Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science最新文献

{"title":"Changes in CD and Correlation with Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index and Triacylglycerol 36 Level in Liver of Malarial Infected Mice Treated with Phyllanthus amarus","authors":"A. O. Opajobi, U. Uzuegbu, P. Y. Toloyai, E. Ojugbeli, A.C. Ezeh, I. Onyesom","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Phyllanthus amarus is an herb for the treatment of various ailments including malaria. Its antiplasmodial properties and antioxidant capacity have been reported, but very little is known about its effect on CD36 in relation to hepatic insulin resistance and triacylglycerol level. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in soluble CD36 concentrations and correlation with hepatic insulin resistance index and triacylglycerol levels in liver of Plasmodium berghei malarial parasite infected mice treated with graded doses of Phyllanthus amarus ethanolic leaf extract. Thirty (30) adult Swiss albino mice of both sexes weighing between 20-30g were assigned into six (6) groups (n=5/grp). Crude ethanolic leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus was administered at 150, 300 and 450mg/kg/d as single daily dose for 7 days. On the 8th day of study, the mice were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia after an overnight fast. Blood sample was collected by cardiac puncture and centrifuged to obtain serum which was used for the assay of serum CD36, glucose and insulin, while, liver of each mouse was excised and processed for the assay of varying doses (150, 300 and 450mg/kg/d) of Phyllanthus amarus crude ethanolic leaf extract to experimental mice infected with P. berghei malarial parasite for seven days maintained serum soluble CD36 (3.40±0.52pg/ml, 3.47±0.46pg/ml and 3.37±0.46pg/ml), hepatic insulin resistance index (0.85±0.10, 0.77±0.17 and 0.82±0.13) and liver triacylglycerol (134.33±15.95mg/dl, 174.00±11.27mg/dl and 163.67±11.02mg/dl) levels, respectively, in trends that compared well with the Control and chloroquine – treated data ( C D 3 6 = 3.03±0.12pg/ml, liver TAG = 139.33±12.01, HIR index = 0.64±0.07). Correlation of CD36 with liver triacylglycerol for the malarial infected group without treatment was strongly positive, while, that with hepatic insulin resistance index was strongly negative. The control and chloroquine treated groups produced similar correlation pattern, but those for the extract-treated were weaker. Malarial infection in experimental mice significantly (p<0.05) increased serum soluble CD36 and this impacted HIR index and liver TAG. However, extract and chloroquine treatments ameliorated the malaria-induced level of serum soluble CD36 and hepatic triacylglycerol, using documented methods. Results indicate that infection of mice with Plasmodium berghei malarial parasite yielded significant increase in level of CD36 (5.40±0.70pg/ml) and liver triacylglycerol, TAG (259.00±7.21mg/dl), but abnormal reduced (p<0.05) hepatic insulin resistance, HIR index (0.37±0.05) when compared with the control mice (CD36 = 3.47±0.46pg/ml, liver TAG = 161.00±10.00, HIR index = 0.68±0.18) at the 5% probability level. However, administration of as starting materials for drugs (Sofowora, 1993). Plants have provided an alternative strategy in research for new drugs. It is likely that plants will continue to be a valuable source of new molecules which","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87071745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of M. tuberculosis and Associated Risk Factors Among Suspected Patients in Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State.","authors":"O. Olalere, M. Olley, Oke Olakunle Clement, Ige Ilesanmi Paul","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) stands as a major global health problem, ranking as the second highest cause of death from an infectious disease globally, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to identify mycobacteria tuberculosis at the molecular level in symptomatic presumptive TB subjects in Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu Jigawa State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April to December, 2019 at the Federal Medical Centre Birnin – Kudu (FMC, BKD), Jigawa State. Subjects presenting with any of the following symptoms were recruited: the presence of symptoms suggestive of TB like chronic cough for a period of ≥ 2 weeks, night sweats, fatigue, unexpected loss of weight, and fever. Each eligible subject (272) who signed written consent and provided clinical specimens were recruited into the study. Four milliliters (4ml) of sputum sample were collected. In the case of presumptive extra-pulmonary TB, four milliliters of either pus, CSF samples was collected. Samples were immediately processed for Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Testing for HIV was done according to the current national algorithm recommended