Ophthalmology research and reports最新文献

{"title":"Protecting the Corneal Endothelium during Cataract Surgery Using the Anterior Capsulorhexis Flap as a Corneal Protection Shield","authors":"Stjepanek Kristina, H. Nino, Amir-Asgari Sahand, Hienert Julius, F. Oliver","doi":"10.33425/2639-9482.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9482.1017","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Classification and quantification of swirling lens fragments during phacoemulsification with or without using the capsulorhexis flap as an additional endothelial protective shield. Also, to determine the effects on endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT) caused by fragments during cataract surgery. Methods: Patients with dense cataracts scheduled for surgery were randomized into study and control groups (2:1). In the study group, the anterior capsule ‘flap’ from the capsulorhexis was used as an endothelial protection shield during phacoemulsification. The control group underwent standard surgery. During surgery, intra-operative optical coherence tomography was performed to score swirling lens fragments that hit the corneal endothelium. CCT and ECC were measured at several time points before and after surgery. Results: In total, 176 fragments in 49 eyes of 49 patients came in contact with the corneal endothelium. The mean number of fragments was 2.8 in the study group and 4.8 in the control group. There was no statistically significant change of ECC between the groups. Mean CCT increased by 16.6 µm in the study group and by 42µm in the control group 1 day postoperatively. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the increase in CCT. Conclusions: No significant benefit concerning ECC or CCT was found in the study group compared to the control group, meaning that we were not able to prove that using the capsulorhexis flap as a protection shield is a sufficient method of protecting the corneal endothelium.","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87873003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tonometric profile of patients at Kara University Teaching Hospital in Togo","authors":"Amedome Kokou Messan, Assavedo Codjo Rodrigue Abel, Vonor Kokou, Ayéna Koffi Didier, Balo Komib","doi":"10.33425/2639-9482.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9482.1023","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Our study aimed to describe the tonometric profile of patients consulting in the Ophthalmology department of University Teaching Hospital of Kara (UTH Kara). Study method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study on the files of patients who consulted in the ophthalmology department of the CHU Kara and who performed a tonometric examination over the period from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021 i.e. a period of 02 and a half years. Results: During this 30-month study period, 225 patients consulted in the ophthalmology department of University Teaching Hospital of Kara, which corresponds to a six-monthly frequency of 20% (45 patients). The mean age of our patients was 29.78 ± 13.39 years with extremes of 5 and 69 years. The 11 to 21 age group was in the majority. the female sex was predominant (65.78%) with an M / F ratio of 0.52. Pupils / students (48.90%) and civil servants (31.20%) were the majority of the consultants. Eye pain (23.6%), blurring of vision (21.3%), Headache (17.8%) and reduced visual acuity (13.3%) were the main reasons for consultation. The mean intraocular pressure of our patients was 15.46 mm Hg. It was 15.52 mm Hg ± 4.26 in the right eye (OD) and 15.41 mm Hg ± 4.70 in the left eye (OG). In 4.4% of cases, ocular hypertonia between 22 and 29 mmHg was noted. Conclusion: The prevention of the occurrence of glaucoma in isolated hypertonia and better management of known glaucomatous patients seem to justify rigorous tonometric monitoring at all ages.","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73074952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspects of Corneal Abscesses at the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"O. Y, D. Z, G. Le, Koffi Kfh, T. Y, Babayeju Orl, Sékongo L, Bilé Pefk, Diomandé Gf, Diomandé Ia","doi":"10.33425/2639-9482.1019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9482.1019","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of corneal abscesses treated in the ophthalmology department at the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, in order to contribute to an improvement in their management. Materials and methods: A longitudinal retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records of patients with corneal abscesses who received follow-up in the department. from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016 and 21 cases of unilateral abscesses were collected from a total of 18,585 cases. Results: The frequency of corneal abscesses was 0.11%. The average age of patients was 27.71 years (1-year and 73-year extremes) with a male predominance (1.1 sex ratio). Housewives and farmers accounted for 57.14%. Patients were admitted more than 7 days after the onset of signs in 33.33% of cases. At admission, the visual acuity of the affected eye was less than 1/20 in 16 patients (76.19%) and among them, 6 had no light perception. The abscess was localized to the left eye in 11 patients (52.38%). Its largest diameter was greater than 2 millimetres in 14 patients (66.66%), its seat was in the visual axis in 10 patients (47.61%) and in 12 patients (57.14%), its depth exceeded two-thirds of the corneal thickness. Corneal perforation was observed in 6 cases (28.57%) and severity factors were found in 19 patients (90.47%). No microbiological examination was performed and treatment was based on probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The cure was achieved but at the cost of anatomical sequelae whose functional consequences were visual acuity less than 1/20 in 76.19% of cases. Conclusion: corneal abscesses are infrequent but very serious with poor prognosis in our conditions. This prognosis can be improved by early and adequate management, including microbiology-guided antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75839559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up-Dated the Critical Issues of Corneal Cross-Linking (Type-I and II): Safety Dose for Ultra-Thin Cornea, Demarcation Line Depth and the Role of Oxygen","authors":"Jui-Teng Lin","doi":"10.33425/2639-9482.