Irrigation and drainage (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage)最新文献

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Managing wastewater agriculture to improve livelihoods and environmental quality in poor countries 管理废水农业,改善贫困国家的生计和环境质量
L. Raschid‐sally, R. Carr, S. Buechler
{"title":"Managing wastewater agriculture to improve livelihoods and environmental quality in poor countries","authors":"L. Raschid‐sally, R. Carr, S. Buechler","doi":"10.1002/IRD.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IRD.182","url":null,"abstract":"Deteriorating surface water quality from poor sewage disposal, and lack of alternative water sources have resulted in partially diluted and sometimes untreated wastewater being used for local irrigation in urban, peri‐urban and even rural agriculture by the poor. Un(der)employment, and a demand for fresh perishable food products by city dwellers are other drivers of this practice.","PeriodicalId":92799,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and drainage (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/IRD.182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50975166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
Some theoretical considerations on evaluating wastewater as a source of N, P and K for crops 评价废水作为作物氮、磷、钾来源的一些理论思考
B. Janssen, H. Boesveld, Marion Rodríguez
{"title":"Some theoretical considerations on evaluating wastewater as a source of N, P and K for crops","authors":"B. Janssen, H. Boesveld, Marion Rodríguez","doi":"10.1002/ird.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.184","url":null,"abstract":"The value of wastewater as a source of nutrients for crops depends on concentrations of nutrients, type of crop grown, and soil fertility level. Nutrients are immediately available to the crop, as long as they remain dissolved in wastewater and soil solution, but may be rendered less available by several soil processes. Some processes result in permanent loss (leaching, volatilization and erosion) and others in nutrient accumulation in the soil (microbiological immobilization, adsorption, precipitation). Hence, the proportions of nutrients taken up by plants are different than the proportions of nutrients applied via wastewater or fertilizers. Because soils and wastewater seldom contain nutrients in optimum ratios, a set of guidelines is presented to optimize wastewater irrigation. Some information on nutrients in plants, nutrient sources and soils is required to be able to apply the guidelines. Part of that information may not be available and has to be found in trials. Evaluation of wastewater as a nutrient source is not possible by simple comparisons of sources of wastewater and fertilizers, because effects of N, P and K in wastewater are confounded. A plea is made for factorial designs with combinations of wastewater and straight fertilizers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":92799,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and drainage (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage)","volume":"118 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ird.184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50978259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Who guidelines for safe wastewater use—more than just numbers 谁指导废水的安全使用——不仅仅是数字
R. Carr
{"title":"Who guidelines for safe wastewater use—more than just numbers","authors":"R. Carr","doi":"10.1002/IRD.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IRD.190","url":null,"abstract":"The use of wastewater in agriculture is occurring more frequently because of water scarcity and population growth. Often the poorest households rely on this resource for their livelihood and food security needs. However, there are negative health implications of this practice that need to be addressed. WHO developed Health Guidelines for the Use of Wastewater in Agriculture and Aquaculture in 1989. The Guidelines are currently being revised based on new data from epidemiological studies, quantitative microbial risk assessments and other relevant information. WHO Guidelines contain both microbial guideline values and good practices to reduce health risks. They must be practical and offer feasible risk management solutions that will minimize health threats and allow for the beneficial use of scarce resources. It is important that the Guidelines are based on actual health risks and an evaluation of what is a tolerable risk. This will vary from country to country. WHO Guidelines, therefore, need to be adapted to the unique social, economic and environmental factors in each situation.","PeriodicalId":92799,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and drainage (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage)","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/IRD.190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50980818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
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