Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Impact of sleep quality on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Ganiu A. Ayinla, B. Ayinmode, Ibrahim S. Kuranga, K. B. Okesina, Y. Uthman, M. Ayinla","doi":"10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inadequate sleep is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and has a negative impact on glycaemic management. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between sleep quality and glucose control in individuals with T2DM. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Medicine Clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Three hundred and seventy-eight participants took part in the research (103 men and 275 women). Questionnaires were used to compile the data, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was included. Diabetic indicators were gathered using a combination of a thorough medical history assessment and a battery of diagnostic testing. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 20.0. \u0000Results: The median age of the respondents was 61.01 (S.D. ± 9.8) years. Seventy-four percent (74%) of people reported having poor sleep quality, 45.5% had poorly controlled diabetes, and 29.9% were obese. Inadequate sleep or poor sleep quality was shown to be statistically linked with poor glycaemic management (p= 0.0001). There were significant associations between glycaemic management and subjective sleep quality (OR 1.495, 95% C.I 1.039-2.152), sleep disturbances (OR 0.279, 95% C.I 0.122-0.636), and daytime dysfunction (OR 3.571, 95% C.I 2.253-5.662). \u0000Conclusion: This research shows that poor glycaemic management is linked to poor sleep quality in people with T2DM.","PeriodicalId":92919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47602966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory role of dose-dependent quercetin supplemented diet on behavioral and anti-oxidant system in Drosophila melanogaster model","authors":"J. Olanrewaju, A. Bayo-Olugbami, J. Enya, M. Etuh, O. Soyinka, Wunmi Akinnawo, O. Oyebanjo, Patrick Okwute, Dayo Omotoso, Toluwanimi Afolabi, Alege Pelumi, Oladimeji Soremekun, Levi Arietarhire, Esther O. Olatoye, U. J. Kalu","doi":"10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Quercetin is an abundant bio-flavonoid in foods having several biological activities including anti-oxidant properties. However, the toxicity of quercetin may limit its use. Therefore, screening a graded dose of quercetin may be an important step in its use as a dietary supplement. Hence, the effects of graded doses of quercetin on the survival, locomotive behavior and oxidant-antioxidant system in D. Melanogaster was investigated.Methods: A Survival assay was conducted by feeding 50 fruit flies per vial with 50-400 mg/g quercetin-diet for 14 days. For behavioral and biochemical studies, flies were divided into 4 vials (50 flies each) 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/g quercetin-diet. Flies were treated with vehicle or quercetin for 7 days. Behavioral assessment of negative geotaxis was determined from the climbing activities of flies. Finally, flies were killed, homogenized and centrifuged for supernatant for the assay of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total thiol.Results: Quercetin treated groups showed a dose-dependent significant decrease (p<0.001) in survival rate. Climbing activity was unaltered at 100 mg but significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 200 and 300mg quercetin. Total thiol was not significantly altered (p>0.05) across the groups, MDA was reduced (p<0.05) at 300 mg compared to control, CAT activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) at 100-200 mg compared to control while GSH and SOD at 100-200 mg of quercetin increased.Conclusion: Quercetin showed better antioxidant activity at lower doses and adversely affected the climbing behavior and survival rate at higher doses. Therefore, quercetin use should be dose modulated and used with caution.","PeriodicalId":92919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49197015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cannabidiol oil and prednisolone on liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers and liver histology in cadmium induced toxicity in male Wistar rats","authors":"S. K. Mobisson, P. C. Onyebuagu, I. Wopara, D. Izunwanne, Emmanuel C. Madu, Augustine C. Emeruem, J. B. Monye, A. O. Obembe","doi":"10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to ascertain the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) oil and prednisolone on serum liver enzyme markers and hepatic oxidative stress markers on cadmium-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Forty (40) male Wistar rats weighing between 150g to 200g were assigned into 8 groups (A-H) of five animals each. Group 1 served as control, Groups 2-8 received 1mg/kg body weight of prednisolone; 1.5mg/kg bw of cadmium; 1mg/kg bw of prednisolone + 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil; 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil + 2mg/kg bw of cadmium; 3mg/kg bw of prednisolone + 2mg/kg of cadmium; 0.1mg/kg bw of CBD-oil and 0.2mg/kg bw of CBD-oil respectively. The administration was done using an orogastric tube (gavage) for 14 days. Results revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in all treated groups compared to control. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in all treated groups compared to control. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in treated groups compared to the control. Liver catalase significantly increased in rats fed with pred +cadmium compared to control and other treated groups. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly decreased in (p<0.05) the group treated with cadmium compared to the control and prednisolone groups. Liver malondialdehyde concentration did not reveal any significant change (p>0.05). Liver glutathione peroxidase significantly decreased in treated groups than in control. Liver-reduced glutathione significantly decreased across treated groups than the control. Histology of the liver revealed degeneration of hepatocytes and vascular congestion in groups treated with prednisolone, prednisolone+ cadmium, and CBD oil (0.2mg/kg). We conclude that CBD oil, prednisolone, and Cadmium administration at different doses decreased the concentration of serum liver enzyme and oxidative stress markers but caused local inflammation of the liver. If this study is applicable to humans, CBD-oil and prednisolone should be cautiously taken as they may likely present adverse effects, especially in people with liver disease.","PeriodicalId":92919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticholinesterase activity and antioxidant effect of vitamin E in aluminium chloride induced toxicity in &lt;i&gt;Drosophila melanogaster&lt;/i&gt;","authors":"C. A. Inneh, Bibiana O. Eiya","doi":"10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) toxicity has been reported to be linked with impaired locomotion, memory, learning, oxidative stress and impairment of cholinergic function which are synonymous with features seen in Alzehmiers disease (AD). Vitamin E has been put forward as a possible therapeutic intervention for AD. However, there are controversies as to whether Vitamin E is beneficial in the management of AD. Anticholinesterase activity and antioxidant potential of vitamin E was evaluated in aluminium chloride induced toxicity in Drosophila Melanogaster.Methods: A 2.5mg dose of Vitamin E was considered the appropriate standard for this study after exposure of flies to varying doses of vitamin E in a 15-day survival study. Group I served as control while group II were treated with 40mM aluminium chloride (AlCl3) via their diet. Group III were treated with 2.5mg of Vitamin E via their diet and Group IV were co-administered with 40 mM AlCl3 and 2.5mg of Vitamin E via their diet. The flies were maintained on these treatments at room temperature for seven (7) days. Negative geotaxis was carried out to assess for locomotor performance (climbing activity). The impact of 40 mM AlCl3 and/0r 2.5mg of Vitamin E on the survival rate of flies was also evaluated by carrying out a 15-day survival study At the end of the experimental period, the flies were homogenized and the supernatants were used to assay for, malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities.Results: AlCl3 significantly reduced (P<0.05) the survival rate, decreased the climbing activity of flies, elevated MDA concentration and AChE activities of flies. SOD, CAT and GST activities were also significantly reduced (P<0.05) in AlCl3 treated flies. In the co treatment protocol, vitamin E was able to significantly improve (P<0.05) the survival rate, improved their climbing activity and ameliorated AlCl3 increase in AChE activity and MDA concentration in these flies. In addition, vitamin E significantly attenuated (P<0.05) AlCl3 induced decrease in SOD, CAT and GST activities.Conclusion: This study has shown that vitamin E has both antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities and could be of therapeutic benefits against AlCl3 induced toxicity and associated diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":92919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Seed (Nigella sativa) oil restores smoke or nicotine-induced vascular impairment via improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxation: role of nitric oxide synthase and voltage-sensitive potassium channels","authors":"A. Adejare, A. Oloyo, Imaila O. Ishola, A. Busari, K. Ismail-Badmus, Muhammed M. Abdulrazaq","doi":"10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the overwhelming evidence linking smoking and nicotine intake with vascular function impairments, the mechanisms involved and the possible ameliorative effect of black seed (Nigella sativa (NS)) oil administration are not clearly understood. This study sought to determine the involvement of nitric oxide synthase and voltage-sensitive potassium channels in the modulation of vascular reactivity in cigarette or nicotine-exposed rats treated with NS oil. \u0000Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups comprising vehicle control (Control), NS oil only (NS), Smoke only (SMK), Smoke + NS oil (SMKNS), Nicotine only (NCT) and Nicotine + NS oil (NCTNS). Animals were either passively exposed to cigarette smoke or nicotine vapour for 12 weeks, however, NS oil treatment commenced from 9th-12th week orally. At the end of the 12-week experimental period, vascular reactivity to norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed with or without the presence of L-nitro-arginine (LNA) or 4-Amino-pyridine (4AP). \u0000Results: Percent contractile response to NE was higher (p < 0.01) while relaxation response to ACh was lower in the SMK and NCT (p < 0.05) groups. LNA-induced inhibition to ACh was significantly reduced in both SMK and NCT groups. 4AP-induced inhibition to ACh was significantly increased only in the NCT group. 