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9482.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To update analytic formulas for the overall efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) including both type-I and oxygen-mediated type-II mechanisms, the role of oxygen and the initiator regeneration. Also, to derive the formulas for the minimum corneal thickness and demarcation line depth. Study Design: Modeling the kinetics of CXL in UV light and using riboflavin as the photosensitizer. Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between June, 2021 and July, 2021. Methodology: Coupled kinetic equations are derived under the quasi-steady state condition for the 2-pathway mechanisms of CXL. For type-I CXL, the riboflavin (RF) triplet state [T] may interact directly with the stroma collagen substrate [A] to form radical (R) and regenerate initiator. For type-II process, [T] interacts with oxygen to form a singlet oxygen [1 O2 ]. Both reactive radical (R) and [1 O2 ], can relax to their ground state, or interact with the substrate [A]) for crosslinking. Based on a safety dose, formulas for the minimum corneal thickness and demarcation line depth (DLD) are derived. Results: Our updated theory/modeling showed that oxygen plays a limited and transient role in the process, in consistent with that of Kamave. In contrary, Kling et al believed that type-II is the predominant mechanism, which however conflicting with the epi-on CXL results. For both type-I and type-II, a transient state conversion (crosslink) efficacy in an increasing function of light intensity (or dose), whereas, its steady state efficacy is a deceasing function of light intensity. RF depletion in type-I is compensated by the RF regeneration term (RGE) which is a decreasing function of oxygen. For the case of perfect regeneration case (or when oxygen=0), RF is a constant due to the catalytic cycle. Unlike the conventional Dresden rule of 400 um thickness, thin cornea CXL is still safe as far as the dose is under a threshold dose (E*), based on our minimum thickness formula (Z*). Our formula for thin cornea is also clinically shown by Hafez et al for ultra thin (214 nm) CXL. Conclusion: For both type-I and type-II, a transient state conversion (crosslink) efficacy in an increasing function of light intensity (or dose), whereas, its steady state efficacy is a deceasing function of light intensity. CXL for ultra thin corneas are still safe, as far as it is under a threshold dose (E*), based on our minimum thickness formula, which has a similar tend as that of demarcation line depth. the type-II efficacy also provides the survival rate for the treatment of corneal keratitis.","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83121961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a New Antioxidants Blend in Protecting RPE Cells in vitro and in Improving the Visual Performance of Sport Pilots","authors":"Filippello Massimo, Scilio Cristina, Filippello Giulia, Cristaldi Martina, Spampinato Giorgia, Rusciano Dario","doi":"10.33425/2639-9482.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9482.1022","url":null,"abstract":"The rationale of this study stems from the consideration that vision is a dynamic process, during which photopigments of photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) are continuously consumed and regenerated by retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. The whole process of vision triggered by light radiation generates free radicals which are potentially toxic to the cells in the central retina (macula), which is the main player in vision. Therefore, the central retina contains carotenoid pigments (mainly lutein and zeaxanthin) with the double function of shielding the cells from light radiation and providing free radical-scavenging action due to their antioxidant power. Nonetheless, visual performance (including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereoscopic perception) can be hampered by bright light and by sudden changes in illumination conditions, such as during the transit from the dark to intense light. Therefore, objective of this study has been to investigate whether the treatment with a food supplement regimen containing different antioxidant and protective elements shown to protect from photo-oxidative damage retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, might also improve retina functions during challenging light conditions. We present here our findings, showing the protective effects on human RPE cells in vitro of lutein and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) against photo-oxidative stress. Accordingly, the results of a retrospective analysis of a case series show that sport motorcycle test pilots (who need for their profession an optimal visual performance) taking a commercially available food supplement containing a blend of antioxidant and protective molecules (lutein, C3G, verbascoside