Livestock production science最新文献

{"title":"Adjuvant-attenuated symptom severity of influenza infections in vaccinated children.","authors":"Charlotte Switzer, Chris P Verschoor, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Pardeep Singh, Mark Loeb","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young children are at high risk for developing complications of influenza, as well as severe clinical presentation of disease. Vaccination provides direct protection and reduces symptom severity in breakthrough infections. We assessed whether adjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine is associated with symptom severity in children who developed laboratory-confirmed influenza, as compared to children who received quadrivalent inactivated influenza.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cluster randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccines in Canadian Hutterite colonies was conducted from the 2016-2017 to the 2018-2019 influenza season. Children were vaccinated with either quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), or the MF59 adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV). We assessed children who developed PCR-confirmed influenza infection for symptom severity outcomes using multivariable generalized negative binomial regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among vaccinated children, 49 infections were observed across 1779 person-days. Vaccine formulation (aTIV vs QIV) was not significantly associated with composite symptom outcomes, including total number of symptoms or total duration of symptom presentation (<i>p</i> > 0.05 for all outcomes). Receipt of aTIV vaccination was significantly associated with attenuation of fever, with an estimated 74% reduction in fever severity. In influenza A type infections, adjuvanted vaccination was significantly associated with reduced systemic symptoms (incidence rate ratios: 0.16, 95% confidence intervals: 0.03, 0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.01). No associations were observed between vaccine formulation and symptom severity in influenza B infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In vaccinated children who develop an influenza infection, vaccine formulation was associated with attenuated fever severity, leading to reduced systemic symptoms. In influenza A infections, adjuvanted vaccination was significantly associated with reduced systemic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical Trials Registry: NCT02871206.</p>","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"43 1","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75194375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and Physical Activity Patterns in Urban American Indian Children.","authors":"Vernon M Grant, Emily J Tomayko, Raymond D Kingfisher","doi":"10.5993/AJHB.44.1.7","DOIUrl":"10.5993/AJHB.44.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> In this study, we examined patterns of obesity, physical activity (PA), sleep, and screen time in urban American Indian (AI) youth in the 6^th-8^th grade. <b>Methods:</b> A youth sample (N = 36) from 3 middle schools was recruited to participate in this observational sample of convenience. Youth completed a demographic and screen time survey, measurements of height and weight, and wore a wrist accelerometer continuously for 7 days to assess PA and sleep. <b>Results:</b> Approximately 42% of participants were overweight or obese. Average weekday screen time was 254.7±98.1 minutes. Compared to weekdays, weekend sedentary activity increased (weekday, 159.2±81.1 minutes vs weekend, 204.3±91.7 minutes; p = .03) and vigorous PA (weekday, 20.9±19.1 minutes vs weekend, 5.7±8.1 minutes; p = .0001) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (weekday, 192.65±62.3 minutes vs weekend, 141±71.7 minutes; p = .002) decreased. Compared to weekdays, weekend total sleep time (weekday, 512.8±48.6 minutes vs weekend, 555.3±84.3 minutes; p = .007) and time in bed (weekday, 487.3±49.6 minutes vs weekend, 528.6±71.2 minutes; p = .01) increased. <b>Conclusions:</b> Weekday to weekend shifts in PA and sleep must be considered when designing targeted obesity prevention interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"26 1","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7373171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75351498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readmission after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: analysis of 584 consecutive cases.","authors":"Iyan Younus, Mina M Gerges, Georgiana A Dobri, Rohan Ramakrishna, Theodore H Schwartz","doi":"10.3171/2019.7.JNS191558","DOIUrl":"10.3171/2019.7.JNS191558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hospital readmission is a key component in value-based healthcare models but there are limited data about the 30-day readmission rate after endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pituitary adenoma. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and identify factors associated with 30-day readmission after EETS for pituitary adenoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors analyzed a prospectively acquired database of patients who underwent EETS for pituitary adenoma from 2005 to 2018 at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine. Clinical, socioeconomic, and radiographic data were reviewed for cases of unplanned readmission within 30 days of surgery and, as a control group, for all other patients in the series who were not readmitted. Statistical significance was determined with an alpha < 0.05 using Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and the independent-samples t-test for continuous variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 584 patients undergoing EETS for pituitary adenoma, 27 (4.6%) had unplanned readmission within 30 days. Most readmissions occurred within the first week after surgery, with a mean time to readmission of 6.6 ± 3.9 days. The majority of readmissions (59%) were for hyponatremia. These patients had a mean sodium level of 120.6 ± 4.6 mEq/L at presentation. Other causes of readmission were epistaxis (11%), spinal headache (11%), sellar hematoma (7.4%), CSF leak (3.7%), nonspecific headache (3.7%), and pulmonary embolism (3.7%). The postoperative length of stay was significantly shorter for patients who were readmitted than for the controls (2.7 ± 1.0 days vs 3.9 ± 3.2 days; p < 0.05). Patients readmitted for hyponatremia had an initial length of stay of 2.6 ± 0.9 days, the shortest of any cause for readmission. The mean BMI was significantly lower for readmitted patients than for the controls (26.4 ± 3.9 kg/m2 vs 29.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Readmission after EETS for pituitary adenoma is a relatively rare phenomenon, with delayed hyponatremia being the primary cause. The study results demonstrate that shorter postoperative length of stay and lower BMI were associated with 30-day readmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"15 1","pages":"1242-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75350244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals on Blood Pressure-Lowering Treatment.","authors":"Wolfgang Lieb, Danielle M Enserro, Lisa M Sullivan, Ramachandran S Vasan","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.115.002155","DOIUrl":"10.1161/JAHA.115.002155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertensive individuals on blood pressure (BP)-lowering treatment with BP in the normal or high-normal range have higher cardiovascular risk than untreated persons with usual BP in the same range. This residual risk (relative and absolute) is not well quantified and may be attributable in part to the higher burden of subclinical disease in treated individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We assigned 3024 Framingham Offspring Cohort participants to 5 categories based on systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and use of BP-lowering treatment: (1) untreated SBP/DBP <120/80 mm Hg; (2) untreated SBP/DB ≥120/80 to <140/90 mm Hg; (3) treated SBP/DBP <140/90 mm Hg; (4) untreated SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg; and (5) treated SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg. A composite subclinical disease score was constructed, including information on left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, carotid ultrasound abnormality, peripheral artery disease, and microalbuminuria. The prevalence of subclinical disease rose across BP groups, as did the event rates for incident cardiovascular disease (449 events, median follow-up of 11 years; group 1, 0.65 event per 100 person-years; group 5, 3.20 events per 100 person-years; P<0.0001 for trend). On multivariable adjustment, treated hypertensives in groups 3 and 5 had 50% (95% CI 13% to 99%) and 28% (95% CI -6% to 73%) higher hazards, respectively, of developing cardiovascular disease compared with their untreated counterparts with similar levels of BP (groups 1 and 2 and group 4, respectively). The increased risk of cardiovascular disease in treated hypertensives was attributable in part to greater subclinical disease burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treated hypertensives have higher subclinical cardiovascular disease burden, which partly explains their higher cardiovascular disease risk compared with untreated persons with similar BP levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4845218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78264219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EAAP News No. 55. (December 2005)","authors":"John Hodges","doi":"10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"98 3","pages":"Pages 225-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.11.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72106435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcass dissection and commercial meat yield in Piemontese and Belgian Blue double-muscled young bulls","authors":"D. Biagini,&nbsp;C. Lazzaroni","doi":"10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>To study the differences in meat yield in hypertrophied cattle, a commercial dissection trial was carried out on 48 carcasses obtained from 24 Piemontese (P: 12 reared with a restricted feeding, P-R, and 12 fed ad libitum, P-L), and 24 Belgian Blue (B: 12 reared with a restricted feeding, BB-R, and 12 fed ad libitum, BB-L) young bulls. The animals were reared under the same environmental condition and slaughtered at the same age and fattening degree. During commercial dissection, the weights of the retail cuts were recorded. Three fore-quarter meat cuts were heavier in P than in BB, while nine meat cuts (two from fore-quarter and seven from hind-quarter), hind-quarter meat and prime