4AP-induced inhibition to SNP was increased in SMK group. NS oil reduced only contractile response to NE in NCT group. It also significantly improved relaxation response to ACh as well as restored LNA-induced inhibition to ACh in the SMK and NCT groups. Interestingly, while NS oil reduced 4AP-induced inhibition in the NCT group, it reduced 4AP-induced inhibition to SNP in the SMK group. \u0000Conclusion: NS oil ameliorates vascular dysfunction by reducing contractile response in rats exposed to nicotine vapour while increasing endothelium-dependent relaxation as well as restoring differentially both LNA- and 4AP-induced inhibition in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and nicotine vapour.","PeriodicalId":92919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effect of ginger (an anti-inflammatory medicinal herb) and aspirin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) on liver enzymes in male albino Wistar rats","authors":"Ekementeabasi Aniebo Umoh, Victor Kanu Uno, A. E. Effiong, Effiom-ekaha Otu, Joseph Okon Asuquo, E. E. Osim, Atim-Ebim Michael Raymond, H. Okoroiwu","doi":"10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jaaps.v11i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Herbal therapies mediate similar functions with those of some well-known drugs. Ginger and aspirin are herbal and drug therapies respectively which are used for the treatment of anti-inflammatory conditions. Non-steroidal medicinal drugs especially aspirin and acetaminophen are usually linked to drug-induced liver injury. Therefore, this research seeks to compare the effect of these two therapies on liver function using aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as the biomarkers. The aim of the study was to establish if ginger will offer a better hepatocellular protection considering that the use of aspirin in treating inflammatory disorders is already linked to liver injury. \u0000Methods: AST, ALT, ALP, Total, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin were assessed in this study using 18 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three groups (control, ginger and aspirin), six (6) rats per group. The three groups of animals were allowed access to food and water daily throughout the experimental period. Ginger group animals were administered 150 mg/kg dose of aqueous ginger extract while aspirin group of animals also received 150 mg/kg dose of aspirin for four weeks. Control group received normal saline of equal volume with the test groups. \u0000Results: AST, ALT, total and conjugated bilirubin was significantly lower in ginger group compared to aspirin and the control group (P<0.05). However, ALP was significantly higher in ginger group compared to aspirin and the control group (P<0.05). Unconjugated bilirubin showed no significant difference among experimental groups. \u0000Conclusion: Result showed that ginger offered a better hepatocellular protection compared to aspirin group following decrease AST and ALT concentration in the ginger group.","PeriodicalId":92919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-arginase induces vascular dysfunction in old spontaneously hypertensive rats.","authors":"O Arishe,&nbsp;J McKenzie,&nbsp;F Priviero,&nbsp;A B Ebeigbe,&nbsp;R Clinton Webb","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is a major non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Changes in aging are similar to those seen in hypertension in the vasculature. Also, aging increases the vascular dysfunction that occurs in hypertension. L-arginase action reduces substrate (L-arginine) availability for the formation of nitric oxide (NO). This reduces the level of NO and leads to reduced vasodilation and ultimately, vascular dysfunction. This study examines the hypothesis that age-dependent vascular dysfunction in SHRs is mediated by arginase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Young (12-14 weeks) and old (11-12 months) male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in the rats. They were then euthanized and mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs) and thoracic aortae were excised and placed in ice-cold physiological salt solution (PSS). Arterial segments were either snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored for immunoblotting studies or cut into 2mm rings for reactivity studies. Cumulative concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (Ach: 10^-9 - 3x10^-5M) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP: 10^-12 - 3x10^-5 M) were performed in the absence or presence (30-minute exposure) of L-arginase, 0.05U/ML (MRA) or 0.5U/ML (aorta). Vessels were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE; 3x10^-6M).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAP increased during aging in the SHRs p<0.05 but not in the Wistar rats. Arginase impaired the endothelium-dependent relaxation responses of thoracic aortic and MRA arterial rings to Ach in the old Wistars and SHRs (Emax aorta: 29.42±2.19% vs 7.94±1.86%). Arginase also impaired endothelium-independent relaxation response to SNP in the old SHRs only (Emax aorta: 88.62±4.10% vs 31.45±10.61%). We also observed no differences in the serum arginase activity in the four groups of rats. On the contrary, arginase activity in the aortae of young Wistar rats was reduced compared to other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Arginase impairs both endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation responses, through the NO signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":92919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences","volume":"7 2","pages":"119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051016/pdf/nihms-1552523.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37698624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}