Journal of public health issues and practices最新文献

{"title":"An Illustrative Review of Positional Asphyxiation in Infants Secured Upright in Car Seats","authors":"Margaret L. Alston, Malliga Jambulingam, Uzma Binte Haidary, Ariel Hunt, David Thomas, Y. Bronner","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100186","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) includes the full spectrum of all causes of infant death, which include “Determined” causes [e.g. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at 42% and Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation at 24%], as well as “Undetermined” causes at 34% [1]. Literature is replete with studies that address the risk factors associated with SIDS, accounting for at least 42% of infant mortality,[1] but scarcely do published reports address risk factors associated with Positional Asphyxia (PA).This illustrative narrative addresses the 2.8 – 3.0% (98-105) healthy infants who have no pre-existing medical conditions, including prematurity, who die from SUID primarily in car seats, and whose suspected cause of death is PA. Webster’s Dictionary defines PA as, “A condition of deficient oxygen supply to the body which occurs when a person’s physical position prevents adequate breathing.” This tragic phenomenon is suspected when the autopsy of an infant reveals no discovery of a traumatic injury, when there is no pre-existing medical pathology, and when the cause of death is determined to be “Undetermined or Unknown.”","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Age on Cardiovascular, Motor, and Lifestyle Components in Hispanic-Latinos Living with HIV","authors":"Martín G. Rosario, Elizabeth Orozco","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People living with HIV experience various comorbidities associated with aging. As this population grows older, these comorbidities cause physical impairments that decrease functional autonomy and quality of life. Purpose: This investigation aims to characterize various components affecting Hispanic Latino people living with HIV (PLHIV) concerning age. Methods: Data was extracted from 323 participants’ records enrolled in La Perla de Gran Precio’s HIV Community Center in Puerto Rico. Participants were allocated into the following age groups for comparison: 40 years or less (L-HIV group) and above 40 years of age (U-HIV group). Multiple one-way ANOVAs were applied to compare the data between the two age groups based on five components: cardio, motor, lipid panel, comorbidities, and lifestyle. Results: There were 44 participants allocated to the L-HIV group (age =35.4+/-3.7) and 279 to the U-HIV group (age=56.3+/-7.4). The cardio components (time completed on the submaximal treadmill test and peak heart rate) were significantly less in the upper age group. The U-HIV group also demonstrated substantially slower gait speed and less inclination achieved on the submaximal treadmill test. Lastly, the U-HIV group consisted of more participants with multiple comorbidities. Conclusion: In Hispanic Latino PLHIV, more significant cardiovascular and motor deficits were identified in the U-HIV group in addition to an increased rate of multi-morbidity. Future inquiries are desired to resolve if the time since diagnosis is an acceptable indicator of cardio-motor deterioration and an upsurge in multiple comorbidities experienced in this population.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Person-Centered Care for Older Adults living in Long-term care facilities: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"J. Yee, Marina Celly Martins Ribeiro Souza, Natália de Cássia Horta, Constance Kartoz","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100184","url":null,"abstract":"Person-centered care (PCC) is the empowering approach of ho-listic care that shifts from a traditional biomedical framework to one that emphasizes older adults’ personalized preferences, abilities, and strengths. This systematic literature review aimed to describe the current status of research on PCC for older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The method that conducted the search involved using 5 consistent keywords along with adding various descriptor terms to help narrow the search. A total of 18 articles were discussed in the final review after meeting all of the inclusion criteria. The results showed overall beneficial outcomes of PCC for institutionalized older adults, the importance of prioritizing residents’ preferences when implementing PCC, and perspectives of residents and staff workers on the state of PCC in their respective LTCFs, as well as what they think are barriers and facilitators. Identifying what the top shared preferences are is the first step to providing individualized PCC delivery that will improve the quality of care and quality of life for older adults living in LTCFs. Furthermore, taking into account both staff and residents’ perspectives will lead to an improved PCC climate in LTCFs that will enable better care outcomes.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Mortality, Diabetes, and Obesity: The Impact of Health Inequity","authors":"Peter J. Fos, Peggy A. Honoré, Katrina P. Kellum","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100187","url":null,"abstract":"Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, minorities experienced the greatest burden of infection and death. These disparities were studied and related to the disproportionate distribution of comorbidities among minority, especially diabetes and obesity in non-Hispanic Blacks. Additionally, health equity has been linked to health disparities of chronic disease and COVID-19 infection. The same effect of the social determinants of health on chronic diseases in minorities is now seen in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study, which is a follow-up of research in the early stages of the pandemic, is focused on determining if the disparity in mortality is still present in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected for state health departments in Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan and Mississippi on mortality due to COVID-19 infection. Mortality and case-fatality rates were collected