by the Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria. Total number of 52 subjects were M. tuberculosis positive with a total prevalence of 19.1% and total prevalence of 1.1% rifampicin resistance. Most 157 (57.7%) were males. Age groups 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 have TB positivity rate of 33.5%, 26.5%, and 12.9% respectively. Majority 194 (71.3%) of participants were rural dwellers. Prevalence of HIV was 50 (18.4%) among study participants. The measure of association showed that there was significant association (p<0.05) between TB positivity with type of residence, history of previous TB treatment and reason for diagnosis. Urban residents were 3.23 times likely of being TB positive compared to rural dwellers. The prevalence of Rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis is low in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the study area.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86797990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Homocysteine Levels and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Zaria, Northern Nigeria.","authors":"N. Lawal, S. Akuyam, P. Anaja, A. Bakari, M.B. Ahmad","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperhomocysteinaemia and hypertension are established cardiovascular risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, knowledge on the contributions of these risk factors in diabetic patients is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess serum homocysteine concentrations and blood pressures in Type 2 diabetic patients in Zaria, Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria. In this cross-sectional study, serum homocysteine levels and blood pressures were assessed in 140 men and women with type 2 diabetes aged 20-60 years in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus status was confirmed biochemically according to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for classification of diabetes mellitus. Hypertension was confirmed according to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. Serum homocysteine concentration was measured using ELISA method. Data for selected clinical/demographic variables were obtained from fasting blood samples using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The mean values of serum homocysteine, Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), WC: HC, Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in diabetic patients were significantly higher (p=0.000) than those of controls, whereas the mean values of age, weight (WT), height (H) and Body Mass Index (BMI) in diabetic patients were similar to those of controls (p=0.972, p=0.271 and p=0.825 respectively). We observed that that High levels of homocysteine and high blood pressures all contributes to the (WT), height (H) and Body Mass Index (BMI) in diabetic patients were similar to those of controls (p=0.972, p=0.271 and p=0.825 respectively). We observed that that High levels of homocysteine and high blood pressures all contributes to the development of cardiovascular complications in people with type 2 diabetic mellitus.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81849001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethno-botanical Utilization of Selected Medicinal Plant Species in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria","authors":"A. Erhenhi, T.C. Atisele, C. Ogwezy, I.E. Aweh, F. Onojaife, P. Mejogbamu, T.O. Ojemen","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The ethno-botanical research results were obtained in five communities (Umuagwu, Ogume, Abbi, Kokori and Ekpan) in Delta State and one community (Arue) Esan North East, in Edo State. Acalypha wilkesiana was used for the treatment of high blood pressure by the People of Umuagwu Community, Asaba, Delta State, use of Sida acuta Burm. f.  for the treatment of loss of appetite, digestion problem, tuberculosis and general health by Ogume People, Delta State, the use of Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D. for ulcer dressing and wound by the people of Abbi, Delta State, use of Bryophyllum pinnatum for the treatment of haemorrhoids by the people of Kokori, Delta State, use of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) (Boundary Tree) for treatment of difficulty in breathing by the people of Ekpan, Delta State and use of Mallotus oppositifolius for the treatment of haemorrhoids by Arue people of Edo State.  Parts of the plants used for preparation included root, leaf, twig, stem and flower.  The use of plants for medicinal purposes varied from one community to another depending on their indigenous knowledge on the ethno-botanical application of plants for the treatment of different ailments. The information obtained from the communities was as a result of perennial usage of these plants and the desirable results obtained over the years without negative side effects. This research seeks to document this salient vital information to invoke scientific curiosity and expand the scope of the knowledge for more effective utilization.