Viral pathogenesis","authors":"Peter F. Wright","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0028","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>No abstract.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 225-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51137970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization of viral entry and release in epithelial cells 上皮细胞中病毒进入和释放的极化
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0031
Dianna M. Blau, Richard W. Compans
{"title":"Polarization of viral entry and release in epithelial cells","authors":"Dianna M. Blau,&nbsp;Richard W. Compans","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0031","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epithelial cells line the body and organ surfaces, and form a barrier to virus entry as well as to dissemination of progeny virus in the infected host. Epithelial cells are typically polarized and exhibit two distinct surface domains. Viruses may enter polarized epithelial cells through only one membrane surface and not the other, thus restricting sites which are susceptible to infection. Furthermore, the release of many viruses from epithelial cells is directional, which may have important implications in pathogenesis. The restricted sites of viral entry and release are also important determinants of the availability of viral components for interaction with the immune system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51137643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Interactions of viruses with respiratory epithelial cells 病毒与呼吸道上皮细胞的相互作用
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0029
Peter F. Wright, Mine Ikizler, Kecia N. Carroll, Yasuhiro Endo
{"title":"Interactions of viruses with respiratory epithelial cells","authors":"Peter F. Wright,&nbsp;Mine Ikizler,&nbsp;Kecia N. Carroll,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Endo","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0029","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The in-vivo growth of respiratory viruses is dependent on replication in epithelial cell populations forming the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract. Primary epithelial cells have been established in tissue culture and are providing insight into the control of replication of viruses such as influenza, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus. This review will focus on this system and more general exploration of the interactions of respiratory viruses with the epithelium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51138049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Mechanisms of inactivation of respiratory viruses by IgA, including intraepithelial neutralization IgA对呼吸道病毒灭活的机制，包括上皮内中和
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0035
Mary B. Mazanec , Yung T. Huang , Sanjay W. Pimplikar , Michael E. Lamm
{"title":"Mechanisms of inactivation of respiratory viruses by IgA, including intraepithelial neutralization","authors":"Mary B. Mazanec ,&nbsp;Yung T. Huang ,&nbsp;Sanjay W. Pimplikar ,&nbsp;Michael E. Lamm","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0035","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>IgA is thought to provide three levels of anti-viral protection in the respiratory and other mucous membranes. First, IgA antibodies can complex with free virions, preventing their adhesion to the epithelium. Second, since IgA is actively transported by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) through epithelial cells into the mucosal secretions, IgA may be able to interrupt virus production within infected epithelial cells by binding to newly synthesized viral proteins. Finally, since mucosal immunoglobulins are produced by plasma cells in the lamina propria, IgA antibodies, via the pIgR, can potentially shuttle viral antigens released from epithelial cells back into the mucosal secretions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51138570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Cytotoxic T cells in influenza immunity 流感免疫中的细胞毒性T细胞
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0033
David T. Karzon
{"title":"Cytotoxic T cells in influenza immunity","authors":"David T. Karzon","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0033","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A key role for CD8<sup>+</sup>CTL in influenza virus clearance has been defined in the mouse model. This is supported by the demonstration of linkage of CTL kinetics to viral clearance and disease modulation, by direct lysis of cells infected with non-neutralizable subtypes, and by adoptive transfer and deletion of CTLs. Further, immunization with DNA encoding influenza nucleoprotein protects in the absence of antibody. While the documentation of a parallel role in human infection is limited, the mouse model provides a conceptually valid surrogate for human infection and immunity. Rapid memory CTL recall should be of most value in the presence of infection where antibody is inadequate, such as in the elderly and those with chronic disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51138359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
The role of antibodies in respiratory viral immunity 抗体在呼吸道病毒免疫中的作用
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1996.0034
James E. Crowe, Jr
{"title":"The role of antibodies in respiratory viral immunity","authors":"James E. Crowe, Jr","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0034","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1996.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibodies protect against disease caused by viruses that infect the lower respiratory tract, and contribute to the resolution of established infection by these pathogens. The kinetics and specificities of antibodies secreted in response to respiratory virus infections are described, however the mechanisms by which antibodies prevent or resolve infection are less clear. Recent studies of virus neutralization in cell culture, the immunobiology of respiratory virus infections in animal models, and passive immunoprophylaxis of human patients are beginning to better define the role of antibodies in immunity to respiratory viruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 273-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1996.0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51138542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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