for each state and selected counties in the study states. Mortality and case-fatality rates were determined according to race, comparing non-Hispanic Whites with non-Hispanic Blacks. The prevalence of diabetes and obesity was evaluated in relation to mortality and case-fatality rates. Results of this study indicate that the disparity between non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks continues to be observed in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-Hispanic Blacks, in the study states and counties, have higher mortality and case-fatality rates than non-Hispanic Whites. This difference ranges from nearly 1.2% greater in Georgia to 71% greater in Michigan. In the study counties with diabetes prevalence of ≥12.0% and obesity prevalence of ≥38.0% had the highest mortality rates. This study indicates that the effect of health inequities must be addressed for both chronic diseases and COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories Matching for Characterizing Patient’s Behavior in Policy Evaluation","authors":"Chaohsin Lin, Shuofen Hsu, Yu-Hua Yan","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100174","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Economic theory and earlier empirical evidence suggest that patients will use fewer health services when they have to pay more for them. However, that copayment had little or no effect on visits to physicians. Objectives: This study exploits a natural experiment in Taiwan to estimate the effect of an increase in copayment on the demand for physician services and prescription drugs across the different dimensions of age, illness severity and patient behavior. Methods: Data were taken from the National Health Research Institute (NHRI) in Taiwan for the period of 1998 to 2000 and contained enrollment and claims files from a randomly chosen 0.2% of Taiwan’s population. The deletion of observations with missing values for any of the dependent or independent variables resulted in a final sample size of 69 768 individuals. The basic empirical strategy is to pool the data over the two years in question and estimate the effects of the reform by comparing the expected number of visits before and after the reform. We explored several alternatives stratifying the treatment in order to improve the quality of the identification. Results: We found that the reduction in visits was rather conservative with the DD estimates ranging from -0.08 to -0.17 compared to the estimate of -0.38 without stratification. The reform effect will most likely be exaggerated if the unobserved heterogeneity of the individual, such as health status and behavior, is not considered in the model.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Licensure RN to BSN Nursing Students: Maintaining Collaboration and Engagement via Technology with Community-based Agencies","authors":"Mary Grace Amendola, Laura Jackson","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100192","url":null,"abstract":"Academic learning software is vital when conducting online post-licensure RN to BSN courses, especially when maintaining collaboration and engagement with community-based agencies. This paper will discuss Osprey Impact as an example of a possible solution to streng then collaborative partnerships between RN to BSN students and their chosen community-based agency, by streamlining the process of logging and tracking community clinical hours using this software. This online interface also tracks the progression of the RNs community/public health promotion projects with their community-based agency and faculty. The University of North Florida School of Nursing (UNF) and its Center for Instruction and Research Technology worked together to solve the problem through technology.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Smartphone Technology to Improve the Health of Sickle Cell Patients","authors":"Bridgette Stasher-Booker, D. Stapleton, Greshundria M. Raines","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100179","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious health issue in society. The United State continues to register a large number of people affected by the disease. Due to the prevalence and severity of this hereditary condition, reliable and effective monitoring and prevention systems are needed. Smartphone technologies have the potential of improving health outcomes of people with SCD by promoting the empowerment and health literacy of people with SCD who live in underserved communities. The vast adoption of smartphones in the country provides an opportunity for the implementation of applications to support current healthcare systems. Mobile applications provide an opportunity to reform the healthcare sector by mitigating cost, yet maximizing accessibility, safety, and quality of care. The study aimed to provide insights into the use of smartphone technology and its impact on improving the health of SCD patients. A literature analysis methodology was adopted. The study found that smartphones provide enhanced means of sharing data and collaborating. The benefits of using smartphones in SCD management included pain tracking and monitoring, reinforcing treatment guidelines, and patient education.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69687944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Contraceptive Education Intervention in a College Setting: Design and Methodology","authors":"M. Evans, B. Leon, Reaghan Bathrick, Annie Ricupero","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Unintended pregnancy continues to be a public health concern across the nation. National data demonstrates the highest rates of unintended pregnancy occurs in women who are 18 to 24 years old. Providing practical and meaningful health education about contraception has the potential to reduce unintended pregnancy and improve quality of life for young adults. This paper describes the design and methodology for a comprehensive contraceptive education intervention at a public university. Methods: Convenience sampling was used with a custom survey conducted in Women’s Health classes from 2015-2021. Surveys contained questions about demographic characteristics, knowledge of contraception