and zinc), improved their visual abilities and reduced their sensibility to glaring lights in a dose/time-dependent fashion. In conclusion, these results suggest that a food supplement may increase the antioxidant defense of the retina, thus improving the visual performance also during challenging illumination conditions, hence increasing the safety of individuals finding themselves in such situations.","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88814313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Causing Vitreous Hemorrhage from Inactive Chorioretinal Scar due to a Case of Ocular Toxoplasmosis","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2689-7407.100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2689-7407.100050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84755757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study of the Genetic Differences between P. aeruginosa Ocular Isolates Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2689-7407.100049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2689-7407.100049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76965364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Types of Curved Hyperreflective Structures on Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Outer Retina of Eyes with Different Macular Disorders","authors":"A. Bringmann, J. Unterlauft, T. Barth, R. Wiedemann, M. Rehak, P. Wiedemann","doi":"10.29011/2689-7407.100051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2689-7407.100051","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperreflective materials on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) images of eyes with different retinal disorders may have diverse shapes and origins and are a prognostic marker of disease progression. This study documents using SD-OCT the presence of Curved Hyper Reflective Structures (CHRS) in the outer macula of eyes with different retinal disorders. A retrospective case series of 22 eyes of 21 patients with CHRS is described. In addition, 12 eyes of 12 patients with other kinds of intra retinal hyperreflective structures were investigated. CHRS, which form curved thin lines or broad bands between the outer plexiform layer and external limiting membrane (ELM) in the macula, were found in eyes without edema. Thin CHRS were secondary to dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD; n=10 eyes), glaucoma (n=2), wet AMD, chorioretinitis, macular scarring, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy, and ocular ischemia (each n=1), respectively. Broad CHRS were caused by hemorrhages in the inner foveal layers (n=3). CHRS were associated with focal photoreceptor layer defects. The defects were present before the formation of thin CHRS and during or after the formation of broad CHRS. The retina of eyes with edema showed hyper reflective foci and cystoid cavities which contained hypoor medium-reflective fluid and hyper reflective material, but not CHRS. It is concluded that CHRS in the outer macula are found in eyes with different retinal disorders without edema. Thin CHRS likely develop after photoreceptor damage from the ELM. Broad CHRS are caused by hemorrhages within the inner foveal layers.","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81636648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Subjective Visual Function and Best-Corrected Visual Acuity after External Beam Radiation Therapy of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to the Choroid","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2689-7407.100048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2689-7407.100048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84904337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspect of The Macular Region in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Vein Occlusions","authors":"Youssoufou Souley Abdoul Salam, Chammout Fatima Zahra, L. Nisrine, Elkhoyaali Adil, E. Fouad, R. Karim, O. Abdelbarre","doi":"10.33425/2639-9482.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9482.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Macular edema is the main cause of decreased visual acuity following retinal vein occlusions. We propose to study at the macular level the changes of retinal layers in OCT. Material and method: This are a retrospective study of 43 patients with secondary macular edema to retinal vein occlusion (15 occlusions of the central vein and 28 venous occlusions). We analyzed the different modifications of the outer layers of the macula. Results: The nuclear layer appears irregular and of abnormal density. The cystoid cubicles disorganize the outer nuclear layers. The outer limiting is fragmented and disappears in places, and the interface outer segments / inner segments appear thickened hyperdense and irregular. In our study, only ECF is statistically significantly associated with a decrease in visual acuity. Discussion: Preliminary results of this study in agreement with what is currently admitted show retinal changes during venous occlusion of the retina. Conclusion: The high resolution of the SD-OCT allowed analyzing the changes in the reflectivity at the level of the retinal layers, evoking alterations in the normal structure of photoreceptors related to macular edema. The evolution of these modifications seems to be correlated with the visual prognosis. A longer-term prospective study would formalize this relationship between imaging and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":92830,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology research and reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85431512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}