quality meat were heavier in BB than in P. Fat weight was higher in BB than in P, whereas meat production as a percentage of carcass side weight was higher in P than in BB. Only one hind-quarter meat cut was heavier in the ad libitum (L) than in the restricted (R) group, whereas meat yield was higher in R than in L. In comparing the meat yield in carcass sides of P-R, P-L, BB-R and BB-L fed young bulls, four meat cuts (one from fore-quarter and three from hind-quarter), hind-quarter, prime quality and 3rd quality meat were heavier in BB-L (</span><em>P</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.05), while one shoulder cut and fore-quarter were heavier in P-R group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"98 3","pages":"Pages 199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55266416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents of Livestock Production Science, Volume 98","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0301-6226(05)00371-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(05)00371-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"98 3","pages":"Pages 271-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0301-6226(05)00371-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72107238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Lineweaver–Burk data transformation to explain animal and plant performance as a function of nutrient supply","authors":"R.P. Lana,&nbsp;R.H.T.B. Goes,&nbsp;L.M. Moreira,&nbsp;A.B. Mâncio,&nbsp;D.M. Fonseca,&nbsp;L.O. Tedeschi","doi":"10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the effect of dry-season concentrate supplementation on growing cattle performance grazing tropical pasture and the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the growth rate of tropical pasture (tons of dry herbage mass/ha/110 days) and on the subsequent stocking rate and cattle performance during the rainy season (kg body weight gain/ha/110 days). The animal and plant responses were curvilinear to the increasing amount of nutrient supply and followed the typical saturation kinetics of enzyme systems, a Michaelis–Menten relationship. The Lineweaver–Burk data transformation explained efficiently the animal and plant responses to the nutrient supply. This methodology consists in evaluating the linear regressions of the reciprocal of animal and plant responses as a function of the reciprocal of nutrient supply. The half maximum growth rates for plant and animal to nutrient supply were verified with the proportions from .048 to .056 of the amount needed to cause .95 of theoretical maximum responses. From the curvilinear response, it can be verified that the marginal increase in animal and plant growth rate reduces as the amount of nutrient supply increases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"98 3","pages":"Pages 219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.03.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55265391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle protein degradation in bull calves with compensatory growth","authors":"Margrethe Therkildsen","doi":"10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Twelve 5-month-old bull calves were allocated to two feeding strategies: AA, 6 calves were fed ad libitum 34 weeks; and RA, 6 calves were fed restrictively for 14 weeks with an intake of 50% of the metabolic energy and protein eaten by the AA calves, followed by ad libitum feeding for 20 weeks. At the end of the 14-week restriction period, and after 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 weeks of re-alimentation, urine, blood and muscle biopsy samples from <em>M. longissimus dorsi</em> (LD) were collected. The urine was analysed for 3-methylhistidine for determination of the fractional breakdown rate of muscle protein (FBR). The FBR was depressed during restricted feeding (1.4 versus 2.0%/day; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.05), however, during re-alimentation where the calves exerted compensatory growth, the FBR increased and reached a maximum after 5 weeks into this period (3.1 versus 1.9%/day; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). The maximal FBR in the RA calves coincided with a maximum concentration of RNA and DNA in LD, and a maximal fractional rate of growth. The activity of μ-calpain in LD and the concentration of IGF-I in serum were decreased at the end of the restriction period but increased as soon as energy was offered ad libitum. The results support the hypothesis that muscle protein turnover is affected by a restriction/re-alimentation feeding strategy, and that muscle protein degradation reaches a maximum during the re-alimentation period, which exceeds that of control animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"98 3","pages":"Pages 205-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55266423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subject index–volumes 92–98 (2005)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0301-6226(05)00370-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(05)00370-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92934,"journal":{"name":"Livestock production science","volume":"98 3","pages":"Pages 263-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0301-6226(05)00370-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72106436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}