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Nutritional Status using MUAC, BMI Percentile and Biochemical indicators among Internally Displaced Children attending IDPs Clinic within Maiduguri/ Jere, Borno State, Nigeria: An impact of the Boko Haram insurgency","authors":"A. H. Musa, A. Abubakar, Z. Fatima, Y. Mamza, A. Umar","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The adverse effect of war and conflicts on the health of children is food and nutrition insecurity and poor health outcome with consequence of death before the age of 5 years and stunted growth due to malnutrition. Thus, we evaluated the nutritional status of children aged under 5 years in a Boko Haram war zone, Maiduguri. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 110 IDP children between the age of six (6) month and thirty-six (36) months. The Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), Body mass index (BMI) percentiles and Biochemical indicators (Serum protein, albumin and Calcium), were gused to determine the nutritional status of these children. MUAC was measured using a simple colored plastic tape. BMI percentiles were analyzed. Biochemical parameters (Total protein, serum Albumin, and serum Calcium) were analyzed using Cobas C311 Hitachi/Roche Chemistry Auto analyzer. The mean ± SD for Age, Height, and Weight for boys and girls were 15.58±7.08, 0.67±0.10, 7.03±0.99 and 14.04±5.39, 0.64±0.11, 7.01±1.19 respectively. The Boys-Girls ratio was 1:29 with 43.6% boys (n=48) and 56.4% girls (n=62). Out of the 110 children, 50(45.5%) had diarrhoea, 36(32.7%) had vomiting, and 64(58.2%) had cough, 9 children had MUAC less than 11.0 cm (SAM), 85 had MUAC of 11.0 - 12.5cm (MAM) and 16 children had MUAC of between 12.6-12.9 cm (at risk for acute malnutrition). The result also showed that both boys and girls had mean BMI between 50th and 75th percentiles (normal weight). Biochemical analysis indicates that the children had normal serum total Protein (66.00±7.46g/L), Albumin (37.31±4.75g/L) and hypocalcemia (2.15±0.24mmol/L). However, Albumin, BMI and Weight were weakly correlated with MUAC and the relationship was significant at p < 0.05 but height was negatively correlated with MUAC and the relationship was not significant(p>0.05). Malnutrition and diseases such as diarrhoea, vomiting and respiratory infections are the most common health outcome and mortality risk factors among the IDPs children less than 5 years. Thus, it is therefore imperative that government and the world at large should identify the root cause(s) of this conflict. It is also imperative that relevant stakeholders such as government agencies, non-governmental organizations, UN agencies, and local partners are involved in the formulation of policies that will guarantee provision of adequate nutrients and balanced diets for the children in the IDP camps.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90669715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Abuse Among Nigerian Youth and Its Consequences – A Review of Literature","authors":"Adepeju Akinlawon Adetiloye, Osunwoye Adedapo Abel","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The available evidences suggest that it is true that drugs are used for beneficial therapeutic purposes, effective substance for good health, but they are also being abused by people especially youths. They use it illegally and unlawfully, thus it becomes harmful to the body. Studies have described a growing impact of drug abuse among Nigerian youths to the extent of being considered a moral decadent. The Nigerian youths are deliberately using drugs illegally, unlawfully and intentionally. while many are ignorantly or knowingly depending on one drug or the other for their daily activities. The objective of this review is to highlight the dangers and consequences of drug abuse particularly among the Nigerian youths. The review, which consists of literature search of journals and chapters in books, provides an insight into common drugs and substances that are abused, causes of drug abuse, social effect, prevention or control measures and laboratory investigations. Hence, for its public health significance, there is an urgent call for increased vigilance and improved knowledge/research-driven approaches to the diagnosis and management of drugs and substance of abuse. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83768246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-tumour therapy and renal-associated derangements among Breast Cancer Patients attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria","authors":"J. Udosen, E. Akwiwu, D. Akpotuzor, J. Akpotuzor","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Among the different biomedical derangements that have been observed in breast cancer, renal function parameters are considered quite important. Renal-associated derangements are part of the critical aspects in the management of cancer patients. These morbidity indicators could find usefulness in determining the dynamics of genetic and pharmacologic interplay with regards to anti-tumour agents. The present study therefore focused on women of Southern Nigerian descent who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and receiving chemotherapy after surgical removal of the breast tumour. The study was conducted in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. It included 36 cases of pathologically diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients as well as 36 apparently healthy females drawn from the general population who served as control group. Ethical approval and informed consent were duly sought from the Health and Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Standard colorimetric methods were used to determine all the parameters (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Urea and Creatinine) among the BC patients who were receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC) chemotherapy and the control group. The data obtained were analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using students t-test at 95% confidence level with p-value of ≤ 0.05. Breast Cancer patients had significantly lower mean value of Chloride compared to controlsubjects(p = 0.022). In terms of derangements, this study recorded higher proportions of hyponatremia (42%), hypokalemia (33%) and hypochloremia (42%) alongside hypercreatininemia (33%). The observed hyponatremia and hypokalemia were mainly mild-moderate (31% and 33% respectively) in terms of severity. In conclusion, this study observed renal-associated derangements among breast cancer patients on treatment, mainly in the form of hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia and hypercreatininemia.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"269-270 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79116744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulation of IFN-ã, IL-4, and IL-10 Cytokines by Polyherbal Formulation in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression among Wistar Rats","authors":"K. M. Hamid, N. Abubakar, M. Yeldu, M. Abdullahi, A. Usman, S. Isah, M. Aliyu","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation (PHF) in cyclophosphamide (CP)- induced immunosuppression in Wistar albino rats. The rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of four (4) rats each. The normal control group received 10 ml/kg b.w of normal saline for 28 days orally. The Positive control group received 50mg/kg b.w of Levamisole Hydrochloride for 28 days orally.  Cyclophosphamide (CP) control group had 10 mg/ kg b.w of CP for three days subcutaneously.  While the Treatment control group received 1500 mg/ kg b.w of PHF orally for 28 days. Treatment 1 group received 10 mg/ kg b.w of CP for three days subcutaneously, followed by oral administration of 1500 mg/ kg b.w of PHF for 28 days.  Lastly, Treatment 2 group received 1500 mg/ kg b.w of PHF for 28 days orally, followed by subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/ kg b.w of CP for three days. On the first day prior to any intervention, 1 ml of the blood sample was collected from each rat which serve as a pre-treatment sample. At the end of the experiment (after 28 days), a blood sample was collected from each rat which serve as a post-treatment sample. The serum concentration of IFN-ã, IL-4, and IL-10 were determined using the ELISA technique. For pre-treatment samples, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum concentration of the cytokines across the groups (p >0.05). For post-treatment samples, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean serum concentration of IFN-ã (p < 0.0001) and IL-4 (p<0.001) across the groups. There was a significant difference when normal controls were compared with other groups in IFN-ã and IL-4 (p <0.05). No significant difference was observed in IL-10. The formulation seems to neutralise the immunosuppressive condition and induce immunostimulatory activity on the immune cells responsible for the secretion of IFN-ã and IL-4.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88689376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Chronic Consumption of Smokeless Tobacco (Snuff) on Liver Enzymes of Males in Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria","authors":"A. Musa, I. Abdulmajid, B. Haruna, J. Ismaila","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Smokeless tobacco snuff consumption is as dangerous as cigarette smoking. It is now considered a significant source of morbidity and mortality owing to the effect of the numerous chemical constituents. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic consumption of Smokeless Tobacco (Snuff) on Liver Enzymes of males in Maiduguri and its environs, Northeast Nigeria. In this study we recruited 109 individuals who were smokeless tobacco snuffers and 97 healthy controls. It was a prospective case control study performed in adult males (30-50 years and 23 – 48 years for case and control respectively) with mean age of the case and control subjects of 37.12 ± 10.21and 33.64 ± 3.29 respectively. Serum Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Serum Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated using kinetic methods by Cobas C311(Roche/Hitachi) chemistry auto analyzer. The estimated Serum AST, ALT, and ALP, levels were compared using un-paired student's t test between the two groups. Also, the liver enzyme levels were evaluated based on the duration of the smokeless tobacco consumption and correlation was determined. The age range of the study subjects was between 30 and 50 years and the mean age of the Case and control subjects were 37.12 ± 10.21and 33.64 ± 3.29 respectively. The mean(average) of the duration of tobacco snuff intake was 10.52 ± 7.02 years. The mean Serum level of AST, ALT, and ALP of tobacco snuffers were found to be higher (15.45 ± 3.32, 22.00 ± 5.10 and 22.00 ± 5.10 respectively) as compared to controls (10.42 ± 2.36, 8.88 ± 3.14 and 31.14 ± 4.60 for AST, ALT and ALP respectively) and the differences were statistically significant at p< 0.05. Also, the serum levels of the liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) were evaluated according to duration of snuff intake and the liver enzymes were found to be higher in people who uses the tobacco snuff for 11-20 years. However, the duration of the snuff intake was correlated with the serum levels of the liver enzymes. There was strong correlation between duration of snuff intake and serum levels of AST and ALT (r=0.648 and r=0.741 respectively) and the relationship were statistically significant at p<0.05. But the serum level of ALP was weekly correlated with the duration of snuff intake and the relationship was not statistically significant at p>0.05. From the results of the current study and the literature reviewed it is evident that tobacco snuff may likely be one of the causes of several liver diseases. Therefore, our study might be helpful in creating awareness on the hazards of using smokeless tobacco products (Snuff), among our population who are using smokeless tobacco.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79960630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Vitamin D Levels Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Nigeria: Preliminary Findings","authors":"C. Oko, P. Anaja, R. Nwaelugo, P. Okafor","doi":"10.4314/sokjmls.v7i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v7i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type2 DM) has become a global health challenge. Nigeria is experiencing an upsurge in the prevalence of the disease and insulin resistance (IR) arising from obesity has been observed to be one of the causes. Vitamin D insufficiency has been implicated in IR and ultimately type 2 DM. The current study was aimed at evaluating serum vitamin D levels in type 2 DM in one of the fastest growing cities in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria. Eighty-eight (88) subjects were recruited for the study. These were made up of 53 type 2 diabetic patients (23 Males; 30 Females) and 35 control subjects (13 Males; 22 Females). Serum vitamin D and other biochemical analytes were measured using standard laboratory techniques. The results showed significantly higher (p<0.05) mean blood glucose (8.7± 0.38 mmol/L) and glycated haemoglobin (HbAic) (6.5± 0.41%) levels in the diabetic patients than in the controls respectively (4.6 ± 0.08 mmol/L; 4.3 ± 0.11%). The mean serum vitamin D value (42.1 ± 5.0 ng/ml) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the diabetic patients than in the controls (184.5 ± 13.1 ng/ml). The values were higher in males (47.5 ± experiencing an upsurge in the prevalence of the disease (Adeleke et al., 2010). Insulin resistance (IR) arising from obesity has been observed to be one of the causes (Grill et al., 2008). Vitamin D insufficiency has been implicated in IR (secretion and action) and ultimately type 2 DM (Pittas et al., 2007). The deficiency of Vitamin D too has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complication, one of the leading causes of morbidity in diabetic subjects (Suzuki et al.,2006; Abudewood et al., 2018). The current study was aimed at evaluating serum vitamin D levels in type 2 DM in one of the fastest growing cities in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria. This is to provide preliminary report on the status of Vitamin D in diabetic and non-diabetic Nigerians in Abuja as there is paucity of data in Northern Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":92723,"journal":{"name":"Sokoto journal of medical laboratory science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88808991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}