options, sources of knowledge, stress levels, and confidence in knowledge. Students completed a pretest, received a comprehensive contraception health education lecture, and completed a post-test. Data collection was approved by the university’s IRB, and analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 27. Conclusion: At a time when reproductive freedom, choice, and justice is scrutinized and suppressed, it is imperative that young adults maintain and understand the importance of having control over when, where, and how they decide to have children if they desire to do so. There is a need for continued comprehensive health education and appropriate resources at the university level. The use of assessments, building trusted professor-student relationships, and exploring credible and reliable information sources can be used to reduce the number of unintended pregnancies for college-aged students. If significant, the replication of the design and methods could have a significant impact on the public health problem of unintended pregnancies, maternal health equity, and reproductive justice.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Suicide and its Warning Signs and Determinants in a County of Illinois, 2014 to 2020: Implications for Future Research and Prevention","authors":"Aly Siglock, Huaibo Xin","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100182","url":null,"abstract":"This study is to examine the trend in suicide over the last 12 years in a county of IL; establish warning signs leading up to suicide; identify major risk factors of suicide among the decedents; as well as explore preventative measures for future suicide interventions. It’s a mixed-methods retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 264 existing suicide case files between 2014 and 2020 were reviewed. Based on the current literature, the suicide data collection instrument was developed to include four sections: demographics, medical history, warning signs, and risks of suicide. A total of 96 variables were included to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. From 2014 to 2020, a total of 264 suicide deaths occurred in the county with the highest number in 2017 and lowest in 2010. Approximately 77.3% of the suicide deaths were males and 81.1% were non-veterans. About 31.4% of the cases left a suicide note; 22.1% had previously attempted suicide; and 49.2% had previous suicide ideation. About 39.4% of the deaths were caused by gunshot wounds, 39.4% were caused by suffocation, and 15.5% were caused by poisoning. More than half of the cases (58.3%) had a mental illness, including depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Nearly 45.5% of the cases were taking prescription medications. Roughly 41.7% of the cases indicated they were in a troubled relationship, 33.0% indicated they could be grieving the loss of parents, significant others, children, and siblings. Only 23.9% of the cases had received suicide prevention treatment, such as hospitalization or admittance to a mental health center, prior to their suicide death. Future endeavors should consider developing suicide prevention strategies/interventions within the domains of the Social Ecological Model, including building social capital, issuing temporary firearms restraining orders, and establishing community-based suicide prevention training/screening programs.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Drinks May Improve Postural Sway While Provoking an Early Onset of Muscle Fatigue","authors":"Ashley Correa, Clare Hanrahan Spt, Lauren Basye Spt, Martin G. Rosario","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100176","url":null,"abstract":"Energy Drinks May Improve Postural Sway While Provoking an Early Onset of Abstract Background: In recent years, energy drink consumption (EDC) has flared up among college students in the 18-34-year-old male demographic. Energy drinks cause balance alterations, reduction of blood flow, and distort lower limb neuromuscular activation. Purpose/Objective: We strived to discover which specific additive among three different drinks (Red Bull, Rockstar, Bang) could contribute to abnormalities in stability, memory, and muscle activation. Therefore, this investigation’s aim is two-fold. First, we assessed the impact of EDC on muscle activation/fatigue and standing balance during multitasking activities. Second, we propose to determine the effect of EDC on memory during multitasking activities. Methods: Twenty healthy young adults ranging from 22 to 28 years old, took part in the study. Demographic and cardiovascular data were collected, and later all participants completed cognitive evaluations (memory, motor speed) before the EDC. We obtained neuromuscular data via EMG sensors placed on hand grip muscles (wrist flexors) before performing the balance (no foam/foam, EO/EC) and motor (while holding a water cup; no nodding/nodding) tasks measured by accelerometers. Each participant completed all tasks pre- and post-16-ounce EDC. A MANOVA analysis was implemented to compare pre- and post-data. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Among the three diverse drinks, 1) A trend to reduce jerk movements (postural sway) was detected mostly in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction with the Red Bull group and 2) Handgrip neuromuscular data revealed an adaptation in diverse timing variables, more noticeable with the Red Bull group during muscle timing decay. 3) Finally, the memory protocol yielded no results after EDC. Conclusions: While this study's outcomes did not show a substantial distinction between pre and post-EDC for the variables measured, among the three drinks, Red bull exhibited alterations. The reduction in EMG activity decay in the Red Bull group may suggest an early onset of muscle fatigue following EDC. Nevertheless, it seems that the reduced sway compensates for this early decay during the balance tests. Clinical relevance: This study pointed out that some of the ingredients in Red Bull alter muscle activation and balance. Further research is warranted to gain a better understanding of the effects of Red Bull’s ingredients on muscle fatigue and balance.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}